| Region (landsdel) of | Norway (Norge) |
| Capital | [[Tromsø, Bodø, Vadsø]] |
| Area | 112,951 km² |
| Population | 462,908 (2002) |
| ~ density | 2,66 inh. Norway is divided into five major regions ( landsdeler) which consist of counties as follows Northern Norway Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional ( Romsa in Northern Sami, Tromssa in Kven and Finnish) is a city and municipality in the county of Troms, Bodø is a city and municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway ( Čáhcesuolu in Northern Sami, Vesisaari in Finnish) is a city and municipality in the county of Finnmark, Norway. /km² |
| 3 counties (fylker): | Nordland Troms Finnmark |
| Website | ' |
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North Norway (Norwegian: Nord-Norge (Bokmål) or Nord-Noreg (Nynorsk)) is the geographical region of northern Norway, consisting of the three counties Nordland, Troms and Finnmark, in total about 35% of the Norwegian mainland. ||-||} Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties ( Norwegian: singular fylke, plural fylker ( Bokmål Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language Bokmål (lit "book language" or Dano-Norwegian is the most commonly used of the two official Norwegian written Standard languages the other Nynorsk (literally "New Norwegian" is one of the two official Norwegian Standard languages the other being Bokmål. Norway is divided into five major regions ( landsdeler) which consist of counties as follows Northern Norway Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional is a county in Norway, bordering Troms in the north Nord-Trøndelag in the south Norrbottens län in Sweden to the east Västerbottens or Romsa ( Sami language) is a county in North Norway, bordering Finnmark to the northeast and Nordland in the southwest or Finnmárku ( Sami language) is a county in the extreme northeast of Norway. Some of the largest towns in North Norway (from south to north) are Mosjøen, Mo i Rana, Bodø, Narvik, Harstad, Tromsø, Alta and Hammerfest. is a town in the municipality of Vefsn in Nordland county Norway. Mo i Rana is a town in the municipality of Rana, Nordland, Norway, located just south of the Arctic Circle. Bodø is a city and municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway Narvik ( Northern Sami: Narviika) is a town and municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway is a city and municipality in Norway, and it is located approximately 250 km (150 mi north of the Arctic Circle. ( Romsa in Northern Sami, Tromssa in Kven and Finnish) is a city and municipality in the county of Troms, ( Áltá or formerly Álaheadju in Northern Sami, Alattio or Alta in Finnish / Kven) is a municipality and town in the county is a city and municipality in the county of Finnmark, Norway.
The region is multi-cultural – housing not just Norwegians – but also the indigenous Sami people, the Norwegian Finns (known as Kvens) and Russian populations. Norwegians See also History of Norway and Demography of Norway. The term Indigenous Peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any Ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical The Sami people are the Indigenous people of northern Europe inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of northern Sweden, Norway The terms Finns and Finnish people ( Finnish: suomalaiset, Swedish: finländare) are used in English to Kvens ( kveeni in Kven language / Finnish; kvener in Norwegian, and láddelažžat in Northern Sami The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries The Norwegian language dominates in most of the area; Sami inhabitants are mainly found in inner parts and some of the fjord areas of Finnmark. Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language Finnish is spoken in only a few communities in the east of Finnmark. North Norway is often described as the land of the midnight sun in summer. The midnight sun is a phenomenon occurring in Latitudes north and nearby to the south of the Arctic Circle and south and nearby to the north of the
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Geography
North Norway covers about a third of Norway. The southernmost part, roughly the part south of the Arctic Circle, is called Helgeland. The Arctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. This article is about the landscape in Norway For the article about the island Helgoland in Germany see Helgoland. Here there is a multitude of islands and skerries on the outside of the coastal range, some flat, some with impressive shapes, like Mount Torghatten, which has a hole right through it, and the Seven Sisters near Sandnessjøen. Torghatten is a mountain on Torget island in Brønnøy municipality in Norway. De syv søstre (The Seven Sisters is a Mountain range on the island of Alsten in Norway. Sandnessjøen is the centre of the municipality of Alstahaug in the county of Nordland, Norway, with a population of 5716 The inland is covered with dense spruce forests and mountains near the Swedish border; some of the biggest rivers in the region are the Vefsna and the Rana. Norway Spruce ( Picea abies) is a species of Spruce native to Europe. The Vefsna is the largest river in Nordland county Norway. It is 163 km long and drains a watershed of 4122 km² The highest mountain in Northern Norway is found here in the Okstindan range south of Mo i Rana with Oksskolten reaching 1,915 m above sea level, and with the glacier Okstindbreen. Okstindan is a Mountain range which lies in inner Helgeland, Hemnes municipality Nordland. Mo i Rana is a town in the municipality of Rana, Nordland, Norway, located just south of the Arctic Circle. Oksskolten (lit Bulls Head) is a mountain in Hemnes, Nordland, Norway. Okstindbreen is the eighth largest Glacier in mainland Norway, and lies in the mountain range Okstindan.
