Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (English) Республика Северная Осетия-Алания (Russian) Республикæ Цæгат Ирыстон — Алани (Ossetic)
Location of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in Russia
Coat of Arms	Flag
Coat of arms of North Ossetia-Alania	Flag of North Ossetia-Alania
Anthem: National Anthem of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Capital	Vladikavkaz
Established	July 7, 1924
Political status Federal district Economic region	Republic Southern North Caucasus
Code	15
Area
Area - Rank within Russia	8,000 km² 79th
Population (as of the 2002 Census)
Population - Rank within Russia - Density - Urban - Rural	710,275 inhabitants 68th 88. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification The flag of North Ossetia-Alania consists of a Tricolor of white red and yellow A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's Vladikavkaz (Владикавка́з vladʲikaf'kas Дзæуджыхъæу ( Dzæudjyqæu) (means «Dzaug's settlement» is the capital city of the Republic Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Russia is a Federation which consists of 83  subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal This article is about an administrative division of the federal government of Russia Russia is divided into twelve economic regions (экономи́ческие райо́ны ekonomicheskiye rayony, sing The Russian Federation is divided into 83  federal subjects (constituent units 21 of which are Republics. Southern Federal District ( Russian: Ю́жный федера́льный о́круг tr North Caucasus economic region (Се́веро-Кавка́зский экономи́ческий райо́н tr Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of Russia 's area is about 17 million square kilometers (65 million sq Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried 8 inhab.  / km² 65. 5% 34. 5%
Official languages	Russian, Ossetic
Government
Head	Taymuraz Mamsurov
Chairman of the Government	Nikolay Khlyntsov
Legislative body	Parliament
Constitution	Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Official website
http://www.rso-a.ru/

The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (Russian: Респу́блика Се́верная Осе́тия–Ала́ния; Ossetic: Республикæ Цæгат Ирыстон — Алани) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Ossetic or Ossetian (Ирон ӕвзаг Iron ævzag or Иронау Ironau) also sometimes called Ossete, is an Iranian Taymuraz Dzambekovich Mamsurov (Таймура́з Дзамбе́кович Мамсу́ров b A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation The term basic law is used in some places as an alternative to " Constitution " implying it is a temporary but necessary measure without formal enactment A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Ossetic or Ossetian (Ирон ӕвзаг Iron ævzag or Иронау Ironau) also sometimes called Ossete, is an Iranian Russia is a Federation which consists of 83  subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Russian Federation is divided into 83  federal subjects (constituent units 21 of which are Republics. The direct romanization of the Russian name of the republic is Respublika Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya. The Romanization of the Russian alphabet is the process of transliterating the Russian language from the Cyrillic alphabet and Its name in Ossetic transliterates (in the ISO 9-system) as Respublikă Căgat Iryston - Alani. The International standard ISO 9 establishes a system for the Transliteration into Latin characters of Cyrillic characters constituting the alphabets

Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Geography 3.1 Time zone 3.2 Rivers 3.3 Mountains 3.4 Natural resources 3.5 Climate 4 Administrative divisions 5 Demographics 6 Politics 7 Economy 7.1 Transportation 8 Culture 9 Education 10 Religion 11 See also 12 References 13 External links 13.1 General 13.2 Education 13.3 Mass media

Name

In the last years of the Soviet Union, as nationalist movements swept throughout the Caucasus, many intellectuals in the North Ossetian ASSR called for the revival of the name of Alania, a medieval kingdom of the Alans, ancestors of the modern-day Ossetians. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union. Alania was a medieval kingdom of the Alans (proto- Ossetians) that flourished in the Northern Caucasus, roughly in the location of latter-day Circassia The Alans or Alani (occasionally but more rarely termed Alauni or Halani) were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people The Ossetians (ирæттæ irættæ are an Iranic Ethnic group indigenous to Ossetia, a region that spans the Caucasus Mountains The term of "Alania" quickly became popular in Ossetian daily life through the names of various enterprises, a TV channel, political and civic organizations, publishing house, soccer team, etc. In November 1994, the name of "Alania" was officially added to the republican title (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania). ^[1]

History

Main article: History of North Ossetia-Alania

Geography

The Republic is located in the northern Caucasus. The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in the Caucasus region The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East The northern part of the republic is situated in the Stavropol Plain. 22% of the republic's territory is covered by forests.

