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For similar terms, see Northern Territories. Northern Territories may refer to several geographic locations Northern Territories a term used by the Japanese to refer to the territory disputed with Russia

Northern Territory
Flag of Northern Territory Coat of Arms of Northern Territory
Flag Coat of Arms
Slogan or Nickname: The Territory, The NT, The Top End
Motto(s): none
Map of Australia with Northern Territory highlighted
Other Australian states and territories
Capital Darwin
Government Constitutional monarchy
Administrator Tom Pauling
Chief Minister Paul Henderson (ALP)
Federal representation
 - House seats 2
 - Senate seats 2
Gross Territorial Product (2006-07)
 - Product ($m)  $13,405[1] (8th)
 - Product per capita  $63,548 (1st)
Population (End of December 2007)
 - Population  217,559 (8th)
 - Density  0. The current state flag of the Northern Territory was officially adopted by the Northern Territory, Australia in 1978 The Coat of arms of the Northern Territory is the official symbol of the Australian territory The following is a list of Australian state and territory slogans. The Commonwealth of Australia is made up of 8 states and territories controlled under a federal system of government There are eight capital cities in Australia, all of which function at a sub-national level The Northern Territory of Australia is governed according to the principles of the Westminster system, a form of parliamentary government based on the model of the A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is In accordance with the provisions of the Northern Territory (Self-Government Act 1978 ( Cth), the Northern Territory received self-government in 1979 under its own Thomas Ian (Tom Pauling AO, QC (born 13 December 1946) is an Australian lawyer who is currently serving as Administrator of the In Australia, a Chief Minister is the Head of government of a self-governing territory while the head of government of a state is a Premier Paul Raymond Henderson (born 15 August 1962 Australian politician is the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory. The Parliament of Australia or Commonwealth Parliament is the legislative branch of government of Australia. The House of Representatives is one of the two houses (chambers of the Parliament of Australia; it is the Lower house, the Upper house being the Senate The Senate is the upper of the two houses of the Parliament of Australia. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 16/km² (8th)
0. 4 /sq mi
Area  
 - Total  1,420,970 km² (3rd)
548,640 sq mi
 - Land 1,349,129 km²
520,902 sq mi
 - Water 71,839 km² (5. 06%)
27,737 sq mi
Elevation  
 - Highest Mount Zeil
+1,531 m (5,023 ft)
 - Lowest Sea Level
Time zone UTC+9:30 (No DST)
Abbreviations  
 - Postal NT
 - ISO 3166-2 AU-NT
Emblems  
 - Floral Sturt's Desert Rose
 - Colours Black, white, and ochre
 - Bird Wedge-tailed Eagle
 - Animal Red Kangaroo
Web site www.nt.gov.au

The Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the center of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. Mount Zeil (1531 m / 5023 ft is a Mountain situated in the western MacDonnell Ranges, is the highest peak in Australia's Northern Territory A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Sea level can refer to Sea level, average height of the ocean Sea Level (band, 1970s musical group ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO In Australia state colours are frequently part of a state or territory's set of State symbols. The Commonwealth of Australia is made up of 8 states and territories controlled under a federal system of government For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west, South Australia to the south, and Queensland to the east. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. The Timor Sea (Laut Timor Portuguese: Mar Timor) is a sea bounded to the north by the island of Timor, to the east by the Arafura Sea, The Arafura Sea is west of the Pacific Ocean overlying the Continental shelf between Australia and New Guinea. The Gulf of Carpentaria is a large shallow sea enclosed on three sides by northern Australia and bounded on the north by the Arafura Sea (the body of water that lies Despite its large area, over 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi) – making it the third largest Australian federal division – it is sparsely populated. With a population of 217 559[2] , it is the least populous division in the country.

The history of the Northern Territory began over 40,000 years ago when Indigenous Australians settled the region. The history of the Northern Territory began over 40000 years ago when Indigenous Australians settled the region Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. Makassan traders began trading with the indigenous people of the Northern Territory for trepang from at least the 18th century onwards, and very likely for 300 years prior to that, while the coast of the Territory was first seen by Europeans in the 17th century. Makassar, ( Macassar, Mangkasar) is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and the largest city on Sulawesi Island The sea cucumber (also known as trepang, bêche-de-mer, or ambiguously Sea slug) is an Echinoderm of the class Holothuroidea The British were the first to attempt to settle the coastal regions of the Territory in the 19th century; however no attempt was successful until the establishment of a settlement at Port Darwin in 1869. Today the economy is based on tourism, especially Kakadu National Park in the Top End and the Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park (Ayers Rock) in central Australia, and mining. Kakadu National Park is in the Northern Territory of Australia, 171 km south-east of Darwin. The Top End is the second northernmost point on the continent of Australia, behind the Cape York Peninsula. Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park is UNESCO World Heritage-listed in the Northern Territory of Australia. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body

The capital city is Darwin. Perhaps unusually when compared with Australia's states, the population is not concentrated in coastal regions, but rather along the Stuart Highway. The Stuart Highway is one of Australia 's major highways it is part of Australia's Highway 1, and Australia's National Highway The other major settlements are Katherine, Alice Springs, Tennant Creek and Nhulunbuy in the territory's north-east. Katherine is a town situated 320 km southeast of Darwin in the "Top End" of the Northern Territory, Australia. Alice Springs is the second largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Tennant Creek is a town located in the Northern Territory of Australia. Nhulunbuy ( is the name of the township created on the Gove Peninsula in the Northern Territory of Australia when a Bauxite mine

Residents of the Northern Territory are often known simply as 'Territorians'.

