North-East India refers to the easternmost region of India consisting of the contiguous Seven Sister States and Sikkim. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. Arunachal Pradesh (अरुणाचल प्रदेश   Aruṇācal Pradeś is the easternmost state of India Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city Manipur (mnipur in Meitei Mayek) is a state in northeastern India, making its capital in the city of Meghalaya is a small state in north-eastern India. The word "Meghalaya" literally means "The Abode of Clouds" in Sanskrit and Mizoram is one of the Seven Sister States in North Eastern India. Nagaland ( Hindi: नागालैंड is a hill state located in the far north-eastern part of India. Sikkim ( Nepali:, also Sikhim) is a Landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas It is the least populous state in India ( Bengali script: ত্রিপুরা is a state in North-East India. The following cities in North East India are ranked according to their populations and represent the biggest and most vibrant metropolitan areas of the region WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Guwahati ( Assamese: গুৱাহাটী previously spelled Gauhati) is a major city in Agartala ( Bengali: আগরতলা Agortôla) is the capital of the Indian state of Tripura. Shillong ( Khasi Shillong ( Hindi: शिलांग Bengali: শিলং is the capital of Meghalaya, one of the smallest states in Aizawl (population 339812 is the largest city as well as the capital of the state of Mizoram in India. Imphal is the capital of the Indian state of Manipur. In the heart of the town and surrounded by a moat are ruins of the old Palace of Kangla The Constitution of India envisages Hindi as the primary official language to be used by the Union Government, with English as the subsidiary official language Assamese (অসমীয়া) (ɔxɔmija is the easternmost Indo-Aryan language, spoken mainly in the state of Assam in North-East Bodo, pronounced BO-RO is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Bodo people of north-eastern India, Nepal and Bangladesh Meitei-lon (মেইতেই লোন্ also Meitei-lol (মেইতেই লোল্ and Manipuri (মনিপুরি (and sometimes the 19th century In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Crude birth rate is the natality or Childbirths per 1000 people per year Mortality rate is a measure of the number of Deaths (in general or due to a specific cause in some population scaled to the size of that population per unit time Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of Infants (one year of age or younger per 1000 live births India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Seven Sister States are a region in northeastern India, comprising the contiguous states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya Sikkim ( Nepali:, also Sikhim) is a Landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas It is the least populous state in India Like South India, North-East India is linguistically and culturally very distinct from the other states of India. South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union A large number of the inhabitants speak Tibeto-Burman languages and have cultural similarities with South-East Asia and Tibet. The Tibeto-Burman family of languages (often considered a sub-group of the Sino-Tibetan Language family) is spoken in various central and south Asian countries including Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European This region is officially recognized as a special category of states. The North East Council (NEC)^[1] was constituted in 1971 as the nodal agency for the economic and social development of the eight states, the North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd (NEDFi)^[2] was incorporated on August 9, 1995 and the Ministry of Development of Northeastern Region (DONER)^[3][4] was set up in September 2001. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995

Of these, Sikkim became an Indian protectorate in 1947 and a full state in 1975. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The states border Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar and Bangladesh. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially However they share only a 21 km common border with the rest of India via the Siliguri Corridor (Chicken's Neck). The Siliguri Corridor or Chicken's Neck or is a narrow stretch of land which connects India 's north-eastern states to the rest of India

History

A ferocious lion excavated in Madan Kamdev close to Baihata Cariali in Assam representing the powerful Kamarupa-Palas (c. 9th-10th century A. D. )