• Area: 8,000 square kilometers (3,088. 8 sq mi)
• Borders:
  • internal: Kabardino-Balkar Republic (W/NW/N), Stavropol Krai (N), Chechen Republic (NE/E), Republic of Ingushetia (E/SE)
  • international: Georgia (including South Ossetia) (SE/S/SW)
• Highest point: Mount Dzhimara (4,780 meters (15,682 ft))
• Maximum N->S distance: 130 kilometers (81 mi)
• Maximum E->W distance: 120 kilometers (75 mi)

Time zone

North Ossetia-Alania is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ Stavropol Krai (Ставропо́льский край Stavropolsky kray) is a federal subject of Russia (a Krai) The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika The Republic of Ingushetia ( Ingush: ГӀалгӀай Мохк Респу́блика Ингуше́тия Respublika Ingushetiya) is a federal Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between South Ossetia ( or; Хуссар Ирыстон Xussar Iryston; Южная Осетия Yuzhnaya Osetiya; სამხრეთი ოსეთი Samxreti Moscow Time (Моско́вское вре́мя is the Time zone for the city of Moscow, Russia and most of western Russia including Saint Petersburg UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).

Rivers

All of the republic's rivers belong to the basin of the Terek River. The Terek River (Терек თერგი Tergi; Терек Terek, Chechen, Терк Terk) is a major River in the Major rivers include:

• Terek River (~600 km)
• Urukh River (104 km)
• Ardon River (101 km)
• Kambileyevka River (99 km)
• Gizeldon River (81 km)
• Fiagdon River
• Sunzha River

Mountains

All of the mountains located on the territory of the republic are a part of the Caucasus. Mount Dzhimara is the highest point (4,780 m), with Mount Ulipata being the second highest (4,638 m).

Natural resources

Natural resources include minerals (copper, silver, zinc), timber, mineral waters, hydroelectric power, and untapped reserves of oil and gas. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or In many places mineral water is often colloquially used to mean Carbonated water (which is usually carbonated mineral water as opposed to tap water Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter

Climate

Climate is moderately continental. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year

• Average January temperature: −5°C
• Average July temperature: +24°C
• Average annual precipitation: 400-700 mm in the plains, over 1,000 mm in the mountains. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of North Ossetia-Alania

Demographics

• Population: 710,275 (2002)
  • Urban: 464,875 (65. 5%)
  • Rural: 245,400 (34. 5%)
  • Male: 336,035 (47. 3%)
  • Female: 374,240 (52. 7%)
• Females per 1000 males: 1,114
• Average age: 33. 8 years
  • Urban: 34. 2 years
  • Rural: 32. 9 years
  • Male: 30. 4 years
  • Female: 36. 9 years
• Number of households: 200,191 (with 690,806 people)
  • Urban: 143,397 (with 447,884 people)
  • Rural: 56,794 (with 242,922 people)
• Vital statistics (2005)
  • Births: 7,894 (birth rate 11. 2)
  • Deaths: 8,654 (death rate 12. 3)
• Ethnic groups

The Ossetian population of North Ossetia is predominantly Christian with a large Muslim minority, speaking Ossetic and Russian. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Ossetic or Ossetian (Ирон ӕвзаг Iron ævzag or Иронау Ironau) also sometimes called Ossete, is an Iranian Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages

According to the 2002 Census, Ossetians make up 62. Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried The Ossetians (ирæттæ irættæ are an Iranic Ethnic group indigenous to Ossetia, a region that spans the Caucasus Mountains 7% of the republic's population. Other groups include Russians (23. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries 2%), Ingush (3. The Ingush ( Ingush: Галгай "Ghalghay" are an Ethnic group of the North Caucasus, mostly inhabiting the Russian 0%), Armenians (2. The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large 4%), Kumyks (12,659, or 1. Kumyks ( Kumyk: къумукълар qumuqlar, Russian: кумыки are a Turkic people occupying the Kumyk plateau in north Dagestan 8%), Georgians (10,803, or 1. The Georgians (ქართველები kartvelebi) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus, the oldest group of the 5%), Ukrainians (0. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens 7%), Chechens (3,383, or 0. Chechens ( Chechen: Hохчи / Noxçi) constitute the largest native Ethnic group originating in the North Caucasus region 5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0. 5% of the total population. 3,283 people (0. 5%) did not indicate their nationalities during the Census.