Contents

History

Main article: History of the Northern Territory

Indigenous Australians have lived in the present area of the Northern Territory for an estimated 40,000 years, and extensive seasonal trade links existed between them and the peoples of what is now Indonesia for at least five centuries. The history of the Northern Territory began over 40000 years ago when Indigenous Australians settled the region Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia.

With the coming of the British, there were four early attempts to settle the harsh environment of the northern coast, of which three failed in starvation and despair. The Northern Territory was part of New South Wales from 1825 to 1863, except for a brief time from February 1846 until December 1846 when it was part of the short lived colony of North Australia, and part of South Australia from 1863 to 1911. Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display North Australia can refer to the territory the colony or the proposed state South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Under the administration of South Australia, the overland telegraph was constructed by Charles Todd between 1870 and 1872. A railway was also built between Palmerston and Pine Creek between 1883 and 1889. Palmerston is a Satellite city in the Northern Territory, Australia. Pine Creek is a town in the Katherine region of the Northern Territory, Australia. The economic pattern of cattle raising and mining was established so that by 1911 there were 513 000 cattle. Victoria River Downs was at one time the largest cattle station in the world. Gold was found at Grove Hill in 1872 and at Pine Creek, Brocks Creek, Burrundi and copper was found at Daly River. Grove Hill is a town in Clarke County, Alabama, United States. Daly River is the name of a river and a town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Many of the miners were Chinese and subsequently deported under the White Australia Policy. The White Australia policy is a term used to describe a collection of historical policies that intentionally restricted non-white Immigration to Australia from

Letters Patent annexing the Northern Territory to South Australia, 1863
Letters Patent annexing the Northern Territory to South Australia, 1863

On 1 January 1911, a decade after federation, the Northern Territory was separated from South Australia and transferred to Commonwealth control. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Alfred Deakin opined at this time "To me the question has been not so much commercial as national, first, second, third and last. Alfred Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919 Australian politician was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister Either we must accomplish the peopling of the northern territory or submit to its transfer to some other nation. "

For a brief time between 1927 and 1931 the Northern Territory was divided into North Australia and Central Australia at the 20th parallel of South latitude. North Australia can refer to the territory the colony or the proposed state Central Australia/Alice Springs Region is one of the five regions in the Northern Territory. Soon after this time, parts of the Northern Territory were considered in the "Kimberley Scheme" as a possible site for the establishment of a Jewish Homeland, understandably considered the "Unpromised Land".

During World War II, most of the Top End was placed under military government. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Top End is the second northernmost point on the continent of Australia, behind the Cape York Peninsula. This is the only time since Federation that an Australian state or territory has been under military control. After the war, control for the entire area was handed back to the Commonwealth.

Indigenous Australians had struggled for rights to fair wages and land. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. An important event in this struggle was the strike and walk off by the Gurindji people at Wave Hill Cattle Station in 1966. The Gurindji Strike (or Wave Hill Walk-Off refers to the walk-off and strike by 200 Gurindji Stockmen, house Servants and their families in August Gurindji are a group of Indigenous Australians living in northern Australia 460 km southwest of Katherine in the Northern Territory 's Victoria River Kalkaringi (formerly Wave Hill, also spelt Kalkirindji) is a small township in Northern Territory of Australia. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. The Commonwealth Government of Gough Whitlam set up the Woodward Royal Commission in February 1973 set to inquire into how land rights might be achieved in the Northern Territory. Edward Gough Whitlam, AC, QC (born 11 July 1916 known as Gough Whitlam (ˈɡɒf goff is an Australian former politician and 21st The term Royal Commission may also be used in the United Kingdom to describe the group of Lords Commissioners who may act in the stead of the Justice Woodward's first report in July 1973 recommended that a Central Land Council and a Northern Land Council be established in order to present to him the views of Aboriginal people. The Central Land Council is an Indigenous Land Council that represents the indigenous people of the southern half of the Northern Territory of Australia, predominantly The Northern Land Council (NLC is in the Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia. In response to the report of the Royal Commission a Land Rights Bill was drafted, but the Whitlam Government was dismissed before it was passed.

The Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 was eventually passed by the Fraser Government on 16 December 1976 and began operation on the following Australia Day (26 January 1977). In Australian history, the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory Act established the basis upon which Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory John Malcolm Fraser, AC, CH (born 21 May 1930 is an Australian Liberal politician who was the 22nd Prime Minister of Australia. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays

In 1978 the Territory was granted responsible government, with a Legislative Assembly headed by a Chief Minister. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Responsible government is a conception of a System of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a Legislature, or to one of its chambers. A Chief Minister is the elected Head of government of a sub-national (e

During 1996 the Northern Territory was briefly one of the few places in the world with legal voluntary euthanasia, until the Federal Parliament overturned the legislation[3]. Euthanasia (literally "good death" in Ancient Greek) refers to the practice of ending a life in a painless manner Before the overriding legislation was enacted, three people committed suicide through voluntary euthanasia, a practice orchestrated by Dr Philip Nitschke. Dr Philip Nitschke (born 1947 is an Australian Medical doctor, humanist and founder of the pro- Euthanasia group EXIT.

