| Norsk Hydro ASA | |
|---|---|
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| Type | Public (OSE: NHY, FWB: NOH, Euronext: NOHYP) |
| Founded | 1905 |
| Headquarters | Oslo, Norway |
| Key people | Eivind Reiten (President and CEO), Terje Vareberg (Chairman of the board) |
| Industry | Metals, manufacturing, renewable energy |
| Products | Aluminium and related products; hydropower and solar power technologies |
| Revenue | NOK 94,316 million (2007)[1] |
| Net income | ▲ NOK 9,158 million (2007)[1] |
| Employees | 24,700 (2007)[1] |
| Website | www.hydro.com |
Norsk Hydro ASA (OSE: NHY, FWB: NOH, Euronext: NOHYP) is a Norwegian aluminium and renewable energy company, headquartered in Oslo. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc The Oslo Stock Exchange ( Oslo Børs) serves as the main market for trading in the shares of Norwegian companies. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. Euronext NV is a pan- European Stock exchange based in Paris and with subsidiaries in Belgium, France, Netherlands (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Eivind Kristofer Reiten (born 1953) is a Norwegian Corporate officer and a Politician for the Centre Party. A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale Renewable energy is Energy generated from Natural resources mdashsuch as Sunlight, Wind, Rain, tides and geothermal In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need WikipediaNaming Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the Force or Energy of moving water which may Solar energy is the Light and radiant heat from the Sun that powers Earth 's Climate and Weather and sustains Life In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services The krone ( sign: kr; code: NOK) is the Currency of Norway. The plural form is kroner. Net income is equal to the Income that a firm has after subtracting costs and Expenses from the total Revenue. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Herøya is a peninsula in the municipality of Porsgrunn. It is located between the fjords of Frierfjord to the west and Gunneklevfjord to the east at the Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Allmennaksjeselskap (lit Common Stock Company or ASA is the Norwegian term for a Public limited company. The Oslo Stock Exchange ( Oslo Børs) serves as the main market for trading in the shares of Norwegian companies. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. Euronext NV is a pan- European Stock exchange based in Paris and with subsidiaries in Belgium, France, Netherlands Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional WikipediaNaming Renewable energy is Energy generated from Natural resources mdashsuch as Sunlight, Wind, Rain, tides and geothermal (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. Hydro is the fourth largest integrated aluminium company worldwide. It has operations in some 40 countries around the world and is active on all continents. The Norwegian state holds a 43. Politics of Norway takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic Constitutional monarchy. 8 percent ownership interest in the company, which employs approximately 28,000 people. Eivind Reiten has been the CEO since 2001. Eivind Kristofer Reiten (born 1953) is a Norwegian Corporate officer and a Politician for the Centre Party.
The company had a significant presence in the oil and gas industry until October 2007, when these operations were merged with rival Statoil to form StatoilHydro. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, StatoilHydro ASA () is a Norwegian energy company formed by the 2007 merger of Statoil with the oil and gas division of
Contents |
History
The first steps with fertilizer
Financed by the Swedish Wallenberg family and French banks, the company was founded on December 2, 1905 as Norsk hydro-elektrisk Kvælstofaktieselskab (lit. The Wallenberg family is one of the most influential and wealthy families in Sweden, renowned as bankers and Industrialists They are considered to be the Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Norwegian hydro-electric nitrogen limited) by Sam Eyde, exploiting a novel technology for producing artificial fertilizers by fixing nitrogen from air. Samuel Eyde ( 29 October 1866, Arendal – 21 June 1940) was a Norwegian engineer and Industrialist Fertilizers ( also spelt fertiliser are chemical compounds given to Plants to promote growth they are usually applied either through the soil for uptake by plant Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 The technology had been developed by the Norwegian scientist Kristian Birkeland, who originally intended to use it in the construction of an electric cannon. Kristian Olaf Birkeland ( December 13, 1867 - June 15, 1917) was born in Christiania ( Oslo today and wrote his first | NOTE Throughout this article "cannon" is used as BOTH the || singular and plural The fertilizer was an important boost for the food production in Europe, which was insufficient for the population at the turn of the century. The process required large amounts of electric energy, and for this, a power plant was built at the Svelgfossen waterfall near Notodden. is a city and municipality in the county of Telemark, Norway. Later also Rjukanfossen waterfall was developed and its power harnessed, in the process establishing the city of Rjukan. Rjukanfossen is a Waterfall of 104 meter in the western part of the Westfjord valley in Tinn, a municipality in the county of Telemark, Norway Rjukan is a city and the administrative center of Tinn municipality in Telemark.