The Saltfjellet range, with its Svartisen glacier and intersecting Arctic Circle, divides Helgeland from the next region, called Salten. Saltfjellet (lit The Salt Mountain) is a Mountain area in Nordland, Norway that separates the two regions of Helgeland and Salten Svartisen is a collective term for two Glaciers located in northern Norway. Salten is a district in Nordland in North Norway, consisting of the municipalities Meløy, Gildeskål, Bodø, Beiarn Notable peaks in Salten are the Børvasstindan south of Bodø, the Steigartindan, the phallic Hamarøytinden and the most spectacular of them all, Stetinden, that looms over the Tysfjord, bordering the Ofoten landscape. Bodø is a city and municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway Tysfjord ( Norwegian) or Divtasvuodna ( Lule Sami) is a municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway Ofoten is a district in North Norway, consisting of the municipalities Tysfjord, Ballangen, Evenes, Tjeldsund, Narvik Between Saltfjellet and eastern Finnmark, all Norwegian spruce trees have traditionally been hand planted and are mostly privately owned.
Lofoten is a chain of peaks that jut out of the ocean. Senja is the second largest island in Norway (not counting Spitsbergen) Lofoten is an Archipelago and a traditional district in the county of Nordland, Norway. From the mainland side it looks very barren, but behind the violet-black peaks there are also flatlands with good grazing for sheep, partially on soil made from seaweed. Seaweed is a loose colloquial term encompassing macroscopic Multicellular, benthic marine Algae. The Vesterålen islands consist of smaller and bigger islands with a huge variation of landscape. Vesterålen is a district in the county Nordland in Norway, just north of Lofoten. Ofoten, further inland, is a fjord landscape with high mountains, the highest is Storsteinfjellet in Narvik, 1,894 m above sea level, and there are also glaciers, like Frostisen and Blåisen. Ofoten is a district in North Norway, consisting of the municipalities Tysfjord, Ballangen, Evenes, Tjeldsund, Narvik The Glacier Frostisen is one of the larger plateau glaciers in Norway
Troms county has surprising greenery for the latitude, and the inner waterways and fjords are lined with birch forests, and further inland there are pine forests and highlands around the rivers Målselv and Reisa. or Romsa ( Sami language) is a county in North Norway, bordering Finnmark to the northeast and Nordland in the southwest Målselv is a municipality in the county of Troms, Norway. Målselv was separated from Lenvik 1849 Big islands like Senja, Kvaløya and Ringvassøya have green, forested interiors and a barren, mountainous coastline, with smaller islands offshore. Senja is the second largest island in Norway (not counting Spitsbergen) Ringvassøya ( Ráneš in Sami language) is a large island in Troms county Norway. The Lyngen Alps are the highest mountains of the area, rising to 1,833 metres, an area of glaciers and waterfalls. The Lyngen Alps is a mountain range in northeastern Troms, North Norway, east of Tromsø. The waterfall of Mollisfossen in Nordreisa, at 269 metres, is the highest waterfall in the north. Nordreisa is a municipality in the county of Troms Norway. Nordreisa was separated from Skjervøy January 1 1886
Finnmark county has fjords and glaciers in the far southwest, and the northwestern coasts are characterized by big islands, like Sørøya and Seiland. or Finnmárku ( Sami language) is a county in the extreme northeast of Norway. Sørøya is a large Island in western Finnmark, Norway. It is Norway's fourth largest island in terms of area, and is divided between the municipalities Seiland ( Sami: Sievju is an island in the southwest of Hammerfest in Finnmark county The inland is covered by Finnmarksvidda a plateau about 300-400 metres high, with bush vegetation and the rivers of Alta-Kautokeino and Tana/Deatnu. Finnmarksvidda (the Finnmark plateau Finnmark highland is Norway 's largest mountain plateau with an area greater than 22000 km² Even at this latitude, pockets