Citizendia

Location of the Basque Country
Location of the Basque Country
Northern Basque Country in green
Northern Basque Country in green

The Northern Basque Country, French Basque Country or Continental Basque Country (French: Pays Basque Nord, Basque: Iparralde) constitutes the North-Eastern part of the Basque Country and the Western part of the French department of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Basque ( native name: euskara) is the Language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Pyrénées-Atlantiques ( Gascon: Pirenèus-Atlantics; Basque: Pirinio-Atlantiarrak or Pirinio-Atlantikoak) is a department With 2,869 km². , it is delimited in the north by the department of Landes, in the west by the Bay of Biscay, in the south by the southern Basque Country and in the east by Béarn (although in the Bearnese village of Esquiule Basque is spoken), which is the eastern part of the department. Landes ( Occitan: Lanas) is a département in southern France. Cantabrian Sea redirects here Not to be confused with Biscay Bay Newfoundland and Labrador or Biscayne Bay. The Southern Basque Country ( Basque: Hegoalde or Hego Euskal Herria) consists of the Basque Country (autonomous community and Navarre This article is about the former French province for the warship see French aircraft carrier Béarn Béarn ( Gascon: Bearn Esquiule (Eskiula is a small village and commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département of southwestern France. It is a popular tourist destination and is somewhat distinct from neighbouring parts of either France or the southern Basque Country. It was not industrialized as Biscay or Guipuscoa and remained agricultural and a beach destination.

Basques describe the northern Basque Country as the union of three "French provinces" in the northeast of the traditional Basque Country:

Its Basque name is Iparralde ("Northern side") while the part of the Basque Country located in Spain is called Hegoalde ("Southern side"). Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.

Its population has been: 126,493 (in 1801); 162,365 (1851); 226,749 (1979) (79% in Labourd, 13% in Lower Navarre, 8% in Soule); 259,850 (1990) (81%; 13%; 6% respectively); 262,000 (1999 census).

According to an inquiry of 2001, 24. 7% were bilinguals (French-Basque), 11. 5% were French-speakers who understand Basque, and 63. 4% were not Basque-speakers. But the results were very different in the three zones; in the inner land (Basse Navarre and Soule) 76% speak or understand Basque; in the coast (Labourd) they are 43% ; and in the B. A. B. urban zone (Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz) only a 17% speak or understand Basque (according to another inquiry, the 20% of the B. A. B. people can speak or understand Gascon language). Gascon (Gascon; French,) is a dialect of the Occitan language.

There is a Basque nationalist political movement, born in 1963 with the Enbata mouvement (forbidden in 1974) and now with Abertzaleen Batasuna and others, which seeks a split of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in two French departments: Pays Basque and Béarn; some other nationalist parties are EAJ, EA and Batasuna which have a reduced, almost symbolic presence, especially when compared to the southern Basque Country. Basque nationalism is a movement with roots in the Carlism and the loss by the laws of 1839 and 1876 of the Ancien Régime relationship between the Basque provinces Abertzaleen Batasuna ( Patriot's Union or Unity in Basque) ( A In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division This article is about the former French province for the warship see French aircraft carrier Béarn Béarn ( Gascon: Bearn The Basque Nationalist Party is the largest political party in the Basque Autonomous Community. Eusko Alkartasuna is a Basque nationalist political party operating in Spain and France. Batasuna ("Unity" in Basque language) is a Basque nationalist political organization based mainly in Spain, declared illegal but with The representation of these political parties historically takes less than 15% of the votes in the district elections.

In the 1980s and 90s, there was a paramilitary group called Iparretarrak (the northerners) using violence to seek independence but it has been inactive for almost a decade now. Iparretarrak ("the Northerners" in Basque) or IK is an armed Basque nationalist organization operating in the French Basque Country

On January 29, 1997, the area was made an official "pays" of France under the name "Pays Basque", that is, a representative body promoting several activities, but without its own budget. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar In France, a pays is an area whose inhabitants share common geographical economic cultural or social interests who have a right to enter into communal planning


Contents

History

Billingual French-Basque language signage in Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle.
Billingual French-Basque language signage in Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle. Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle ( Basque Senpere) is a large village in the traditional Basque province of Labourd, now a commune in the
Basque pelota courts are found in most villages.
Basque pelota courts are found in most villages. Pelota in Spanish, pilota in Basque and Catalan, or pelote in French (from Latin pila) is a
Stone decoration in Armendarits.
Stone decoration in Armendarits. Armendarits (Armendaritze is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.

The Northern Basque Country was for long largely undifferentiated from other areas of what is now Gascony. Gascony (Gascogne gaskɔɲ Gascon Occitan: Gasconha, pronounced) is an area of southwest France that constituted a province of France When Caesar conquered Gaul he found all the region south and west of the Garonne inhabited by a people known as the Aquitani, who were not Celtic and are modernly regarded as Basques (see Aquitanian language). Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western The Aquitani ( Latin for Aquitanians) were a people living in what is now southwestern France, between the Pyrenees and the Garonne The Aquitanian language was spoken in ancient Aquitaine (approximately between the Pyrenees and the Garonne, the region later known as Gascony

In Roman times, the region was first known as Aquitania, and later, when the name Aquitania was extended until the Loire river, as Novempopulania or Aquitania Tertia. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Novempopulania ( Latin for "country of the nine peoples" was one of the provinces created by Diocletian out of Gallia Aquitania, being also

After the Basque rebellions against Roman feudalism in the late 4th and 5th century, the area eventually formed part of the independent Duchy of Vasconia, being segregated as separate County of Vasconia in the early 9th century. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. The Duchy of Vasconia (also Wasconia, later the Duchy of Gascony) was originally a Frankish march formed in the seventh century to protect the Aquitanian The County of Vasconia was a small medieval Realm segregated c The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era.