Hydro's first factory was built at Notodden (opened in 1907) followed up with another at Rjukan, Tinn (opened in 1911). is a city and municipality in the county of Telemark, Norway. Events Norsk Hydro, having been founded in 1905, opens up its first plant at Notodden. Rjukan is a city and the administrative center of Tinn municipality in Telemark. Tinn is a municipality in the county of Telemark Norway. The parish of Tin was established as a municipality January 1 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt Events Norsk Hydro 's second plant opens at Rjukan, four years after its first plant at Notodden. Then in 1912 production is established at Glomfjord in Nordland. Events Norsk Hydro establishes Artificial fertilizer production at Glomfjord in Nordland. Glomfjord is an industrial community at the head of a small Fjord of the same name in Meløy municipality northern Norway across the Arctic Circle. is a county in Norway, bordering Troms in the north Nord-Trøndelag in the south Norrbottens län in Sweden to the east Västerbottens In 1930 Norsk Hydro opened a plant at Herøya outside Porsgrunn. Events Having established two years earlier what is to become Norway's largest Industrial park at Herøya outside Porsgrunn, Norsk Hydro Herøya is a peninsula in the municipality of Porsgrunn. It is located between the fjords of Frierfjord to the west and Gunneklevfjord to the east at the Porsgrunn is a town and municipality in the county of Telemark, Norway. To begin with it was to function as a shipping port for the fertilizer as well as a point to import limestone. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 From 1936 Hydro also started producing fertilizer at Herøya. Events Norsk Hydro opens its Herøya plant for the production of Artificial fertilizer. There was also opened a railway, Rjukanbanen, connecting Rjukan with Hærøy. The railway opened in 1909 and consisted of a railway ferry across Tinnsjø, railway again with Tinnosbanen and a barge ride from Borgestad to Herøya with barge on the Telemark Canal. Events Rjukanbanen railway line is opened The 16 km line part of the 80 km Tinnosbanen, connects Mæl and Rjukan in Telemark See also Merchant ship A train ferry is a Ship designed to carry railway vehicles Tinnsjå ( Tinnsjø, Tinnsjøen) is one of the largest lakes in Norway Borgestad ( is a Norwegian shipping, industry and real estate company BARGE, the Big August RecGambling Excursion is a yearly convention held in Las Vegas during the first weekend of August The Telemark Canal originally consisted of two canals The Norsjø - Skien Canal with locks in Skien and Løveid was built in the period The canal was superseded by the railway line Bratsbergbanen in 1916.
By the 1920s, Norsk Hydro's electric arc-based technology for manufacturing artificial fertilizer was no longer able to compete with the newly developed Haber-Bosch process, and in 1927 the company formed a partnership with the German company IG Farben in order to gain access to this process. An electric arc is an Electrical breakdown of a gas which produces an ongoing plasma discharge, resulting from a current flowing through normally nonconductive The Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the Nitrogen fixation reaction of Nitrogen and Hydrogen, over an iron substrate Events Norsk Hydro forms a companionship with the German company IG Farben in order to gain access to the newly developed Haber-Bosch process IG Farben (short for Interessen-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie AG, "syndicate of dyestuff corporations" and also called I By 1945, IG Farben had become a majority shareholder in Norsk Hydro. Events May 8 the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany ends as German forces agree to an unconditional surrender. The plant at Herøya was a direct result of no longer being dependent on immediate proximity to the power sources. Herøya is a peninsula in the municipality of Porsgrunn. It is located between the fjords of Frierfjord to the west and Gunneklevfjord to the east at the This provided the advantage of being able to have the plants and the shipping port in the same location, as was the case with the Herøya plant.