(For detailed history please see the articles on the individual states) The North-East has been added to political India only in recent times, though India itself was rarely unified for most of its history. Assam (which included at the time of Indian independence, Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya) was rarely part of political India for most of its history; Manipur and Tripura were princely states also rarely a part of political India; Arunachal Pradesh was beyond the outer line of British India at the beginning of the 20th century; and Sikkim too was not part of political India. Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city Nagaland ( Hindi: नागालैंड is a hill state located in the far north-eastern part of India. Mizoram is one of the Seven Sister States in North Eastern India. Meghalaya is a small state in north-eastern India. The word "Meghalaya" literally means "The Abode of Clouds" in Sanskrit and The history of Assam is the history of a confluence of peoples from the east west and the north the confluence of the Indo-Aryan, Austro-Asiatic and Manipur (mnipur in Meitei Mayek) is a state in northeastern India, making its capital in the city of ( Bengali script: ত্রিপুরা is a state in North-East India. Arunachal Pradesh (अरुणाचल प्रदेश   Aruṇācal Pradeś is the easternmost state of India For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Sikkim ( Nepali:, also Sikhim) is a Landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas It is the least populous state in India These areas were incorporated into mainstream India during the British Raj when British colonial authorities annexed traditionally separate border countries into Indian territory to form a buffer between their colony and external powers (ie: Assam, Manipur and Tripura in the Northeast, and Balochistan and the North West Frontier Province in the northwest). For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city Manipur (mnipur in Meitei Mayek) is a state in northeastern India, making its capital in the city of ( Bengali script: ত্রিপুরা is a state in North-East India. Balochistan or Baluchistan is an arid Region located in the Iranian Plateau in Southwest The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP ( Urdu: śimāl maġribī sarhadī sūba) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan. After independence in 1947, extension of the Indian state and political apparatus has been a challenge. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[5]

Geography

View of the Himalayas from Sikkim

North-East India has a predominantly humid sub-tropical climate with hot, humid summers, severe monsoons and mild winters. Sikkim ( Nepali:, also Sikhim) is a Landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas It is the least populous state in India Along with the west coast of India, this region has some of the Indian sub-continent's last remaining rain forests. The states of Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim have a montane climate with cold, snowy winters and mild summers. Arunachal Pradesh (अरुणाचल प्रदेश   Aruṇācal Pradeś is the easternmost state of India Sikkim ( Nepali:, also Sikhim) is a Landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas It is the least populous state in India Climate tables for some cities in the region are seen below:

Political issues

The isolation of the Northeastern states began earlier as a result of British imperialism, when the region was cut-off from its traditional trading partners (Bhutan, Myanmar and Indo-China). The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. ^[6] In 1947 Indian independence and partition made this a landlocked region, exacerbating the isolation that is being recognized lately, but not studied yet. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[7] Soon it became a captive market for mainstream India. Captive markets are Markets where the potential Consumers face a severely limited amount of competitive Suppliers; their only choices are to purchase ^[8]

North East India has a strong genetic and cultural similarity with the people of East Asia and South East Asia. All the hundreds of East Asian and South East Asian communities (and subcommunities) of North East India have East Asian and South East Asian social and cultural factors except around four tribes who have taken their traditional clothing from the non East Asian Indians and non South East Asian Indians, other cultural factors such as foods, social and cultural morality, traditional battle gears, traditional houses, languages of these four tribes are completely East Asian and South East Asian. ^[9]. The northeastern states with just 25 out of a total of 543 seats in the Lok Sabha are politically insignificant in Delhi

. The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India

The northeastern states are home to many ethnic groups, that are engaged in self-preservation. In recent times, some of these struggles have turned violent, leading to proliferation of armed insurgent groups, like the ULFA, NLFT^[10], NDFB^[11] and NSCN^[12]. The United Liberation Front of Asom is a militant group from Assam, among many other such groups in North-East India. The National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT was formed in December 1989 for the purpose of seceding from India in order to create an independent state of Tripura The National Democratic Front of Bodoland, also known as NDFB or the Bodo Security Force, is a separatist movement that seeks to obtain a sovereign Bodoland The NSCN is the Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland. A brief history of Naga insurgency The word "Naga" denotes a conglomeration Soon after the Sino-Indian War of 1962 and especially after the rise of insurgency in the region, security influence on policies has increased. The Sino-Indian War ( Hindi: भारत-चीन युद्ध Bhārat-Chīn Yuddh) also known as the Sino-Indian Border Conflict, was a war between Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[13]

The region is known for its unique culture, handicrafts, martial arts, and scenic beauty. Problems include insurgency, unemployment, drug addiction, and lack of infrastructure. Since the beginning of the economic liberalization in the 1990s, studies have shown that this region is lagging behind the others in terms of development. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) ^[8]

See also

• North India
• South India
• East India
• West India
• Seven Sister States

Notes

External links

• Infobase of the indigenous Hmar people in NE India
• Sinlung Nation - News of North East India
• Northeast Vigil - the largest and oldest information repository of information on the Northeast
• Arts of the tribal groups in the Northeast
• Books on North East India
• Photographs from the Seven Sister States of North East India