- This article is about the fish. For the Canadian band, see The Northern Pikes. The Northern Pikes are a Canadian rock band formed in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan in 1984
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| Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 |
The northern pike (known as the pike in Britain), Esox lucius, is a species of carnivorous fish of the genus Esox (the pikes). Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Year 1758 ( MDCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two They are typical of brackish and freshwaters of the northern hemisphere (i. Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved e. holarctic in distribution). The Holarctic Ecozone refers to the habitats found throughout the northern continents of the world as a whole They are also known by the literal translation of their latin name, "water wolf".
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Geographic distribution
E. lucius is found throughout the northern hemisphere, including Russia, , Europe and North America. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending It is even found in brackish water of the Baltic sea. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude.
Within North America, there are northern pike populations in Minnesota, Maryland, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Illinois, eastern New York, northern New England, most of Canada (though pike are rare in British Columbia), Alaska, the Ohio Valley, the upper Mississippi River and its tributaries, the Great Lakes Basin and surrounding states, Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads WikipediaCiting sources --> See also Mississippi River The Upper Mississippi The Great Lakes Basin consists of the Great Lakes and the surrounding lands of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and They are also stocked in, or have been introduced to, some western lakes and reservoirs for angling purposes, although this practice often threatens other species of fish such as trout and salmon, causing government agencies to exterminate the pike by poisoning lakes. Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. [1]
Description
Northern pike are most often olive, shading into yellow to white along the belly. Kotkan kaupunki Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Strausberg is a city in Brandenburg, Germany, located 30 km east of Berlin, and is the largest town in the district of Märkisch-Oderland. The flank is marked with short, light barlike spots and there are a few to many dark spots on the fins. The lower half of the gill cover lacks scales and they have large sensory pores on their head and on the underside of the lower jaw which are part of the lateral line system. The operculum of a bony fish is the hard bony flap covering and protecting the Gills In most fish the rear edge of the operculum roughly marks the division between In Fish, the lateral line is a Sense organ used to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water In Anatomy, the head of an Animal is the Rostral part (from Anatomical position that usually comprises the Brain, Eyes The jaw is either of the two opposable structures forming or near the entrance to the Mouth. In Fish, the lateral line is a Sense organ used to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water Unlike the similar-looking and closely related muskellunge, the northern pike has light markings on a dark body background and fewer than six sensory pores on the underside of each side of the lower jaw. The muskellunge, Esox masquinongy, is also known as the muskie, musky or maskinonge.
Pike grow to a relatively large size; lengths of 150 centimetres (59 in) and weights of 25 kg (55 pounds) are not unheard of. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass The heaviest specimen known so far was caught in an abandoned stone quarry, in Germany, in 1983. She (the majority of all pikes over 8 kg (18 pounds) are females) was 1. 47 m (5 ft) long and weighed 31 kg (67 pounds). The longest pike ever recorded was 152 cm (60 in) long and weighed 28 kg (61 pounds). Historic reports of giant pike, caught in nets in Ireland in the late 1800s, of 41 to 42 kg (89 to 92 pounds), were researched by Fred Buller and published in "The Doomsday Book of Mammoth Pike". Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The British Isles have not managed to produce much in the way of giant pike in the last 50 years and as a result there is substantial doubt surrounding those earlier claims. The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan Currently, the IGFA recognizes a 26 kg (55 pound) pike caught by Lothar Louis in Lake of Grefeern, Germany, on 16 Oct, 1986 as the all-tackle world record northern pike. The International Game Fish Association (IGFA is the leading authority on Angling pursuits and the keeper of the most current World Record fishing catches by fish categories Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Northern pike in North America seldom reach the size of their European counterparts; one of the largest specimens known was a 21 kg (46 pound, 2 ounce) specimen from New York state. This article is about the unit of mass For the unit of force see Pound-force. It was caught in Great Sacandaga Lake on September 15, 1940 by Peter Dubuc. The Great Sacandaga Lake (formerly the Sacandaga Reservoir) is a large Lake situated in the Adirondack Park in northern New York in the Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. There are reports of far larger pike, but these are either misidentifications of the pike's much larger relative the muskellunge, or simply have not been properly documented and belong in the realm of legend. The muskellunge, Esox masquinongy, is also known as the muskie, musky or maskinonge.