Heavy water production at Rjukan
The Rjukan plant was the only location in Europe which produced heavy water, an essential component in the efforts to make an atom bomb, and consequently was the target of several commando and air raids and a sabotage raid which eventually resulted in the plant's destruction and later reconstruction. Heavy water is water which contains a higher proportion than normal of the Isotope Deuterium, as deuterium oxide, D2O or ²H2O The Norwegian heavy water sabotage was a series of actions taken by Norwegian saboteurs during World War II to prevent the German nuclear energy project from acquiring (This story was portrayed in the Kirk Douglas movie The Heroes of Telemark. Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch; December 9, The Heroes of Telemark is a 1965 War film directed by Anthony Mann based on the story of the Norwegian heavy water sabotage during )
The first metal
The first steps towards light metal production came in 1940 when Hydro started construction of a magnesium carbonate plant at Herøya, but the German invasion of Norway stopped the plans. Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 Bécancour is a Town in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada; it is the seat of the Light metals are Metals of low Atomic weight. The cut off between light metals and Heavy metals varies 1940 is the year when Norway becomes drawn into World War II. Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3 is a white Solid that occurs in nature as a Mineral. Operation Weserübung was the codename for Nazi Germany 's assault on Denmark and Norway during World War II and the opening operation
During the Second World War Norsk Hydro collaborated intimately with Nazi Germany during the first part of the war. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Besides IG Farben, Norsk Hydro also cooperated closely with the Luftwaffe-operated Nordische Aluminium Aktiengesellschaft (Nordag) in building new aluminium and magnesium plants in support of the German war effort. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. WikipediaNaming Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 The construction was however ended on July 24, 1943 when an allied bombardment completely destroyed the facilities, killing 55 construction workers. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. As Germany's defeat became more likely, Norsk Hydro started to tone down its collaborative relations with the occupier.
In 1946 the Årdal aluminium plant was opened, operated by the state owned company Årdal og Sunndal Verk. Events Årdal og Sunndal Verk is established as a state-run corporation with the task of finishing unfinished industrial facilities started by the German occupational Årdal is a municipality in the county of Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. Årdal og Sunndal Verk or ÅSV is a defunct Norwegian state owned company that operated the Aluminum plants in Årdal, Sunndal In a merger Hydro acquired this company in 1986, in essence establishing the light metal division Hydro Aluminium. Events Norsk Hydro acquires Årdal og Sunndal Verk in a merger to create the Light metal division Hydro Aluminium. Light metals are Metals of low Atomic weight. The cut off between light metals and Heavy metals varies Årdal og Sunndal Verk or ÅSV is a defunct Norwegian state owned company that operated the Aluminum plants in Årdal, Sunndal
Since 1919 there had first been zinc, then aluminium production at Glomfjord in Northern Norway. Events Production of Zinc begins in Glomfjord at the state-owned industrial plant Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Glomfjord is an industrial community at the head of a small Fjord of the same name in Meløy municipality northern Norway across the Arctic Circle. Hydro bought the power plant in 1947 and started ammonia production there instead. Events Owned by Norsk Hydro between 1912 and 1918, the Artificial fertilizer production at Glomfjord is leased back In the 1950s Hydro opened a new magnesium plant in Herøya and in 1963 Hydro started in cooperation with Harvey Aluminum a plant at Karmøy to produce aluminium. Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 Events Norsk Hydro in cooperation with Harvey Aluminum starts Alnor a plant at Karmøy to produce Aluminium. Karmøy is a municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located southwest of the city of Haugesund. The plant, called Alnor, was purchased in whole by Hydro in 1973.
