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Norman Percevel Rockwell

Photographic portrait of Rockwell
Born February 3, 1894(1894-02-03)
New York City, New York
Died November 8, 1978 (aged 84)
Stockbridge, Massachusetts
Occupation Painter
Spouse 1) Irene O'Connor (m. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The City of New York Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Stockbridge is a town in Berkshire County in Western Massachusetts. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e 1916 div. 1930)
2) Mary Barstow (m. Apr 17 1930, her death) 3 children
3) Molly Punderson (m. Oct 25 1961, until his death)
Children Jarvis Waring Rockwell
Thomas Rhodes Rockwell
Peter Barstow Rockwell
Parents Jarvis Waring and Ann (Hill) Rockwell

Norman Percevel Rockwell (February 3, 1894November 8, 1978) was a 20th century American painter and illustrator. Thomas Rhodes Rockwell ( March 13, 1933) (son of the American artist Norman Rockwell) is the Author of a number of books for young readers Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Americana refers to artifacts of the Culture of the United States, the history and folklore resultant from its Westward expansion. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e For the vector -based drawing program by Adobe Systems, see Adobe Illustrator. His works enjoy a broad popular appeal in the United States, where Rockwell is most famous for the cover illustrations of everyday life scenarios he created for The Saturday Evening Post magazine over more than four decades. Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Saturday Evening Post was a weekly Magazine published in the United States from August 4, 1821 to February 8, Among the best-known of Rockwell's works are the Willie Gillis series, Rosie the Riveter (although his Rosie was reproduced less than others of the day), Saying Grace (1951), and the Four Freedoms series. Willie Gillis is a fictional character created by Norman Rockwell for a series of World War II paintings that appeared on the cover of The Saturday Evening Rosie the Riveter is a Cultural icon of the United States, representing the six million women who entered the Workforce for the first time during The Four Freedoms or Four Essential Human Freedoms is a series of Oil paintings produced in 1943 by Norman Rockwell

Contents

Biography

Early life

Rockwell was born on February 3, 1894, in New York City to Jarvis Waring and Ann Mary Rockwell (nee Hill). Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The City of New York

He had one brother, Jarvis Rockwell. Norman transferred from high school to the Chase Art School at the age of 14. High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution He then went on to the National Academy of Design and finally to the Art Students League. The National Academy of Design, in New York City, now called simply The National Academy is an honorary association of American Artists with a Museum The Art Students League of New York is an Art school located on West 57th Street in New York City. There, he was taught by Thomas Fogarty, George Bridgman, and Frank Vincent Dumond; his early works were produced for St. Nicholas Magazine, the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) publication Boys' Life and other juvenile publications. George Brandt Bridgman (born in 1865 in Canada - died in 1943 was a painter, Writer, and Teacher in the fields of anatomy and figure drawing The St Nicholas Magazine (1873-1941 was a successful American children's magazine published by Scribner's beginning in November 1873 and designed for The Boy Scouts of America ( BSA) is the largest youth organization in the United States with over five million Boys' Life is the monthly Magazine of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA Joseph Csatari carried on his legacy and style for the BSA. Joseph Csatari (born 1929 is an internationally-acclaimed realist portrait artist watercolorist and illustrator who has painted both the famous and the familiar in American life

As a student, Rockwell was given smaller, less important jobs. His first major breakthrough came in 1912 at age eighteen with his first book illustration for Carl H. Claudy's Tell Me Why: Stories about Mother Nature.

Scout at Ship's Wheel, 1913
Scout at Ship's Wheel, 1913

In 1913, the nineteen-year old Rockwell became the art editor for Boys' Life, published by the Boy Scouts of America, a post he held for three years (1913–1916). Boys' Life is the monthly Magazine of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA The Boy Scouts of America ( BSA) is the largest youth organization in the United States with over five million [1] As part of that position, he painted several covers, beginning with his first published magazine cover, Scout at Ship's Wheel, appearing on the Boys' Life September 1913 edition. Boys' Life is the monthly Magazine of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA

World War I

During the First World War, he tried to enlist into the U.S. Navy but was refused entry because, at 6 feet (1. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All 83 m) tall and 140 pounds (64 kg), he was eight pounds underweight. To compensate, he spent one night gorging himself on bananas, liquids and donuts, and weighed enough to enlist the next day. However, he was given the role of a military artist and did not see any action during his tour of duty.

Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Speech

Rockwell's family moved to New Rochelle, New York at age 21 and shared a studio with the cartoonist Clyde Forsythe, who worked for The Saturday Evening Post. New Rochelle ( French: Nouvelle-Rochelle) is a city in the south-east portion of the U New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous A cartoonist is a person who specializes in drawing Cartoons Traditionally much of this work was and still is humorous and is intended primarily for entertainment purposes With Forsythe's help, he submitted his first successful cover painting to the Post in 1916, Mother's Day Off (published on May 20). Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held He followed that success with Circus Barker and Strongman (published on June 3), Gramps at the Plate (August 5), Redhead Loves Hatty Perkins (September 16), People in a Theatre Balcony (October 14) and Man Playing Santa (December 9). Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Rockwell was published eight times total on the Post cover within the first twelve months. Norman Rockwell published a total of 321 original covers for The Saturday Evening Post over 47 years.

Rockwell's success on the cover of the Post led to covers for other magazines of the day, most notably The Literary Digest, The Country Gentleman, Leslie's Weekly, Judge, Peoples Popular Monthly and Life Magazine. The Literary Digest was an influential general-interest weekly Magazine in the early 20th century United States, published by Funk and Wagnalls Frank Leslie's Weekly, later often known in short as Leslie's Weekly was an American Illustrated literary and news magazine founded in 1852 and continuing A judge, or justice, is an Official who presides over a Court of law

Personal life

Rockwell married his first wife, Irene O'Connor, in 1916. Irene was Rockwell's model in Mother Tucking Children into Bed, published on the cover of The Literary Digest on January 19, 1921. The Literary Digest was an influential general-interest weekly Magazine in the early 20th century United States, published by Funk and Wagnalls Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar However, the couple divorced in 1930. He quickly married schoolteacher Mary Barstow, with whom he had three children: Jarvis Waring, Thomas Rhodes and Peter Barstow. Thomas Rhodes Rockwell ( March 13, 1933) (son of the American artist Norman Rockwell) is the Author of a number of books for young readers The family lived in New Rochelle, New York. New Rochelle ( French: Nouvelle-Rochelle) is a city in the south-east portion of the U Rockwell and his wife were not very religious, although they were members of ‎St. John's Wilmot Church, an Episcopalian church near their home, and had their sons baptized there as well. StJohn's Wilmot Church in New Rochelle, New York, is an Episcopal parish serving the 'Sound Shore' communities of southern Westchester County Rockwell moved to Arlington, Vermont in 1939 where his work began to reflect small-town life. Arlington is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. In 1953, the Rockwell family moved to Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Six years later, Mary Barstow Rockwell died unexpectedly. In 1961, Rockwell married Molly Punderson, a retired teacher.

World War II

The rear of Norman Rockwell's preserved studio.
The rear of Norman Rockwell's preserved studio.

In 1943, during the Second World War, Rockwell painted the Four Freedoms series, which was completed in seven months and resulted in his losing 15 pounds. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Four Freedoms or Four Essential Human Freedoms is a series of Oil paintings produced in 1943 by Norman Rockwell The series was inspired by a speech by Franklin D. Roosevelt, in which he described four principles for universal rights: Freedom from Want, Freedom of Speech, Freedom to Worship, and Freedom from Fear. The Four Freedoms are goals famously articulated by United States President Franklin D The paintings were published in 1943 by The Saturday Evening Post. The U.S. Treasury Department later promoted war bonds by exhibiting the originals in 16 cities. The United States Department of the Treasury is a Cabinet department and the Treasury of the United States government. War bonds are a type of Savings bond used by combatant nations to help fund a war effort and as a Monetary policy for controlling Inflation from an Rockwell himself considered "Freedom of Speech" to be the best of the four. That same year a fire in his studio destroyed numerous original paintings, costumes, and props. Fire is the heat and light energy released during a Chemical reaction, in particular a combustion reaction.