of pine forests manage to survive, notably in Alta, Karasjok, Porsanger and Sør-Varanger. ( Áltá or formerly Álaheadju in Northern Sami, Alattio or Alta in Finnish / Kven) is a municipality and town in the county Porsanger ( Norwegian) or Porsáŋgu ( Northern Sami) or Porsanki ( Kven / Finnish) is a municipality in the Sør-Varanger (North Sámi: Máttá-Várjjat) is a municipality in the county of Finnmark Norway. East of Honningsvåg, there are no islands protecting the barren coasts that rise directly up from the sea. The landscape towards the Russian border is comparatively flat. Knivskjellodden on the island of Magerøya marks the northern end of Europe; tourism is directed to the slightly more southern, but much more accessible North Cape, whereas Kinnarodden on the Nordkyn peninsula is the northernmost point of Europe's mainland. Knivskjellodden, located in the municipality of Nordkapp in Norway is the northernmost point of the island Magerøya, and is sometimes considered Magerøya is an Island in Finnmark county in the extreme north of Norway, in the community of Nordkapp. For other uses see North Cape. North Cape (Norwegian Nordkapp) is a cape on the island of Magerøya in northern Cape Nordkinn (also called Kinnarodden) at is the northernmost point of mainland Norway, and hence the northernmost point of mainland Europe Cape Nordkinn (also called Kinnarodden) at is the northernmost point of mainland Norway, and hence the northernmost point of mainland Europe
History
The oldest culture in the area is called Komsa, named after a mountain in Alta. ( Áltá or formerly Álaheadju in Northern Sami, Alattio or Alta in Finnish / Kven) is a municipality and town in the county The first people possibly came around 12-13,000 years ago, but it is uncertain whether they came from southern Norway or from the Kola Peninsula. The Kola Peninsula (from Sami language Guoládat) (Кольский полуостров Kol'skij poluostrov) is a Peninsula in the far Today the rock carvings at Hjemmeluft in Alta or at Leknes in Nordland are among the remainders of the Stone Age cultures, showing reindeer swimming across the fjords. Petroglyphs are Images created by removing part of a rock surface by incising pecking carving and abrading is a town and administrative centre of municipality Vestvågøy (10764 inhabitants - the most populated municipality in Lofoten and Vesterålen) in the A significant find area is between the river Tana and the fjord of Varanger, where the reindeer probably ran over the isthmus on the way between the winter and summer grazing. However, we do not know the ethnic identity of the Stone Age cultures. Metals were introduced around 500 BC or possibly somewhat earlier.
The oldest culture present today is the Sami culture, that we can trace back at least 2,000 years. The Sami people are the Indigenous people of northern Europe inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of northern Sweden, Norway They were accompanied by people of Germanic origin around 200-300 AD, that settled along the coasts roughly up to Tromsø. The two ethnic groups traded with each other, and there seems to have been quite a lot of intermarriage. The nature of the co-existence is still being hotly debated.
In the Viking age, several chieftains along the coast played a significant role in Norwegian history, usually resisting unification of Norway. Among the well known you find Hårek from Tjøtta and Tore Hund, who killed Saint Olav at the Battle of Stiklestad in 1030. Tore Hund ( Modern Norwegian) or Þórir hundr ( Old Norse) ("Tore the Dog" (ca The Battle of Stiklestad ( Old Norse Stiklarstaðir) in 1030 is one of the most famous battles in the history of Norway. The chieftain and poet Øyvind Skaldespiller was the first to receive international acclaim, as his poems were rewarded when the Icelandic parliament organized a money collection to buy him a thick ring of gold. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( This flourishing period of resistance was followed by a take-over from the south, reducing the might and wealth of the chieftains.