In 2002 Hydro acquired the leading German aluminium producer Vereinigte Aluminium Werke from the German utility company E.ON. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. EON AG ( an energy corporation based in Düsseldorf, Germany, is the largest of the 30 members of the DAX Stock index of major
Into the petroleum age
In 1965 Hydro joined Elf Aquitaine and six other French companies to form Petronord to perform search for oil and gas in the North Sea. Hydro Oil & Gas is a defunct division of Norsk Hydro that operated within the oil and gas industry Events Norsk Hydro joins Elf Aquitaine and six other French companies to form Petronord to perform search for oil and gas in the Elf Aquitaine was a French Oil company which merged with TotalFina to form TotalFinaElf. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. Hydro soon became a large company in the North Sea petroleum industry, and also became operator of a number of fields, the first being Oseberg.
In 1969 Hydro started its first international operations, with a 25% stake in a fertilizer plant in Qatar. Qatar ( قطر; ˈqɑtˁɑr local pronunciation giṭar officially the State of Qatar (Arabic دولة قطر transliterated
Hydro acquired in the late 1980s the Mobil service stations in Norway, Sweden and Denmark, changing their name to Hydro. Mobil Gas Station by David Shankbonejpg|thumb|Mobil gas station East Village section of New York City]] Mobil was a major American oil company Hydro is chain of Fuel stations throughout Sweden owned by StatoilHydro. In 1995 Hydro merged its gas stations in Norway and Denmark with the Texaco, creating the joint venture HydroTexaco. Events Norsk Hydro merges its Gas stations in Norway and Denmark with the Texaco, creating the Joint venture HydroTexaco A filling station, fueling station, gas station, service station, petrol station, or gasbar, Retail Outlet Texaco is the name of an American oil retail brand Its flagship product is its fuel "Texaco with Techron" A joint venture (often abbreviated JV) is an entity formed between two or more parties to undertake economic activity together YX Energi, formerly known as Hydro Texaco, is a Norwegian and Danish Gas station chain formed after the merge of the Hydro and The service station chain was sold in 2006 to Reitangruppen. Events September The Death of Eugene Ejike Obiora at the hands of arresting police officers in Trondheim triggers massive protests across Reitan Group or Reitangruppen is a Norwegian Wholesaler and Retail franchiser Included in its portfolio is REMA 1000 In 1999 Hydro acquired Norway's third largest petroleum company Saga Petroleum, which had major upstream operations primarily in Norway and the United Kingdom. Events Saga Petroleum, Norway's third largest petroleum company is acquired by Norsk Hydro. Saga Petroleum was a Norwegian upstream Petroleum company established in 1972 that was acquired by Norsk Hydro in 1999 See also Extraction of petroleum The Petroleum industry is usually divided into three major components Upstream Midstream and downstream. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The British operations were later sold.
Hydro's fertilizer business was spun off as a separately stock-listed company under the name of Yara International on March 26, 2004. Yara ( is a Norwegian company and a world leading supplier of plant nutrients in the form of mineral Fertilizers The core business of Yara is production Events March 26 Norsk Hydro 's Fertilizer business was spun off as a separately stock-listed company under the name of Yara International Hydro distributed all its Yara shares to Hydro's shareholders and presently has no ownership in Yara.