Alternate forms
Northern pike occasionally breed with muskellunge to produce the hybrid commonly known as the tiger muskellunge[1] (Esox masquinongy x lucius or Esox lucius x masquinongy[2], depending on the gender of each of the contributing species). The muskellunge, Esox masquinongy, is also known as the muskie, musky or maskinonge. In the hybrids, the males are almost invariably sterile although the females are sometimes fertile. [3] Another form of northern pike, the silver pike, is not a subspecies but rather a mutation that occurs in scattered populations. In biology mutations are changes to the Nucleotide sequence of the Genetic material of an organism Silver pike, sometimes called silver muskellunge, lack the rows of spots and appear silver or silvery-blue in color. (Craig, 1).
Habitat
Pike are found in sluggish streams and shallow, weedy places in lakes, as well as in cold, clear, rocky waters. Pike are typical ambush predators; they lie in wait for prey, holding perfectly still for long periods and then exhibit remarkable acceleration as they strike. Ambush predators or sit-and-wait predators are carnivorous animals that capture prey by stealth or cunning not by speed or necessarily by strength The fish has a distinctive habit of catching its prey sideways in the mouth, killing or immobilising it with its sharp teeth, and then turning the prey lengthwise to swallow it. It eats mainly fish, but on occasion water voles and ducklings have also been known to fall prey to pike. This article deals with the European Water Vole For the article concerning the American species known as Water Vole see Water Vole (North America The For duck as a food see Duck (food; for other meanings see Duck (disambiguation. Pike will aggressively strike at any fish in the vicinity, even at other pike. Young pike have been found dead from choking on a pike of a similar size. Northern pike also feed on frogs, insects and leeches. This article is about the block cipher algorithm For the ultrafast laser pulse measurement technique see Frequency-resolved optical gating. Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Leeches are Annelids comprising the Subclass Hirudinea. There are freshwater terrestrial and marine leeches It has often been suggested that pike optimally forage on prey that are from 25 to 35% of their body length. Also, in Britain a pike snatched the head of a feeding swan, but the backward-pointing teeth meant that the fish could not let go of the bird, and both of them died soon afterwards.
Importance to humans
Although generally acknowledged as a "sporting" quarry, most anglers release pike they have caught because the flesh is considered bony, especially due to the substantial (epipleural) "Y-bones". Drava or Drave ( German: Drau; Italian, Croatian, and Slovene: Drava; Hungarian: Dráva Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Angling is a method of Fishing by means of an "angle" ( hook) However, the larger fish are more easily filleted, and pike have a long and distinguished history in cuisine and are popular fare in Europe. Historical references to cooking pike go as far back as the Romans. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The flesh is white and mild-tasting. Fishing for pike is said to be very exciting with their aggressive hits and aerial acrobatics. Pike are among the largest freshwater fish.
Because of their prolific nature and their aggressiveness as predators, laws have been enacted in some places to help stop the spread of northern pike outside of their native range. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society For instance, in the State of Maine, anglers are required, by law, to remove the head from a pike once it has been caught. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean In Alaska pike are native north and west of the Alaska Range, but have been illegally introduced to the south central alaska by game fishermen. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The Alaska Range is a relatively narrow 650-km-long (400 mi Mountain range in the southcentral region of the U In south central Alaska there is no limit in most areas. Pike, while loved by some, are seen as a threat to native wild stocks of salmon. Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae.
Elsewhere, notably in the British Isles, pike are highly-prized as a sporting fish and they are returned alive to the water in order to safeguard future sport and maintain the balance of a fishery. The Pike Anglers Club has campaigned to preserve pike since 1977, arguing that the removal of pike from waters can lead to an explosion of smaller fish, which is damaging to both the sport fishery and the environment. [2]
Sport fishing
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Pike angling is becoming an increasingly popular pastime in the UK and Europe. Fly fishing is a distinct and ancient Angling method most renowned as a method for catching Trout and Salmon, but employed today for a wide variety of The bluefish ( Pomatomus saltatrix) called tailor in Australia, is a species of popular marine game- Fish found in all climates The brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, (sometimes called the eastern brook trout, Adirondack coaster lake trout) is a Species of Fish "Calico Bass" redirects here For the marine fish see Kelp Bass. The taimen ( Hucho taimen) also known as Siberian taimen and Siberian salmon, is a Species of Fish in the Salmon The largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides) is a Species of Fish in the sunfish family. The northern pike (known as the pike in Britain Esox lucius, is a Species of carnivorous Fish of the genus Esox (the pikes Peacock bass is the common name in English for several Species of Tropical, Freshwater fish of the Genus Cichla The shoal bass ( Micropterus cataractae) is a Species of Freshwater Fish in the sunfish family ( Centrarchidae) of The smallmouth bass ( Micropterus dolomieui) is a Species of Freshwater Fish in the sunfish family ( Centrarchidae) The American shad or Atlantic shad, Alosa sapidissima, is a Species of Anadromous Fish in family Clupeidae For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Effective methods for catching this hard fighting fish include dead baits, lure fishing, and jerk baiting. They are prized as game fish for their determined fighting and have been food fish since ancient times. Game fish are Fish pursued for Sport by recreational Anglers.