In the middle ages, churches were built along the coast. By 1150, Lenvik was the northernmost. Lenvik is a municipality in the county of Troms, Norway. Lenvik was established as a municipality January 1 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt In 1252 the first church was built in Tromsø, adding it to Norway. ( Romsa in Northern Sami, Tromssa in Kven and Finnish) is a city and municipality in the county of Troms, Finally in 1307 the Vardø church was built, clearly establishing that this was part of Norway. This was accompanied by the building of a fortress. At roughly the same time, the cod fishing gained momentum. Dried cod was exported through Bergen to the whole Hanseatic world, bringing prosperity to the north. is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell This is reflected in the numerous pieces of imported church art from the late middle ages. There were numerous wars with the republic of Novgorod in Russia at the time, that stopped by the late 15th century. Veliky Novgorod (Вели́кий Но́вгород is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod
Reduced fish prices in the 17th century led to a significant decline in the population. Large coastal areas were depopulated, and Sami culture made a comeback, as it was less dependent on fish exports. After 1700, the Russians started to come every summer on trading expeditions, bringing rye in exchange for fish. In the 1740s the first settlers from Finland, escaping hunger and war, came. In 1789, the trade monopoly of the city of Bergen was lifted, and Hammerfest and Vardø were issued their city charters, and Tromsø followed suit in 1794. is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell is a city and municipality in the county of Finnmark, Norway. (Vuoreija Vuorea Várggát is a town and municipality in the county of Finnmark in the extreme northeast of Norway. ( Romsa in Northern Sami, Tromssa in Kven and Finnish) is a city and municipality in the county of Troms, Interrupted by the British blockade of the Napoleonic wars, this introduced a period of unprecedented growth in the north. Bodø was founded in 1816, and Vadsø in 1833. Bodø is a city and municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway ( Čáhcesuolu in Northern Sami, Vesisaari in Finnish) is a city and municipality in the county of Finnmark, Norway. The Hurtigruten shipping line, introduced in 1893, gave quicker communications with the south. Hurtigruten or Hurtigruta (literally "Express Route" but sometimes referred to as Norwegian Coastal Express in English is a Norwegian Passenger In 1906, the iron mines in Kirkenes opened. ( Finnish: Kirkkoniemi, Sámi: Girkonjárga) is the centre of the municipality of Sør-Varanger in Finnmark county Norway
At the same time, the ethnic diversity of the area came under threat. All the progress within fishing and agriculture was introduced by Norwegians, making Sami and Finnish ways less attractive. The Sami people are the Indigenous people of northern Europe inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of northern Sweden, Norway Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. In schools, only Norwegian was promoted, and from around 1900, the Norwegian authorities were very insistent that all should speak Norwegian only. From now on, the Sami language was not used in schools, churches and in public administration. Settlers on state lands in Finnmark had to prove they could speak Norwegian before they were allowed to settle.
This region of Norway was the area most affected by World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1940, the Allies and the Germans fought over the strategic port for iron exports of Narvik. Narvik ( Northern Sami: Narviika) is a town and municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway King Haakon VII and the government fled towards the north, and stayed in the Tromsø area for three weeks. Haakon VII (Prince Carl of Denmark born Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel) (3 August 1872 in Charlottenlund 21 September 1957 in Oslo) On May 27, Bodø was bombed by German planes, and on June 7, the Allies retreated from the North, forcing the King and government to flee to Britain from Tromsø. Bodø is a city and municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway
In 1944, the German Wehrmacht started to retreat from the Murmansk front. Murmansk (Му́рманск Murmanska Muurman is a city and Seaport in the extreme northwest part of Russia, on the Kola Bay, 12 km They burned everything after them in the area between the Russian border and the Lyngen fjord, as part of their tactics. Lyngen (Ivggu suohkan or Ivgu, Yykeän komuuni is a municipality (and a Fjord) in the county of Troms, Norway. The population was forcibly evacuated, although a third of them chose to hide in the wilderness instead. All who were found where shot.
After WW II, reconstruction was on the agenda. Norway made a huge effort to rebuild the destroyed towns and villages. Also, modernizing fishing and agriculture was important, as Northern Norway was considerably poorer and less developed than the south. In 1946 the huge steel works of Mo i Rana were founded, heralding industrialization of the north. Mo i Rana is a town in the municipality of Rana, Nordland, Norway, located just south of the Arctic Circle.
Communications were also improved, as airports were built throughout the area, notably in Bodø 1952 and Tromsø in 1964. The train network was extended to reach Bodø in 1961. Bodø is a city and municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway In 1972, the University of Tromsø opened, accompanied by a number of colleges, notably in Bodø, Alta, Harstad and Narvik. The University of Tromsø ( Norwegian: Universitetet i Tromsø) is the world's northernmost University. Bodø is a city and municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway ( Áltá or formerly Álaheadju in Northern Sami, Alattio or Alta in Finnish / Kven) is a municipality and town in the county is a city and municipality in Norway, and it is located approximately 250 km (150 mi north of the Arctic Circle. Narvik ( Northern Sami: Narviika) is a town and municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway In 1972 and 1994, the strong anti-EU movements of the north were instrumental when Norway voted against EU membership in referendums.