Government

The legislative assembly building in Darwin.
The legislative assembly building in Darwin. The Northern Territory Legislative Assembly is the Unicameral parliament of the Northern Territory in Australia.
Main article: Government of the Northern Territory

Northern Territory Legislative Assembly

Main article: Northern Territory Legislative Assembly

The Territory has a legislative assembly. The Northern Territory of Australia is governed according to the principles of the Westminster system, a form of parliamentary government based on the model of the The Northern Territory Legislative Assembly is the Unicameral parliament of the Northern Territory in Australia. The Northern Territory Legislative Assembly is the Unicameral parliament of the Northern Territory in Australia. Whilst this assembly exercises similar powers as the governments of the states of Australia, it does so by legislated delegation of powers from the commonwealth government, rather than by any constitutional right.

For several years there has been agitation for full statehood. A referendum was held on the issue in 1998, which was resolved in the negative. Background The territory has a legislative assembly. Whilst this assembly exercises roughly the same powers as the governments of the states of Australia it does so by This was a shock to both the Northern Territory and Commonwealth governments, for opinion polls showed most Territorians supported statehood. However, under the Australian Constitution, the Federal government may set the terms of entry to full statehood. The Northern Territory was offered three Senators, rather than the twelve guaranteed to original states. (Because of the difference in populations, equal numbers of Senate seats would mean a Territorian's vote for a Senator would have been worth more than 30 votes in New South Wales or Victoria. ) Alongside what was cited as an arrogant approach adopted by then Chief Minister Shane Stone, it is believed that most Territorians, regardless of their general views on statehood, were reluctant to adopt the particular offer that was made. Shane Leslie Stone AC, QC is an Australian political figure From 26 May 1995 to 8 February 1999 he was [4]

The current head of government is Chief Minister Paul Henderson, who replaced Claire Martin on 26 November 2007. Paul Raymond Henderson (born 15 August 1962 Australian politician is the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory. Claire Martin is the name of Claire Martin, the Canadian author The leader of the opposition was Denis Burke, head of the Country Liberal Party, until the Territory elections of June 2005, where Burke lost his seat. Denis Gabriel Burke (born 22 September 1948) is an Australian politician The Country Liberal Party (CLP is a Northern Territory political party affiliated with both the Liberal and National parties The party then chose Terry Mills as the new Opposition Leader. Terry Richard Mills (born December 21 1967 in Romulus Michigan) is a retired American professional Basketball player at Subsequently, Jodeen Carney took over for a time. Jodeen Terese Carney (born December 9, 1965) is an Australian politician In January 2008, Terry Mills again became the Opposition Leader. Terry Richard Mills (born December 21 1967 in Romulus Michigan) is a retired American professional Basketball player at

The Territory is represented in the Commonwealth parliament by two members in the House of Representatives, currently Warren Snowdon and Damian Hale for the Australian Labor Party (ALP), and two members in the Senate, currently Trish Crossin for the ALP and Nigel Scullion for the CLP. The Parliament of Australia or Commonwealth Parliament is the legislative branch of government of Australia. Warren Edward Snowdon (born 30 March 1950) is an Australian politician Damian Francis Hale (born 28 December 1969, Ipswich Queensland) is an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives Patricia Margaret "Trish" Crossin (born 21 March 1956) Australian politician has been a member of the Australian Senate for the Nigel Gregory Scullion (born May 4, 1956) Australian politician has been a member of the Australian Senate for the Northern Territory

Northern Territory Legislative Council

Main article: Northern Territory Legislative Council

The Northern Territory Legislative Council was the partly elected governing body of the Northern Territory, Australia from 1947 until its replacement by the fully elected Northern Territory Legislative Assembly in 1974. The Northern Territory Legislative Council was the partly elected governing body of the Northern Territory of Australia from 1947 until its replacement by the fully The Northern Territory Legislative Council was the partly elected governing body of the Northern Territory of Australia from 1947 until its replacement by the fully For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Northern Territory Legislative Assembly is the Unicameral parliament of the Northern Territory in Australia. The total enrolment for the 1947 election was 4443, all of whom were white. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Territory was split into five electorates: Darwin, Alice Springs, Tennant Creek, Batchelor and Stuart.

Chief Minister

See also Chief Minister of the Northern Territory

The Chief Minister of the Northern Territory is the head of government of a self-governing territory, while the head of government of a state is a Premier. In Australia, a Chief Minister is the Head of government of a self-governing territory while the head of government of a state is a Premier In Australia, a Chief Minister is the Head of government of a self-governing territory while the head of government of a state is a Premier A premier is a title for the Head of government in some countries The Chief Minister is appointed by the Administrator of the Northern Territory, who in normal circumstances will appoint the head of whatever party holds the majority of seats in the legislature of the territory. In accordance with the provisions of the Northern Territory (Self-Government Act 1978 ( Cth), the Northern Territory received self-government in 1979 under its own The current Chief Minister of the Northern Territory is Paul Henderson.