Lake fishing for pike from the shore is especially effective during springtime, at which stage the big pike move into the shallows to spawn in reedy areas, and later many remain there to feed on other spawning coarse fish species to regain their condition after spawning. Smaller jack pike often remain in the shallows for their own protection, and for the small fish food available there. For the hot summer period and during non-active phases the larger female pike tend to retire to deeper water and/or places of better cover. This gives the boat angler good fishing during the summer and winter seasons. Trolling (towing a lure or bait behind a moving boat) is a popular technique.
The use of float tubes have become a very popular way of fishing for pike on small to medium size stillwaters. A float tube or belly boat is a doughnut-shaped boat with an underwater seat in the "hole" Fly fishing for pike is another recently developing way of catching these fish, and the float tube is now recognised as an especially suitable water craft for pike flyfishing. Fly fishing is a distinct and ancient Angling method most renowned as a method for catching Trout and Salmon, but employed today for a wide variety of
In recent decades more and more pike are released back to the water after catching (catch and release). Catch and release is a practice within Recreational Fishing intended as a technique of conservation. But they can easily be damaged when handled. Handling those fishes with dry hands can easily damage their mucous covered skin and possibly lead to their death from infections.
Since they have very sharp and numerous teeth, care is required in unhooking a pike. It is recommended that barbless trebles are used when angling for this species as it simplifies unhooking. Unhooking should be accomplished using long forceps—30 cm artery clamps are ideal. The pike should be kept out of the water for the minimum amount of time possible, and should be given some time to recover before being weighed and photographed.
In Finland, catching a kymppihauki, a pike weighing at least 10 kilograms, is considered the qualification as a master fisherman.
Etymology
The northern pike gets its name from its resemblance to the pole-weapon known as the pike (from the Middle English for pointed). A pike is a Pole weapon, a very long thrusting Spear used two-handed and used extensively by Infantry both for attacks on enemy foot soldiers and as The genus name, Esox, comes from the Greek and Celtic for "big fish" and "salmon" (see Esox: Name). A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Various other unofficial trivial names are: American pike, common pike, great northern pike, Great Lakes pike, grass pike, pickerel, slough shark, snake, northern, and jackfish. In Chemistry and Zoology, a trivial name (also a Common name or vernacular name) is a non- Systematic name. Numerous other names can be found in Field Museum Zool. Leaflet Number 9.
See also
References
- ^ Young, Samantha. The muskellunge, Esox masquinongy, is also known as the muskie, musky or maskinonge. A float tube or belly boat is a doughnut-shaped boat with an underwater seat in the "hole" A float tube or belly boat is a doughnut-shaped boat with an underwater seat in the "hole" Fly fishing is a distinct and ancient Angling method most renowned as a method for catching Trout and Salmon, but employed today for a wide variety of "Calif. Aims to Rid Lake of Northern Pike", Associated Press, 2007-09-26. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Retrieved on 2007-09-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again
- ^ What the PAC is All About
- Esox lucius (TSN 162139). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Integrated Taxonomic Information System ( ITIS) is a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the Taxonomy of biological Species Retrieved on 8 December 2004. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
- "Esox lucius". FishBase. FishBase is a comprehensive Database of information about Fish. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. October 2004 version. N. p. : FishBase, 2004.
- Broughton, Bruno. "A Review of the Scientific Basis for Pike Culls". N. p. , 2000.
- Craig, John F. ed. Pike: Biology and Exploitation. Chapman & Hall, London. 1996 pp. 1.
- Eddy S, Surber T. Northern Game Fishes Univ. of Michigan Press, 1943. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America.
- La Monte Fancesca. North American Game Fishes Doubleday & Company, Inc. 1950 pp. 126.
- Weed Alfred C. Pike, Pickerel, and Muskellunge. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Dept. of Zoology, Leaflet No. 9, 52 pp. , 8 plates.
External links
- New Jersey fact sheet on tiger musky
- An image of a tiger muskie
- NAS - USGS fact sheet on tiger musky
- Radio story on eliminating imported pike
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