In this period Northern Basques surely participated in the successive battles of Roncevaux against the Franks, in 778, 812 and 824. The Battle of Roncevaux Pass ( French and English spelling Roncesvalles in Spanish, Orreaga in Basque) was a Events By Place Europe August 15 — Battle of Roncevaux Pass (Roncesvalles Charlemagne 's army suffers a terrible Events By Place Europe The second Battle of Roncevaux Pass is fought between the Basques and the Franks. Events By Place Europe Third Battle of Roncevaux Pass: The Basques and Banu Qasi defeat counts Eblo and Aznar Frankish

Count Sans Sancion fought against the Franks again between 848 and 858 eventually becoming Duke of Vasconia. Sancho II Sánchez or Sans II Sancion (died 864) succeeded his brother Aznar Sánchez as count of Vasconia Citerior ( Gascony) in Events By Place Europe The Saracens destroy Leontini. Charles the Bald, Louis the German and This article is about the year 858 AD. For the terrorist attack on Korean air see Korean_Air_Flight_858. The Duchy of Vasconia (sometimes Wasconia) later known as Gascony, was a Merovingian creation a frontier duchy on the

In 1020 Gascony ceded its juridsiction over Labourd, then also including Lower Navarre, to Sancho the Great of Pamplona. Labourd ( Lapurdi in Basque; from Latin Lapurdum, Labord in Gascon is a former French province and part of the Lower Navarre (Nafarroa Beherea or Baxenabarre Basse-Navarre Baja Navarra is a part of the present day Pyrénées Atlantiques département Sancho III Garcés (late 10th century &ndash 18 October 1035) called the Great ( Spanish: el Mayor or el Grande) was This monarch made it a Viscounty in 1023. A viscount ( VAI-count is a member of the European Nobility whose comital title ranks usually as in the British peerage, above a The area became disputed by the Angevin Dukes of Aquitaine until 1191 when Sancho the Wise and Richard Lionheart agreed to divide the country, Labourd remaining under Angevin sovereignty and Lower Navarre under Navarrese control. Angevin (ˈændʒəvɪn ( French, from Old French, from Medieval Latin Andegavinus from Andegavia Anjou, France) is the name applied The Duke of Aquitaine ( French: Duc d'Aquitaine) ruled the historical region of Aquitaine under the supremacy of the Frankish and later the Sancho VI Garcés (c 1133 &ndash June 27, 1194) called the Wise ( el Sabio) was the King of Navarre from 1150 until his death in Richard I (8 September 1157 &ndash 6 April 1199 was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death

Meanwhile, Soule (Zuberoa) was constituted as an independent viscounty, generally supported by Navarre against the pretensions of the Counts of Béarn, though at times also it admitted a certain Angevin overlordship. Soule ( Zuberoa, Xiberu or Xüberoa in Basque, Sola in Gascon is a former viscounty and French province and The Kingdom of Navarre (Reino de Navarra Nafarroako Erresuma Royaume de Navarre originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a European kingdom which occupied lands on either This article is about the former French province for the warship see French aircraft carrier Béarn Béarn ( Gascon: Bearn [1]

With the end of the Hundred Years' War, Labourd and Soule passed to the Crown of France as autonomous provinces (pays d'êtat). The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior The Kingdom of France was organised into Provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the département

After the conquest of Upper Navarre by Castile in 1512–21, the still independent north-pyrenean part of Navarre took the lead of the Huguenot party in the French Wars of Religion. The Huguenots were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France (or French Calvinists) from the sixteenth to the eighteenth The French Wars of Religion (1562 to 1598 between French Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots involved both civil infighting In this time the Bible was first translated into the Basque language. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Basque ( native name: euskara) is the Language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain [2] Eventually Henry III of Navarre became King of France but kept Navarre as a formally independent state, until in 1610 this separation was suppressed. Henry IV (Henri IV ( 13 December 1553 &ndash 14 May 1610) ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and as Henry III

The three Northern Basque provinces still enjoyed great autonomy until the French Revolution suppressed it radically, as it did elsewhere in France, eventually creating the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, half Basque and half Gascon (Bearn, another sovereignty linked to the crown of France). The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Pyrénées-Atlantiques ( Gascon: Pirenèus-Atlantics; Basque: Pirinio-Atlantiarrak or Pirinio-Atlantikoak) is a department

Economy

The Northern Basque Country has 29,759 companies, 107 companies for 1,000 inhabitants and an annual growth of 4. 5% (between 2004 and 2006). [3]

66. 2% in the tertiary sector, 14. 5% in the secondary sector and 19. 3% in the primary sector.

Although the Northern Basque Country is part of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques for most administrative entities, it does have its own Chamber of Commerce, the CCI Bayonne Pays Basque. Pyrénées-Atlantiques ( Gascon: Pirenèus-Atlantics; Basque: Pirinio-Atlantiarrak or Pirinio-Atlantikoak) is a department

See also

References

  1. ^ Baja Navarra y Zuberoa (La Historia y los Vascos - Vascon. Bayonne Ham or Jambon de Bayonne is an air dried salted Ham that takes its name from the ancient port city of Bayonne in the far South West of France Galeon. com)
  2. ^ Joanes Leizarraga Vida Y Obra. Euskomedia. Retrieved on 2008-01-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Article in Spanish
  3. ^ Invest Pays Basque. CCI Bayonne. Retrieved on 2008-06-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Invest-PaysBasque. com
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