The tide has also turned for the Sami population of the north. The Sami people are the Indigenous people of northern Europe inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of northern Sweden, Norway Sami-language instruction was introduced in schools in the 1970s. In 1979, the building of a hydro-electric dam in Alta caused huge demonstrations, giving the Sami question national attention for virtually the first time. ( Áltá or formerly Álaheadju in Northern Sami, Alattio or Alta in Finnish / Kven) is a municipality and town in the county The result was a significant effort by the authorities to promote Sami language and culture. Sami or Saami is a general name for a group of Finnic languages spoken by the Sami people in parts of northern Finland, Norway In 1989, the Norwegian Sami parliament, Samediggi, opened, and the Law of Finnmark of 2005 dealt with the land question. The Sami Parliaments ( Sámediggi in Northern Sami, Sämitigge in Inari Sami, Sää´mte´ǧǧ in Skolt
Working against all this, emigration to the south has been strong after World War II, and today Oslo is Norway's biggest city. The population is slowly declining in the north, although the regional centres of Bodø, Tromsø and Alta continue to grow. Bodø is a city and municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway ( Romsa in Northern Sami, Tromssa in Kven and Finnish) is a city and municipality in the county of Troms, ( Áltá or formerly Álaheadju in Northern Sami, Alattio or Alta in Finnish / Kven) is a municipality and town in the county Lately, the off-shore gas field of Snøhvit, off Hammerfest, has brought hopes of new development in the north, and the population of the north hopes that oil and gas might give new optimism. Snøhvit is the name of a Natural gas field in the Barents Sea, situated 140 km northwest of Hammerfest, Norway. is a city and municipality in the county of Finnmark, Norway.
Languages
The Northern Norwegian dialects share a common, musical intonation, different from the southern dialects of Norway. Apart from this, there is great variation in sound system, grammar and vocabulary. In general, one can say that the southernmost of the northern dialects, particularly in Helgeland and Salten, are the most distinct. Notably they cut grammar endings (like French relative to Italian). Further north, the dialects are somewhat more in line with standard written Norwegian (Bokmål, Nynorsk). Bokmål (lit "book language" or Dano-Norwegian is the most commonly used of the two official Norwegian written Standard languages the other Nynorsk (literally "New Norwegian" is one of the two official Norwegian Standard languages the other being Bokmål. In some inland valleys in the county of Troms, settlers from the inland of Southern Norway immigrated 200 years ago. or Romsa ( Sami language) is a county in North Norway, bordering Finnmark to the northeast and Nordland in the southwest Even today, these dialects have southern characteristics in intonation and vocabulary.
Earlier, Northern dialects had a low status in Norway, but recently they have been used extensively in song lyrics, poetry, in TV and radio. Today, anyone from fishermen to university professors via insurance agents use their dialects even at work.
Sami is spoken in three main dialects: Southern Sami south of the Arctic Circle, Lule Sami mainly between Bodø and Narvik, and Northern Sami in the rest. Sami or Saami is a general name for a group of Finnic languages spoken by the Sami people in parts of northern Finland, Norway Originally, Pite Sami and Ume Sami was spoken around Bodø, but these dialects are now extinct on the Norwegian side of the border. Eastern Sami was originally spoken in Neiden, close to Kirkenes, but it is more or less extinct. ( Finnish: Kirkkoniemi, Sámi: Girkonjárga) is the centre of the municipality of Sør-Varanger in Finnmark county Norway Sami is an official language (in addition to Norwegian) in the municipalities of Kåfjord, Kautokeino, Karasjok, Porsanger, Tana and Nesseby. Guovdageaidnu ( Sami language) or Kautokeino ( Norwegian) ( Koutokeino in Finnish language) is a municipality in the Porsanger ( Norwegian) or Porsáŋgu ( Northern Sami) or Porsanki ( Kven / Finnish) is a municipality in the
The Finnish spoken in western regions, from Storfjord to Porsanger, is quite distinct, although comprehensible for people from Finland. Storfjord is a municipality in the county of Troms Norway. Storfjord was separated from Lyngen July 1 1930 Further east, around Vadsø and Kirkenes, the spoken Finnish resembles standard Finnish. ( Čáhcesuolu in Northern Sami, Vesisaari in Finnish) is a city and municipality in the county of Finnmark, Norway. ( Finnish: Kirkkoniemi, Sámi: Girkonjárga) is the centre of the municipality of Sør-Varanger in Finnmark county Norway Finnish is official in addition to Sami and Norwegian in Porsanger municipality. Porsanger ( Norwegian) or Porsáŋgu ( Northern Sami) or Porsanki ( Kven / Finnish) is a municipality in the
Cuisine
Northern Norway is surrounded by some of the richest seas in the world, and sea products constitute the main food source for traditional cuisine.