	census 1926	census 1939	census 1959	census 1970	census 1979	census 1989	census 2002
Ossetians	139,120 (60. The Ossetians (ирæттæ irættæ are an Iranic Ethnic group indigenous to Ossetia, a region that spans the Caucasus Mountains 3%)	165,616 (50. 3%)	215,463 (47. 8%)	269,326 (48. 7%)	299,022 (50. 5%)	334,876 (53. 0%)	445,310 (62. 7%)
Russians	50,272 (21. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries 8%)	122,614 (37. 2%)	178,654 (39. 6%)	202,367 (36. 6%)	200,692 (33. 9%)	189,159 (29. 9%)	164,734 (23. 2%)
Ingush	1,540 (0. 7%)	6,106 (1. 9%)	6,071 (1. 3%)	18,387 (3. 3%)	23,663 (4. 0%)	32,783 (5. 2%)	21,442 (3. 0%)
Armenians	6,921 (3. The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large 0%)	8,932 (2. 7%)	12,012 (2. 7%)	13,355 (2. 4%)	12,912 (2. 2%)	13,619 (2. 2%)	17,147 (2. 4%)
Ukrainians	14,282 (6. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens 2%)	7,063 (2. 1%)	9,362 (2. 1%)	9,250 (1. 7%)	10,574 (1. 8%)	10,088 (1. 6%)	5,198 (0. 7%)
Others	18,646 (8. 1%)	18,874 (5. 7%)	29,019 (6. 4%)	39,896 (7. 2%)	45,139 (7. 6%)	51,903 (8. 2%)	56,444 (7. 9%)

Vital Statistics for 2007: Source

Birth Rate: 13. TFR by Federal Subjects This is a list of values of total fertility rates by federal subjects of Russia TFR by Ethnic Groups 45 per 1000

Death Rate: 11. 25 per 1000

Net Immigration: -1. 0 per 1000

NGR: +0. 22% per Year

PGR: +0. 12% per Year

Politics

The head of government in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is the Head of the Republic. As of 2005, the head of the republic is Taymuraz Mamsurov. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Taymuraz Dzambekovich Mamsurov (Таймура́з Дзамбе́кович Мамсу́ров b Mamsurov succeeded Alexander Dzasokhov, who voluntarily quit his post on May 31, 2005. Alexander Dzasokhov (Александр Сергеевич Дзасохов is the former head of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Economy

Despite the inevitable economic burden of a sizeable refugee population, North Ossetia is the most well-to-do republic in the northern Caucasus. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race It is the most urbanized and the most industrialized, with factories producing metals (lead, zinc, tungsten, etc. Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Tungsten (ˈtʌŋstən also known as wolfram (/ˈwʊlfrəm/ is a Chemical element that has the symbol W and Atomic number 74 ), electronics, chemicals, and processed foods. Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw Ingredients into Food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by

Local agriculture focuses primarily on livestock, especially sheep and goats, and the cultivation of grains, fruit, and cotton. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally to a Domesticated Animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to produce such as Food The domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat Domesticated from the Wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp

Transportation

There is an airport in Vladikavkaz. Overall, the transport infrastructure is well-developed, with railroads and automobile roads being the principal means of transportation. The famous Georgian Military Road connects Vladikavkaz with Transcaucasia. The Georgian Military Road (Военно-Грузинская дорога doroga'' and ( საქართველოს სამხედრო გზა samkhedro gza'' is the The South Caucasus is a mountainous geopolitical area of south-central Eurasia, also referred to as Transcaucasia, or The Transcaucasus.

Culture

There are six professional theaters in North Ossetia-Alania. Also Ossetian State Philarmonia.

Education

The most important facilities of higher education include North Caucasus State Technological University, North Ossetian State University, North Ossetian State Medical Academy, and Mountain State Agrarian University; all located in Vladikavkaz.

Religion

The predominant religion is Russian Orthodox Christianity, followed by Islam. See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Many of the native rituals predate both faiths. According to the Ossetian Mufti Tavkazakhov 200,000 of the Ossetians are Muslim, which if true would mean that before the Ingush-Ossetian conflict North Ossetia had a predominantly Muslim population. This article is about an Islamic scholar Mufti can also refer to civilian dress. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion ^[2] Most estimations however state no more than up to 30% of the Ossetians are Muslim. ^[3]

See also

• Ossetic language
• Music of Ossetia

References

External links

General

• (Russian) Official website of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
• (Russian) Official website of the Parliament of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
• (English) Russian News Agency Ria Novosty
• (Russian) Official website of Alexander Dzasokhov
• (Russian) Ossetia—History, culture, politics, news
• (Esperanto)Pictures of North Ossetia-Alania
• (English) (Ossetic) (Russian) Welcome to North Ossetia (by Toma Kulayeva)
• (English) (Ossetic) (Russian) ossetian history, culture,...

Education

• (Russian) North Ossetian State University.
• (Russian) North Ossetian State Medical Academy.
• (Russian) Higher Institute of Management.
• (English) Institute of Civilization.

Mass media

• (Russian) Electronic version of the North Ossetia (Severnaya Osetiya) republican newspaper.
• (Russian) North Ossetian information portal 15th Region (15y Region).

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