Administrator of the Northern Territory

Main article: Administrator of the Northern Territory

The Northern Territory received self-government on 1 July 1978 under its own Administrator of the Northern Territory appointed by the Governor-General of Australia. In accordance with the provisions of the Northern Territory (Self-Government Act 1978 ( Cth), the Northern Territory received self-government in 1979 under its own In accordance with the provisions of the Northern Territory (Self-Government Act 1978 ( Cth), the Northern Territory received self-government in 1979 under its own The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia of the monarch of Australia (currently Elizabeth II Queen of Australia) The Commonwealth government, not the Government of the Northern Territory, advises the governor-general on appointment of the Administrator, but by convention, consults first with the Territory Government. The current Administrator, Mr Tom Pauling, was sworn in on 9 November 2007.

Local Government

Main article: Local Government Areas of the Northern Territory

The Northern Territory has 63 Local Government Areas; though only six councils are considered municipalities which include one shire, three towns and two cities. The Northern Territory has 63 Local Government Areas though only 6 councils are considered municipalities there are other types of local bodies A Local Government Area is an Administrative division of a country that a Local government is responsible for There are other types of local bodies. It is expected that in 2008 rationalisation of the Local Government bodies will occur, with the proposed changes mentioned below.

People

Population growth
estimates for Northern Territory
2006 212,600
2021 308,700[5]
2050 500,000[6]
Source: ABS
Darwin skyline from East Point
Darwin skyline from East Point

The population of the Northern Territory in late 2006 was estimated at 212,600[7] This was an 1. 8% increase from the 2001 Australian Bureau of Statistics report and the population represents 1% of the total population of Australia. The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Australian Bureau of Statistics estimates that by 2021 the Territory's population will increase to around 308,700 people, and by the year 2050 the population would reach 500,000 people. The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. The Northern Territory's population is the youngest in Australia, and has the largest proportion under 15 years of age and the smallest proportion aged 65 and over. The median age of residents of the Northern Territory is 30. 3 years, almost six years younger than the national median age. More than 100 nationalities are represented in the Northern Territory's population, including more than 50 organisations representing different ethnic groups. [8]

More than 54% of Territorians live in Darwin, located in the territory's North (Top End). The Top End is the second northernmost point on the continent of Australia, behind the Cape York Peninsula. The greater Darwin metropolitan area and nearby Palmerston is home to an estimated 111,000 people. Palmerston is a Satellite city in the Northern Territory, Australia. Less than half of the Territory's population live in the rural Northern Territory, other major centres include Alice Springs with a population of 28,000 people. Alice Springs is the second largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia.

The Northern Territory's alcohol consumption rate is one of the highest in the world, and is the highest in Australia. In 2001 the alcohol consumption rate was estimated at 1120 standard drinks per person per year. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A standard drink is a notional drink containing amongst other components a specified amount of alcohol.

Indigenous Australian people make up 31 per cent of the Northern Territory's population and own some 49% of the land. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. The life expectancy of Aboriginal Australians is well below that of non-Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory, a fact that is mirrored elsewhere in Australia. ABS statistics suggest that Indigenous Australians die about 20 years earlier than the average Australian. The cities that make up these populations are, Darwin and nearby with 111,000 and There are Aboriginal communities in many parts of the territory, the largest ones being the Pitjantjatjara near Uluru, the Arrernte near Alice Springs, the Luritja between those two, the Warlpiri further north, and the Yolngu in eastern Arnhem Land. Pitjantjatjara ˈpɪcaɲcacaɾa is the name of both an Aboriginal people of the Central Australian desert and their language (for which see Pitjantjatjara Uluru, also referred to as Ayers Rock, is a large Sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory, Central Australia The Arrernte (also Aranda and Arrarnta) (pronounced UH-rrahn-da are those Indigenous Australians who are the original custodians of Arrernte lands Luritja is a name used to refer to several dialects of the Indigenous Australian Western Desert Language, and thereby also to the people who speak these varieties The Warlpiri are a group of Indigenous Australians, many of whom speak the Warlpiri language. The Arnhem Land Region is one of the five regions of the Northern Territory of Australia.

See also: Australian Aboriginal Prehistoric Sites. Key BGS = Below Ground Surface C14 = Radiocarbon date char = Charcoal OSL = Optical Stimulated Thermoluminescence

Religion

Land Rights

Aboriginal rock art in Kakadu National Park
Aboriginal rock art in Kakadu National Park

The Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 established the basis upon which Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory could, for the first time, claim rights to land based on traditional occupation. Kakadu National Park is in the Northern Territory of Australia, 171 km south-east of Darwin. In Australian history, the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory Act established the basis upon which Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory In effect it allowed title to be transferred for most of the Aboriginal reserve lands and the opportunity to claim other land not owned, leased or being used by someone else.