In the winter, the codfish comes to the coastal waters to spawn. Mølja, boiled codfish with liver and roe, is a rich delicacy that today is served in the best restaurants. In the summer, the colefish, or saithe, bites, and fresh saithe is often served on the beach, boiled in seawater over an open fire. Pollock (or pollack, pronounced the same and listed first in most UK and US dictionaries is the common name used for either of the two Species of marine Halibut is traditional Christmas food. A halibut is a type of Flatfish Most fish is served plainly poached, so that the delicate fish taste is not ruined; only accompanied by boiled potatoes, carrots and possibly fried bacon. A more particular kind of fish is "gammelsei", saithe that has been conserved for a year or more. Pollock (or pollack, pronounced the same and listed first in most UK and US dictionaries is the common name used for either of the two Species of marine
Tender whale meat is usually served as steaks, whereas seals are an acquired taste, due to the smell. Whales are marine mammals which are neither Dolphins (ie members of the families Delphinidae or Platanistoidae) nor Porpoises Orcas However, when processed into "Barents ham", it gets more palatable. Fresh seal meat is served at the end of the hunting season in spring, and Tromsø is the place to look for it. Reindeer are often served as finnebiff, thin slices in a cream sauce.
Traditionally, northerners regarded shellfish and prawns as bait, but lately they have developed a taste for it, and the freshest and most succulent prawns and shellfish are easily obtainable all along the coast. Shellfish is a Culinary and Fisheries term for those aquatic Invertebrate animals that are used as Food: various species of molluscs Prawns are Crustaceans belonging to the sub-order Dendrobranchiata
Climate
There are large climatic differences from southwest to northeast in this region. Finnmarksvidda in the interior of Finnmark and some valleys in the interior of Troms, experience a more continental climate with much less precipitation and much colder winters compared to the long coastal region. Finnmarksvidda (the Finnmark plateau Finnmark highland is Norway 's largest mountain plateau with an area greater than 22000 km²
Light
There are extreme variations in daylight between winter and summer. At Nordkapp the midnight sun can be seen from May 11 - July 31, and the sun does not rise above the horizon from November 19 - January 22. Nordkapp is a municipality in the county of Finnmark, Norway. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently The horizon ( Ancient Greek ὁ ὁρίζων, /ho horídzôn/ from ὁρίζειν, "to limit" is the apparent line that separates Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. For Tromsø, the dates are May 17 - July 25, and November 26 - January 15; and for Bodø from May 30 - July 12 (no polar night in Bodø). Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Bodø is a city and municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. The mid-winter darkness is not totally dark on the mainland; there is twilight for about three hours around noon in Tromsø. Helgeland has not true midnight sun, but the upper part of the sun disc never descends below the horizon as far south as Mosjøen in June. February is a transitional period when the sun rapidly returns, and March and April often feels like an explosion of light with long daylight hours (particularly in April) and snow cover in most areas except the coastal strip of Nordland. Mid-September has daylight lasting until about 19:30 in the evening. The Aurora Borealis can be seen in the whole area from autumn to early April, after which it gets too bright to observe the Aurora.
Maritime to cold continental climate
Brønnøysund in the southern part of Nordland has January and February averages of -1°C and -0. is a town and former municipality in Nordland county Norway Brønnøysund was separated from Brønnøy as a town ( ladestad) and municipality of 6°C (31°F), July & August 24-hr averages are both 13°C (56°F), year average is 5. 6°C (42°F; about the same as in Oslo), and precipitation is 1,510 mm/year, with autumn as the wettest season ([1]). Brønnøysund experiences on average 63 days/year with strong breeze (22 knots) or more, and 18 of these days reach gale force winds or more (34 knots, data from Leka just south of Brønnøysund, source met. no). In all areas, late autumn and winter is the most windy time of year, as the Atlantic low pressure systems are strongest then.
Karasjok in the eastern part of Finnmarksvidda has January and February averages of -17°C (1°F) and -15°C (4°F), July & August averages are 13°C (56°F) and 11°C (52°F), year average is -2. 4°C (28°F) and precipitation is only 366 mm/year ([2]). Situated in a river valley, Karasjok only experiences on average 1 day/year with strong breeze (22 knots) or more, and virtually never sees gale force winds.