During the late 1940s, Norman Rockwell spent the winter months as artist-in-residence at Otis College of Art and Design. Otis College of Art and Design is an art and design college located in Los Angeles, California. Students occasionally were models for his Saturday Evening Post covers. The Saturday Evening Post was a weekly Magazine published in the United States from August 4, 1821 to February 8, In 1949, Rockwell donated an original Post cover, "April Fool," to be raffled off in a library fund raiser.

Later, in 1953, his wife Mary died unexpectedly, and Rockwell took time off from his work to grieve. It was during this break that he and his son Thomas produced his autobiography, My Adventures as an Illustrator, which was published in 1960. An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write" The Post printed excerpts from this book in eight consecutive issues, the first containing Rockwell's famous Triple Self-Portrait.

Later career

Norman Rockwell
Norman Rockwell

Rockwell married his third wife, retired Milton Academy English teacher, Molly Punderson, in 1961. Milton Academy is a private, preparatory, Coeducational boarding and Day school in Milton Massachusetts. His last painting for the Post was published in 1963, marking the end of a publishing relationship that had included 321 cover paintings. He spent the next 10 years painting for Look magazine, where his work depicted his interests in civil rights, poverty and space exploration. Look was a bi-weekly, general-interest Magazine published in Des Moines, Iowa from 1937 to 1971 with more of an emphasis on Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and History First orbital flights The first successful orbital launch was of the Soviet unmanned Sputnik

During his long career, he was commissioned to paint the portraits for Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon, as well as those of foreign figures, including Gamal Abdel Nasser and Jawaharlal Nehru. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Gamal Abdel Nasser (جمال عبد الناصر Gamāl ‘Abd an-Nāṣir; - January 15 1918 September 28 1970) was the second President Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party One of his last works was a portrait of legendary singer Judy Garland in 1969. Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10 1922 – June 22 1969 was an American actress and singer

A custodianship of 574 of his original paintings and drawings was established with Rockwell's help near his home in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, and the museum is still open today year round. Stockbridge is a town in Berkshire County in Western Massachusetts. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. [2] For "vivid and affectionate portraits of our country," Rockwell received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977, the United States of America's highest civilian honor. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is a decoration bestowed by the President of the United States and is along with the equivalent Congressional Gold Medal bestowed A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces.

Rockwell died November 8, 1978 of emphysema at age 84 in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Emphysema is a chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease ( COPD) formerly termed a chronic obstructive Lung disease (COLD First Lady Rosalynn Carter attended his funeral. Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Carter (born August 18 1927 is the wife of former United States President Jimmy Carter and was First Lady of the United States

Body of work

His first Scouting calendar (1925)
His first Scouting calendar (1925)

Norman Rockwell was very prolific, and produced over 4,000 original works, most of which have been either destroyed by fire or are in permanent collections. Rockwell was also commissioned to illustrate over 40 books including Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, by Mark Twain, is a popular 1876 Novel about a young boy growing up in the Antebellum South Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (often shortened to Huck Finn) is a novel written by American Humorist Mark Twain. His annual contributions for the Boy Scouts' calendars between 1925 and 1976 (Rockwell was a 1939 recipient of the Silver Buffalo Award, the highest adult award given by the Boy Scouts of America[3]), were only slightly overshadowed by his most popular of calendar works: the "Four Seasons" illustrations for Brown & Bigelow that were published for 17 years beginning in 1947 and reproduced in various styles and sizes since 1964. The Silver Buffalo Award is the national-level distinguished service award of the Boy Scouts of America. The Boy Scouts of America ( BSA) is the largest youth organization in the United States with over five million Brown & Bigelow of St Paul Minn is the art company that published Rolf Armstrong, Gil Elvgren, Vaughn Alden Bass, Mabel Rollins Harris Illustrations for booklets, catalogs, posters (particularly movie promotions), sheet music, stamps, playing cards, and murals (including "Yankee Doodle Dandy", which was completed in 1936 for the Nassau Inn in Princeton, New Jersey) rounded out Rockwell's œuvre as an illustrator. A playing card is a piece of specially prepared heavy paper thin card or thin plastic figured with distinguishing motifs and used as one of a set for playing Card games See also Princeton Township New Jersey, Borough of Princeton New Jersey Princeton Borough New Jersey Princeton Township New Jersey this