The Land Councils are representative bodies with statutory authority under the Act. They also have responsibilities under the Native Title Act 1993 and the Pastoral Land Act 1992. The Native Title Act of 1993 provides for determinations of Native title in Australia There are four Land Councils in the Northern Territory, they are:

The Northern Territory Emergency Response provides for the Commonwealth Government to compulsorily acquire five year leases of townships currently held under the title provisions of the Native Title Act 1993 through with compensation on a basis other than just terms. The Northern Territory National Emergency Response (also referred to as "the intervention" is a package of changes to welfare provision law enforcement land tenure and other The Native Title Act of 1993 provides for determinations of Native title in Australia Section 51(xxxi of the Australian Constitution is a subsection of Section 51 of the Australian Constitution providing that the Commonwealth has the power to make (The number of settlements involved remains unclear. )

Education

Primary and secondary

A Northern Territory school education consists of six years of primary schooling, including one transition year, three years of middle schooling, and three years of secondary schooling. In the beginning of 2007, the Northern Territory introduced Middle School for Years 7-9 and High School for Years 10-12. Northern Territory children generally begin school at age five. On completing secondary school, students earn the Northern Territory Certificate of Education (NTCE). The Northern Territory Certificate of Education (NTCE is the credential awarded to High School students who successfully complete senior high school level studies (years 11 Students who successfully complete their secondary education also receive a tertiary entrance ranking, or ENTER score, to determine university admittance. An International Baccalaureate is offered at one school in the Territory - Kormilda College.

Northern Territory schools are either publicly or privately funded. Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Department of Employment, Education and Training[9]. Private fee-paying schools include schools run by the Catholic Church and independent schools, some elite ones similar to English public schools. The term public school has two distinct (and virtually opposite meanings depending on the location of usage in the United States, Australia and Some Northern Territory Independent schools are affiliated with Protestant, Lutheran, Anglican, Greek Orthodox or Seventh-day Adventist churches, but include non church schools and an Indigenous school. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance

As of 2007, the Northern Territory had 150 public schools, 15 Catholic schools and 20 independent schools. 33,000 students were enrolled in public schools, and 3,373 in private schools and 4,684 in catholic schools. The Northern Territory has about 4,000 full-time teachers.

Tertiary

The Northern Territory has one university. This is a list of universities and other Higher education institutions in Australia. The Charles Darwin University enrolled its first student in 1987. Charles Darwin University is an Australian public University with around 20098 Higher education students studying as of 2007 Today Charles Darwin University has 19,000 students enrolled. Charles Darwin University is an Australian public University with around 20098 Higher education students studying as of 2007 The Northern Territory also has two government run TAFE institutes. Technical and Further Education or TAFE (pronounced) institutions provide a wide range of predominantly vocational tertiary education courses in Australia The first tertiary institution in the territory was the Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education (established in mid 1960s). Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education (generally known as Batchelor Institute and formerly known as Batchelor College provides Vocational education

Libraries

The Northern Territory State Library is the Territory's research and reference library. The Northern Territory Library is a large public library owned by the Northern Territory Government, Australia It is responsible for collecting and preserving the Northern Territory documentary heritage and making it available through a range of programs and services. Material in the collection includes books, newspapers, magazines, journals, manuscripts, maps, pictures, objects, sound and video recordings and databases.

Geography

Main article: Geography of the Northern Territory
Northern Territory towns, settlements and road network
Northern Territory towns, settlements and road network

There are many very small settlements scattered across the Territory but the larger population centres are located on the single sealed road that links Darwin to southern Australia, the Stuart Highway, known to locals simply as "the track". The Northern Territory occupies the north central part of the continent of Australia. Northern Territory is the most sparsely populated state or territory in Australia The Stuart Highway is one of Australia 's major highways it is part of Australia's Highway 1, and Australia's National Highway

The Northern Territory is also home to two spectacular natural rock formations, Uluru (Ayers Rock) and Kata Tjuta (The Olgas), which are sacred to the local Aboriginal peoples and which have become major tourist attractions. Uluru, also referred to as Ayers Rock, is a large Sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory, Central Australia Kata Tjuta, sometimes written Kata Tjuta, and also known as Mount Olga (or colloquially as The Olgas) are a group of large domed rock formations

In the northern part of the territory lies Kakadu National Park, which features breathtaking wetlands and native wildlife. Kakadu National Park is in the Northern Territory of Australia, 171 km south-east of Darwin. To the north of that lies the Arafura Sea, and to the east lies Arnhem Land, whose regional centre is Maningrida on the Liverpool River delta. The Arafura Sea is west of the Pacific Ocean overlying the Continental shelf between Australia and New Guinea. The Arnhem Land Region is one of the five regions of the Northern Territory of Australia. Maningrida is a self-governing indigenous community in the heart of the Arnhem Land region of Australia 's Northern Territory. There is an extensive series of river systems in the Northern Territory these rivers include: Alligator River, Daly River, Finke River, McArthur River, Roper River, Todd River and Victoria River. Daly River is the name of a river and a town in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Finke River is one of the largest rivers in central Australia. The McArthur River is a river in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Roper River (named after John Roper is one of the largest rivers in the Northern Territory, Australia, extending east for over 500 km to meet the sea in The Todd River is an ephemeral river in the southern Northern Territory, central Australia. Victoria River is a river in the Northern Territory. Flowing for 560 kilometres (348 mi until it enters Joseph Bonaparte Gulf in the Timor Sea, the Victoria