The mean annual temperature difference between Brønnøysund and Karasjok is 8°C (15°F), about the same as the difference between Brønnøysund and Madrid, Spain ([3]). The comparatively mild maritime climate dominates along the coast and in the large fjords, even at the most northern coastal locations; in Nordkapp municipality the average January temperature is a modest -4°C (26°F) and the year average is 2°C (35°F) ([4]). An oceanic climate (also called marine west coast climate and maritime climate) is the Climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes Nordkapp is a municipality in the county of Finnmark, Norway. Some islands, like Træna and Røst, have average temperatures of approximately 1°C (33°F) in their coldest months. Træna is a municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway Træna was separated from Lurøy in 1872 Røst is a municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway Røst was separated from Værøy July 1 1928
Wind
The most windy location in Norway is Fruholmen lighthouse ([5]) in Måsøy not far from the North Cape. Måsøy is a municipality in the county of Finnmark Norway. Måsøy was established as a municipality January 1 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt) For other uses see North Cape. North Cape (Norwegian Nordkapp) is a cape on the island of Magerøya in northern The most windy city in North Norway is Bodø with on average 153 days/year with strong breeze or more and 24 days with gale force winds, while Vardø, also lacking shelter, sees 136 days of strong breeze or more and 18 days with gale. (Vuoreija Vuorea Várggát is a town and municipality in the county of Finnmark in the extreme northeast of Norway. Inland valleys and sheltered fjord areas — particularly if sheltered by mountains — are much less windy. Tromsø, partly sheltered by large islands, experiences on average 27 days/year with strong breeze, and 1 day with gale, and Bardufoss sees on average only 11 days with strong breeze or more and scarcely ever experiences gale. Bardufoss is a small town (pop ca 2200 in Målselv municipality in Troms county North Norway. In winter, there might sometimes blow cold winds from the freezing highlands out through the large fjords, -10°C and strong breeze will feel very cold on the skin. Mild westerlies are still much more common in most winters. Weather patterns are inherently unpredictable in this northern region — both low pressure and high pressure weather can occur at any time of year, although the strongest winds occur in winter.
Winter
Along the coast of Nordland average temperatures hover barely below freezing for 2 - 3 months, statistically from December 15 to February 27 in Brønnøysund; somewhat longer into the fjords. Inland Finnmark, as in Karasjok, average temperatures remain below freezing for 7 months (October — April). In Tromsø, average temperatures stays below freezing for 5 months - statistically from November 10 to April 10. Daytime temperatures are often warmer in March and April. In more recent years, winters have become milder, and the outer seaboard of most of Nordland has on average remained above freezing all year (met.no map 1990 -2006).
Summer
Even if winter temperatures depends largely on the distance to the sea, the length of the season varies mostly with latitude: The summer (days/year with 24-hr average 10°C or more; 50°F) lasts on average 108 days in Brønnøysund, 100 days in Mosjøen, 95 in Fauske, 90 in Bodø and Tysfjord, 85 days in eastern Lofoten and Narvik, 75 days at the inland valleys of Bardufoss and Alta, about 65 days in Tromsø and Kirkenes, 57 in Hammerfest and 0 in Vardø. is a municipality and Town located in the county of Nordland, Norway Tysfjord ( Norwegian) or Divtasvuodna ( Lule Sami) is a municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway Bardufoss is a small town (pop ca 2200 in Målselv municipality in Troms county North Norway. ( Áltá or formerly Álaheadju in Northern Sami, Alattio or Alta in Finnish / Kven) is a municipality and town in the county This is based on a 30 year average (1961 - 1990) for each day of the year; even Vardø will on occasions experience summer days. Statistically, summer temperatures starts May 29 in Brønnøysund and June 22 in Tromsø. The growing season varies from 180 days at Vega, Brønnøysund and Røst to less than 120 days in Finnmarksvidda and the Varanger Peninsula. Vega is a municipality in Nordland county NorwayVega was established as a municipality January 1 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt) The municipality comprises Røst is a municipality in the county of Nordland, Norway Røst was separated from Værøy July 1 1928 Varanger Peninsula is a Peninsula in Finnmark, north-eastern Norway, by the Barents Sea.