In December 2006 Norsk Hydro revealed a proposal to merge their oil business with compatriate oil and gas company Statoil. Events September The Death of Eugene Ejike Obiora at the hands of arresting police officers in Trondheim triggers massive protests across Statoil ASA was a Norwegian Petroleum company established in 1972, now part of StatoilHydro. [2] Under the rules of the EEA the proposal was approved by the European Union on May 3, 2007[3] and by the Norwegian Parliament on June 8, 2007. The European Economic Area ( EEA) came into being on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between member states of European Free Trade Association (EFTAthe The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Storting ( Stortinget, literally "the Great Thing /Assembly" is the Norwegian Parliament, and is located in the capital city [4] The merger was completed by 1 October 2007. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Events September 10 Municipal and county elections throughout the country Hydro’s shareholders took 32. 7% of the new company—StatoilHydro—shares. StatoilHydro ASA () is a Norwegian energy company formed by the 2007 merger of Statoil with the oil and gas division of [3]
Operations
Energy
Hydro is a major producer of wind and hydroelectric power. Wind Power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form such as electricity using Wind turbines At the end of 2007 worldwide capacity of wind-powered generators was Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water In May 2005, Norsk Hydro became a major backer of a Portuguese wave-farming project to produce electricity from wave power. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The project will use Pelamis P-750 Wave Energy Converters developed by Ocean Power Delivery to produce an estimated 2. 25 megawatts of renewable energy in the subsequent year. The watt (symbol W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one Joule of energy per Second. Renewable energy is Energy generated from Natural resources mdashsuch as Sunlight, Wind, Rain, tides and geothermal
Aluminium
Hydro is the fourth largest integrated aluminium company world wide. WikipediaNaming In Norway Hydro has plants in Rjukan, Porsgrunn, Vennesla, Karmøy, Høyanger, Årdal, Sunndalsøra, Holmestrand, Magnor and Raufoss. Rjukan is a city and the administrative center of Tinn municipality in Telemark. Porsgrunn is a town and municipality in the county of Telemark, Norway. Vennesla is a municipality in Vest-Agder county, Norway. Vennesla was separated from Øvrebø in 1861 Karmøy is a municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located southwest of the city of Haugesund. is a municipality in the county of Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sogn. Årdal is a municipality in the county of Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. is the administrative centre of Sunndal municipality Norway, located at the outlet of the river Driva at the head of the Sunndalsfjord. is a city and municipality in Vestfold county Norway The city was established as a municipality January 1, 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt) This article is about a Norwegian village For the band Magnor see Magnor (band. Raufoss is the municipal centre of Vestre Toten, a municipality in the county of Oppland, Norway. The corporation also has plants abroad.
Hydro Agri
Though Hydro started off as a fertilizer producer and agricultural products was for a long time one of the companies major ventures, the agricultural division was in 2004 demerged into the independent company Yara International, listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. Events March 26 Norsk Hydro 's Fertilizer business was spun off as a separately stock-listed company under the name of Yara International Yara ( is a Norwegian company and a world leading supplier of plant nutrients in the form of mineral Fertilizers The core business of Yara is production
Chief Executive Officers
- 1905–1917 Sam Eyde
- 1918–1926 Harald Bjerke
- 1926–1941 Axel Aubert
- 1941–1956 Bjarne Eriksen
- 1956–1967 Rolf Østbye
- 1967–1977 Johan B. Samuel Eyde ( 29 October 1866, Arendal – 21 June 1940) was a Norwegian engineer and Industrialist Holte
- 1977–1984 Odd Narud
- 1984–1991 Torvild Aakvaag
- 1991–2001 Egil Myklebust
- 2001– Eivind Reiten
External links
- Official website
- Company history website
- Pelamis Wave Energy Converter
- Hydro operated oil fields Detailed list of all oil fields operated by Hydro. Egil Myklebust (born June 9, 1942 in Kvinnherad, Norway) is a Norwegian Businessperson and Lawyer. Eivind Kristofer Reiten (born 1953) is a Norwegian Corporate officer and a Politician for the Centre Party.
References
- ^ a b c Annual Report 2007. Norsk Hydro. Retrieved on 2008-05-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed
- ^ Hydro's oil and gas activities to merge with Statoil, Norsk Hydro, published 2006-12-18, accessed 2007-06-20
- ^ a b EU regulators approve Statoil, Norsk Hydro merger, EU Business, published 2007-05-03, accessed 2007-06-20
- ^ Norwegian Parliament Okays Statoil-Hydro Merger, Ocean-Resources, published 2007-06-11, accessed 2007-06-20
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