Northern Europe as defined by the United Nations (marked blue):      Northern Europe      Western Europe      Eastern Europe      Southern Europe

Location of the Nordic countries

Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The term Southern Europe can have four definitions geographical political climatic phytogeographic The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe called the Nordic region, consisting of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, The United Nations defines Northern Europe as:^[1][2]

•  Åland Islands (Finland)
• Channel Islands:  Guernsey and  Jersey
•  Denmark
•  Estonia
•  Faroe Islands (Denmark)
•  Finland
•  Iceland
• Ireland
•  Isle of Man
•  Latvia
•  Lithuania
•  Norway
• Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Norway)
•  Sweden
•  United Kingdom :  England,  Scotland,  Wales and  Northern Ireland. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Channel Islands ( Norman: Îles d'la Manche, French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are a group of Islands The Bailiwick of Guernsey (Bailliage de Guernesey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy. The Bailiwick of Jersey ( Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Svalbard is an Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean north of mainland Europe, about midway between Norway and the North Pole. Jan Mayen Island is a 55 km (34 miles long (southwest-northeast and 373 km² (144  mi²) in area Arctic Volcanic island in the "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of

A Dutch map of Northern Europe, printed in 1601.

Before the 19th century, the term 'Nordic' or 'Northern' was commonly used to mean Northern Europe in a sense that included the Nordic countries, European Russia, the Baltic countries (at that time Livonia and Courland) and Greenland. European Russia refers to the western areas of Russia that lie within Europe, comprising roughly 3960000 km² and spanning across 40% of Europe The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the Livonia (Līvõmō Latvian and Livonija Estonian: Liivimaa; Finnish: Liivinmaa; German and Swedish: Livland Courland (Kurzeme Kurland Latin: Curonia / Couronia; Kuršas Kuramaa Kurlandia Курляндия Курляндія Kuurinmaa is one of the historical Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the

Earlier eras

In earlier eras, when Europe was dominated by the Mediterranean region (i. e. the Roman Empire), everything not near this sea was termed Northern Europe, including Germany, the Low Countries, and Austria. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the countries on low-lying land around the delta of the Rhine, Scheldt Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich This meaning is still used today in some contexts, such as in discussions of the Northern Renaissance. The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in Northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy. In medieval times, the term (Ultima) Thule was used to mean a mythical place in the extreme northern reaches of the continent. Thule (ˈθuːli; Greek Θούλη Thoulē; also called Thile, Tile, Tilla, Toolee, or Tylen) is in A mythological place (also called "mythical place" is a place that a particular culture describes in their Mythology and Folklore as existent

Northern Europe:
Country	Area (km²)	Population (2008 est. This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. )	Population density (per km²)	Capital
Åland (Finland)	1,552	26,008	16. List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. 8	Mariehamn
Denmark	43,094	5,470,919	124. Demographics A chart on population growth Sister cities Mariehamn is twinned with Visby, Sweden Kópavogur The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe 6	Copenhagen
Estonia	45,226	1,342,409	31. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region 3	Tallinn
Faroe Islands (Denmark)	1,399	48,500	32. Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe 9	Tórshavn
Finland	336,593	5,301,992	15. Tórshavn (ˈtʰɔuʂhaun is the Capital of the Faroe Islands. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. 3	Helsinki
Guernseyd[›]	78	65,573	828. Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. The Bailiwick of Guernsey (Bailliage de Guernesey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy. 0	St Peter Port
Iceland	103,000	316,252	3. St Peter Port is the Capital of Guernsey, as well as the main Port of the island Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( 1	Reykjavík
Ireland	70,280	4,339,000	60. For the Greater Reykjavík Area see the Greater Reykjavík Area. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. 3	Dublin
Isle of Mand[›]	572	80,058	129. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical 1	Douglas
Jerseyd[›]	116	95,871	773. Douglas (Doolish is the capital of the Isle of Man and its largest town The Bailiwick of Jersey ( Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. 9	Saint Helier
Latvia	64,589	2,366,515	36. Saint Helier ( French language: Saint-Hélier, Jèrriais: St Hélyi) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey, the largest Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. 6	Riga
Lithuania	65,200	3,601,138	55. Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the 2	Vilnius
Norway	324,220	4,525,116	14. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional 0	Oslo
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (Norway)	62,049	2,868	0. (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. This article is about the collective term "Svalbard and Jan Mayen" as defined by the ISO Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional 046	Longyearbyen
Sweden	449,964	9,142,817	19. Longyearbyen is the Administrative centre of Svalbard and is located on Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard Archipelago. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. 7	Stockholm
United Kingdom	384,820	66,100,835	244. ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located 2	London

References and notes