Precipitation
Precipitation occur in all seasons, usually as snow in winter. Snow accumulation in the mountains can exceed 3 m, and this abundance of snow is the reason for the numerous glaciers - more than 500, mostly in Nordland and Troms. Autumn tend to be the wettest season in most areas, often receiving more than twice as much precipitation as does spring and early summer. Only the interior areas of Finnmark - like Karasjok - tend to be wettest in summer. The areas with the least precipitation are some inland valleys, like Dividalen in Målselv with only 282 mm precip/year, and upper Saltdal and Skibotn with about the same. Målselv is a municipality in the county of Troms, Norway. Målselv was separated from Lenvik 1849 Saltdal is a municipality in Nordland county NorwaySaltdal was established as a municipality January 1 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt) Skibotn (Ivgubahta Markkina or Yykeänperä is a village with approximately 700 inhabitants in Storfjord municipality located on the southeastern shore of the Lyngen Inland Finnmark is the only large area with less than 450 mm precipitation/year. The wettest areas are generally the Helgeland region; Lurøy on the west coast of Saltfjell averages 2900 mm/year. This article is about the landscape in Norway For the article about the island Helgoland in Germany see Helgoland. Lurøy is a municipality in the county of Nordland, NorwayLurøy was established as a municipality January 1 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt)
The Arctic northeastern coast
The extreme northeastern coast, from Nordkapp to Vardø, is situated in the arctic climate zone due to lack of summer warmth — July average in Vardø is only 9°C (48°F). (Vuoreija Vuorea Várggát is a town and municipality in the county of Finnmark in the extreme northeast of Norway. However, 150 km to the south, in the Pasvik valley south of Kirkenes, July 24-hr average is up to 14°C (57°F). ( Finnish: Kirkkoniemi, Sámi: Girkonjárga) is the centre of the municipality of Sør-Varanger in Finnmark county Norway No other parts of Norway experience so large differences in lowland summer temperatures in such a relatively short distance.
Record temperatures
The coldest temperature recorded is -51. 4°C (-61°F) in Karasjok, and the warmest recorded is 34. 3°C (94°F) in Sihcajavri in Kautokeino. Guovdageaidnu ( Sami language) or Kautokeino ( Norwegian) ( Koutokeino in Finnish language) is a municipality in the
Sources
- Bjørbæk, G. 2003. Norsk vær i 110 år. N. W. DAMM & Sønn (Norwegian)
- Moen, A. 1998. Nasjonalatlas for Norge: Vegetasjon. Statens Kartverk, Hønefoss (Norwegian)
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute (external link) (Norwegian)
Famous people from the north
- Knut Hamsun (1859–1952), author and Nobel laureate, from Hamarøy
- Iselin Steiro (1986–), supermodel, from Harstad
- The Röyksopp band duo Torbjørn Brundtland (1975–) and Svein Berge, from Tromsø
- Lene Marlin (1980–), singer and songwriter, from Tromsø
- Mari Boine (1956–), jazz artist, from Karasjok
- Geir Lundestad (1945–), director of the Nobel Institute and professor of history, from Bodø
- Trond Sollied (1959-), Football manager. Knut Hamsun, born Knud Pedersen ( August 4, 1859 - February 19, 1952) was a Norwegian author. This is a list of Nobel Prize Laureates awarded for their outstanding contributions to Humanitarian causes for Peace, work in Literature Iselin Vollen Steiro (born 15 September, 1985) is a Norwegian model. Röyksopp ('ɾœʏkˌsop is an electronic music duo based in Tromsø, Norway composed of Torbjørn Brundtland and Svein Berge Torbjørn Brundtland ( 10 may 1975) makes up half of the duo Röyksopp. Svein Berge makes up half of the duo Röyksopp. Berge was born in Tromsø, Norway. Lene Marlin (born August 17, 1980) is a Norwegian Musician. She was born Lene Marlin Pedersen in Tromsø, Norway Mari Boine Persen is a Norwegian Sami musician known for having added Jazz and rock to the Yoiks of her native people Geir Lundestad (born in 1945 is a Norwegian historian and present Director of the Norwegian Nobel Institute and Professor of the University of Oslo. The Norwegian Nobel Institute (Det Norske Nobelinstitutt was established in 1904 in Kristiania (today Oslo) Norway. Trond Sollied (born 29 April 1959 in Mo i Rana) is a Norwegian football manager and former player Former manager for Olympiacos C.F.P., ranked as the ninth best manager in 2006. See also Olympiacos CFP Olympiacos FC (ΠΑΕ Ολυμπιακός also known as simply Olympiacos, Olympiacos Piraeus or with its full name [1]
- Hans Erik Dyvik Husby ("Hank Von Helvete") (1972-), Vocalist in the death-punk band Turbonegro. Hans Erik Husby, also known as Hank Von Helvete (meaning Hank Von Hell as 'von' does not mean 'from' in Norwegian Hertugen and Hærtis born on June 15 Deathrock (or Death Punk) is a term used to identify a fusion of Punk rock and Gothic rock which incorporates elements of horror and spooky atmospheres Turbonegro ( Turboneger in Norway is a Norwegian Punk band that combines Hard rock and punk rock into a style the band describes
References
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