The Territory's symbols include the Sturt's Desert Rose (state flower), Red Kangaroo (state animal) and the Wedge-tailed Eagle (state bird). The Red Kangaroo ( Macropus rufus) is the largest of all Kangaroos the largest Mammal native to Australia, and the largest surviving

Tourism

Tourism is one of the major industries on the Northern Territory. Iconic destinations such as Uluru and Kakadu make the Northern Territory a popular destination for domestic and international travellers. Uluru, also referred to as Ayers Rock, is a large Sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory, Central Australia Diverse landscapes, spectacular waterfalls, wide open spaces, aboriginal culture, wild and untamed wildlife, all create a unique opportunity for the visitor to immerse themselves in the natural wonder that the Northern Territory offers. Images of Uluru (Ayers Rock) are recognised around the world ensuring that Tourism in the Northern Territory will remain a vital component of its future. In 2005/06, 1. 38 million people visited the Northern Territory. They stayed for 9. 2 million nights and spent over $1. 5 billion.

National parks

Main article: protected areas of the Northern Territory (Australia)
Mount Sonder, the second highest mountain in the Northern Territory after nearby Mount Zeil, in West MacDonnell National Park
Mount Sonder, the second highest mountain in the Northern Territory after nearby Mount Zeil, in West MacDonnell National Park
Nourlangie Rock in Kakadu National Park
Nourlangie Rock in Kakadu National Park
Uluru, (Ayers Rock) one of the most well known images of the Northern Territory
Uluru, (Ayers Rock) one of the most well known images of the Northern Territory
The Ranger Mine
The Ranger Mine

Economy

Mining in the Northern Territory contributes around $2. The Northern Territory contains 95 separate Protected Areas with a total area of 53505 km² (land area 51269 km² – 3 Mount Sonder, or Rwetyepme, its Aboriginal name is the second highest Mountain in the Northern Territory, Australia at 1380 metres Mount Zeil (1531 m / 5023 ft is a Mountain situated in the western MacDonnell Ranges, is the highest peak in Australia's Northern Territory West MacDonnell is a national park in the Northern Territory ( Australia) 1234 km south of Darwin. Kakadu National Park is in the Northern Territory of Australia, 171 km south-east of Darwin. The Arnhem Land Region is one of the five regions of the Northern Territory of Australia. Barranyi (North Island National Park is in the Gulf of Carpentaria in the Northern Territory of Australia, 737 km southeast of Darwin. Casuarina is one of the northern suburbs of Darwin Northern Territory, Australia. Daly River is the name of a river and a town in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve is located south of Tennant Creek area of Northern Territory in Australia. Djukbinj is a national park in the Northern Territory ( Australia) 59 km northeast of Darwin. Elsey is a national park in the Northern Territory ( Australia) 378 km southeast of Darwin. Finke Gorge is a National park in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1318 km south of Darwin. Gregory is a national park in the Northern Territory ( Australia) 359 km south of Darwin. Garig Gunak Barlu is a national park on the Cobourg Peninsula in the Northern Territory ( Australia) 216 km northeast of Darwin. Howard Springs is a 283ha (699 acre nature park located 35km south of Darwin Northern Territory. Kakadu National Park is in the Northern Territory of Australia, 171 km south-east of Darwin. Keep River National Park is in the Northern Territory of Australia, 418 km southwest of Darwin and 468 km west of Katherine. Watarrka is a national park in the Northern Territory ( Australia) 1316 km south of Darwin and 323 km southwest of Alice Springs. Kings Canyon is part of the Watarrka National Park in Northern Territory, Australia. Litchfield National Park, covering approximately 1500 km² is near the township of Batchelor, 100km south-west of Darwin, in the Northern Territory of The Mary River flows in the Northern Territory of Australia and is a site of the Mary River National Park Mary River is a proposed national park in the Northern Territory ( Australia) Mataranka is a community of approximately 400 in the Top End region of Australia 's Northern Territory. Nitmiluk National Park which is in the Northern Territory of Australia, 244 km southeast of Darwin, has been established around a series of gorges on the Nitmiluk National Park which is in the Northern Territory of Australia, 244 km southeast of Darwin, has been established around a series of gorges on the Palm Valley, within the Finke Gorge National Park, is an east-west running valley in the Krichauff Range 123 km (138 km by road southwest of Alice Springs in the The Tanami Desert is a Desert in northern Australia situated in the Northern Territory. Kata Tjuta, sometimes written Kata Tjuta, and also known as Mount Olga (or colloquially as The Olgas) are a group of large domed rock formations Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park is UNESCO World Heritage-listed in the Northern Territory of Australia. Watarrka is a national park in the Northern Territory ( Australia) 1316 km south of Darwin and 323 km southwest of Alice Springs. West MacDonnell is a national park in the Northern Territory ( Australia) 1234 km south of Darwin. Uluru, also referred to as Ayers Rock, is a large Sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory, Central Australia The Ranger uranium mine is surrounded by Kakadu National Park, in the Northern Territory of Australia, 230 km east of Darwin. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body 5 billion to the gross state product and employs 4,600 people. The Northern Territory mining industry is concentrated on energy producing minerals, petroleum and energy. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit In Physics and other Sciences energy (from the Greek grc ἐνέργεια - Energeia, "activity operation" from grc ἐνεργός The Northern Territory's economy comprises mostly primary extractive industries, together with a significant amount of tourism. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel

The principal mining operations are:

Newly developed mines include:

The Ghan, which runs across the Territory from north to south, in Alice Springs.
The Ghan, which runs across the Territory from north to south, in Alice Springs. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Bauxite is the most important Aluminium Ore. It consists largely of the minerals Gibbsite Al(OH3 Boehmite γ-AlO(OH and The Gove Peninsula ( is at the northeastern corner of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Groote Eylandt is the largest island in the Gulf of Carpentaria in northeastern Australia. Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the The Ranger uranium mine is surrounded by Kakadu National Park, in the Northern Territory of Australia, 230 km east of Darwin. Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Alice Springs is the second largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia.

Transport

Northern Territory is the most sparsely populated state or territory in Australia. Despite its sparse population there is a network of sealed roads connecting the major population centres, the neighboring states, and some other centres such as Uluru (Ayers Rock), Kakadu and Litchfield National Parks. The Kakadu Highway is 209 kilometres long and extends from Pine Creek to Jabiru, entering Kakadu National Park as the highway crosses the Mary The Stuart Highway, known as "The Track", runs north to south, connecting Darwin and Alice Springs to Adelaide. The Stuart Highway is one of Australia 's major highways it is part of Australia's Highway 1, and Australia's National Highway Alice Springs is the second largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a Some of the sealed roads are single lane bitumen. Many unsealed (dirt) roads connect the remoter settlements.

The Adelaide-Darwin Railway, a new standard gauge railway, connects Adelaide via Alice Springs with Darwin; replacing earlier narrow gauge railways which only went north as far as Alice Springs. The Adelaide - Darwin railway is north-south transcontinental railway in Australia between the cities of Adelaide, South Australia and Darwin, Northern The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a Alice Springs is the second largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia. A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a Railway that has a Track gauge narrower than the of Standard gauge railways

The Northern Territory was one of the few remaining places in the world with no speed restrictions on public roads. From 1 January 2007 a default speed limit of 110km/h applies on roads outside of urban areas (Inside urban areas of 40, 50 or 60km/h). New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Speeds of up to 130km/h are permitted on some major highways, such as the Stuart Highway[10].

As of June 2007 however road deaths are up 28. 6 per cent on last year. The road toll has also increased, by 35. 7 per cent. [11]

Darwin Airport is the major domestic and international airport for the Territory. Darwin International Airport is the busiest airport serving the Northern Territory and the tenth busiest airport in Australia. A number of smaller airports are also scattered throughout the Territory and are served by smaller airlines; including Alice Springs Airport, Connellan Airport near Uluru and Tennant Creek Airport. Alice Springs Airport is a small regional airport 14 kilometres south of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. Ayers Rock Airport (also known as Connellan Airport) is situated around 463 km (5 hrs drive away from Alice Springs, Northern Territory, and 20 minutes Tennant Creek Airport is a small regional airport located near Tennant Creek, Northern Territory, Australia.

Climate

Average monthly maximum
temperature in Northern Territory
Month Darwin Alice Springs
January 31. 8 °C 36. 3 °C
February 31. 4 °C 35. 1 °C
March 31. 9 °C 32. 7 °C
April 32. 7 °C 28. 2 °C
May 32. 0 °C 23. 0 °C
June 30. 6 °C 19. 8 °C
July 30. 5 °C 19. 7 °C
August 31. 3 °C 22. 6 °C
September 32. 5 °C 27. 1 °C
October 33. 2 °C 30. 9 °C
November 33. 2 °C 33. 7 °C
December 33. 6 °C 35. 4 °C
Source: Bureau of Meteorology

The Northern Territory has two distinctive climate zones. The northern end, including Darwin has a tropical climate with high humidity and two seasons, the wet (November to April) and dry season (May to October), and Central Australia has a desert climate.

Darwin has a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry season runs from May to September (the southern hemisphere winter), during which nearly every day is warm and sunny, and afternoon humidity averages around 30%. There is very little rainfall between May and September. In the coolest months of June and July, the daily minimum temperature may dip as low as 14°C, but very rarely lower, and frost has never been recorded.

The wet season is associated with tropical cyclones and monsoon rains. A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding The majority of rainfall occurs between December and March (the southern hemisphere summer), when thunderstorms are common and afternoon relative humidity averages over 70% during the wettest months. On average more than 1570 mm falls in the North. While Central Australia receives less than 250mm a year.

The central region is the desert centre of the country, which includes Alice Springs and Ayers Rock, and is semi-arid with little rain usually falling during the hottest months from October to March. Alice Springs is the second largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Uluru, also referred to as Ayers Rock, is a large Sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory, Central Australia A Semi-arid climate or steppe climate generally describes climatic regions that receive low annual Rainfall (250-500 mm or 10-20 in

Highest maximum temperature: 48. 3 °C (118. 9 °F), Finke, 2 January 1960

Lowest minimum temperature: -7. Aputula ( is a remote Indigenous Australian community in the Northern Territory of Australia. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 5 °C (18. 5 °F), Alice Springs, 12 July 1976[12]. Alice Springs is the second largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Media

Telecommunication technologies

There have been a number of programmes/strategies implemented, and articles written that highlight the need for an upgrade of the telecommunications infrastructure in the Northern Territory. Northern Territory News is a morning Tabloid Newspaper based in Darwin, Australia. ABC Television is a service of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation launched in 1956 ABC Local Radio is a network of publicly owned Radio stations in Australia, operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. To provide high speed broadband technologies, to all residents of the Northern Territory. Especially the disadvantaged Indigenous residents of remote communities.

  1. One such the programme was undertaken by Perry Morrison and published in Urban Studies in 2000. It was entitled “A Pilot Implementation of Internet Access for Remote Aboriginal Communities in the ‘Top End ‘of Australia. The Top End is the second northernmost point on the continent of Australia, behind the Cape York Peninsula. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Which involved implementing an internet and email access programmes, to the four remote aboriginal communities of Milikapiti, Port Keats (Karudu Numida), Titjikala and Pirlangimpi. The overall project was a success; however it did expose some areas of concern, such as the lack line of quality in numerous communities throughout the Territory. This resulted in an inability to provide internet services to these communities. An Upgrade in telecommunications infrastructure was thought to be the answer to resolve this issue.
  2. A letter sent to the Australian House of Representatives Communications, Information Technologies and the Arts Committee by Minister of Corporate and Information Services Peter Toyne on the 18 June 2002. The House of Representatives is one of the two houses (chambers of the Parliament of Australia; it is the Lower house, the Upper house being the Senate Dr Peter Howard Toyne (born 1946) is a former Australian politician Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Inquiring into the opportunity of providing wireless Broadband Technologies to all Territorians. Highlighting the high cost of expanding the existing terrestrial ADSL Broadband infrastructure (particularly in remote areas) Compared to the fast and cheaper alternative of a wireless network. However if to be consider viable the wireless technology, would have to be proven to be reliable and affordable to all Australians.
  3. In addition to the letter of 2002 by Peter Toyne. Dr Peter Howard Toyne (born 1946) is a former Australian politician The Remote Areas Telecommunications Strategy for 2003-2008 was commended to the Commonwealth Government. By the Minister for Communications Dr Peter Toyne of the Northern Territory Government. It focuses on delivering better telecommunication services to the indigenous residents of remote communities. While also making such telecommunication services reliable and affordable, so that all Territorians have the ability and opportunity to partake in the information age. The government hopes to achieve these goals through the following strategies

4. An article in the N. T Business review dated 13 December 2007 by Anastasia Govan. Entitled “Broadband debate the key to NT’s future”. In which Govan writes ” Despite all the noise about broadband during the weeks of the recent federal election, high speed telecommunications remain an elusive pipe dream for most of the Northern Territory” (2007 p. 007) Broadband debate key to NT’s future . The article addresses the fact that the residents of remote Territory communities (most of whom are indigenous Australians) have little or no ability to access basic internet services. Such internet services are readily available in other states and taken for granted by most Australians. The gap in the quality of telecommunication services provided to the remote communities (if any in some cases), compared to the standard provided

In metropolitan areas of Australia is only getting bigger. To rectify this problem a strategy utilising both optical and wireless technologies is needed. To delivery these high speed broadband services to all Australians. As Govan (2007 p. 007) (Broadband key to NT’s future) states “This issue must be addressed in the next six to two months if we are to maintain our global Competitiveness”. Australian’s reputation as a nation of innovators and problem solvers is in peril, unless changes to telecommunication infrastructure are created and implemented.

References

  1. ^ Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2006-07
  2. ^ Northern Territory ABS statistics, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3101.0/
  3. ^ Federal Parliament NT Legislation, http://www.nt.gov.au/lant/parliament/committees/rotti/parldebate.shtml
  4. ^ ABC Lateline Discussion [Current Affairs]. Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  5. ^ 3222.7 - Population Projections, Northern Territory, 1999 to 2021. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001-07-25). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler
  6. ^ Northern Territory Government (2005-10-13). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees "Working To Grow The Territory Population". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News
  7. ^ 3101.0 - Australian Demographic Statistics, Jun 2007. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2007-12-04). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song.
  8. ^ Our Different Cultures. Northern Territory Government (2007-06-14). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the
  9. ^ Department of Employment, Education and Training, http://www.deet.nt.gov.au/education/
  10. ^ Speed limit introduced Northern Territory Introduces Speed Limits. CarAdvice. com. au (2006-11-04). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
  11. ^ “Monthly Bulletin”, Road Deaths Australia (Australian Transport Safety Bureau): 2, 2007-06-12, ISSN 1449-1168, <http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/2007/pdf/mrf062007.pdf> 
  12. ^ World Extremes, http://members.iinet.net.au/~jacob/worldtp.html

See also

External links


Dictionary

Northern Territory

-proper noun

  1. Territory in northern Australia which has Darwin as its capital.
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