The problem we all live with
The problem we all live with

In 1969, as a tribute to Rockwell's 75th year birthday, officials of Brown & Bigelow and the Boy Scouts of America asked Rockwell to pose in Beyond the Easel, the calendar illustration that year. [4]

Rockwell's work was dismissed by serious art critics in his lifetime. [5] Many of his works appear overly sweet in modern critics' eyes,[6] especially the Saturday Evening Post covers, which tend toward idealistic or sentimentalized portrayals of American life— this has led to the often-deprecatory adjective "Rockwellesque. " Consequently, Rockwell is not considered a "serious painter" by some contemporary artists, who often regard his work as bourgeois and kitsch. Kitsch /kɪtʃ/ is a term of German or Yiddish origin that has been used to categorize art that is considered an inferior tasteless copy of an existing Writer Vladimir Nabokov sneered that Rockwell's brilliant technique was put to "banal" use, and wrote in his book Pnin: "That Dalí is really Norman Rockwell's twin brother kidnapped by Gypsies in babyhood". This page is about the novelist For his father the politician see Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov. For the Russian poet see Ivan Pnin. Pnin is the fourth Novel written in English by Vladimir Nabokov; it was published Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist He is called an "illustrator" instead of an artist by some critics, a designation he did not mind, as it was what he called himself. [7]

Beyond the Easel, 1969 calendar
Beyond the Easel, 1969 calendar

However, in his later years, Rockwell began receiving more attention as a painter when he chose more serious subjects such as the series on racism for Look magazine. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that Look was a bi-weekly, general-interest Magazine published in Des Moines, Iowa from 1937 to 1971 with more of an emphasis on [8] One example of this more serious work is The Problem We All Live With, which dealt with the issue of school integration. Racial integration, or simply integration includes Desegregation (the process of ending systematic Racial segregation) The painting depicts a young African American girl, Ruby Bridges, flanked by white federal marshals, walking to school past a wall defaced by racist graffiti. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Ruby Bridges Hall (born Ruby Nell Bridges September 8 White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that Graffiti (singular graffito; the plural is used as a Mass noun) is the name for images or lettering scratched scrawled painted or marked in any manner on property

In 1999, New Yorker art critic Peter Schjeldahl said of Rockwell in ArtNews: “Rockwell is terrific. It’s become too tedious to pretend he isn’t. ”[5]

Rockwell's work was exhibited at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 2001. This article refers to the Guggenheim's landmark New York museum [9] Rockwell's Breaking Home Ties sold for $15. 4 million at a 2006 Sotheby’s auction. Sotheby's ( is the world's second oldest Auction house in continuous operation (the oldest being Stockholms Auktionsverk founded in 1674 [5] In 2008, a twelve-city U. S. tour of Rockwell's works is scheduled. [1]

Rockwell's influence

Major works

The Rookie, one of many Saturday Evening Post covers
The Rookie, one of many Saturday Evening Post covers

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Rockwell and Csatari: A tour de force" (March–April, 2008). Boys' Life is the monthly Magazine of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA The Saturday Evening Post was a weekly Magazine published in the United States from August 4, 1821 to February 8, The Saturday Evening Post was a weekly Magazine published in the United States from August 4, 1821 to February 8, The Four Freedoms or Four Essential Human Freedoms is a series of Oil paintings produced in 1943 by Norman Rockwell Breaking Home Ties was painted by Norman Rockwell for the September 25 1954 cover of The Saturday Evening Post. The Norman Rockwell Museum is home to the world's largest collection of original Rockwell art The National Museum of American Illustration (NMAI founded in 1998 is one of the first Museums to be devoted exclusively to American Illustration artwork The Four Freedoms or Four Essential Human Freedoms is a series of Oil paintings produced in 1943 by Norman Rockwell Norman Rockwell's World An American Dream is a 1972 short Documentary film directed by Robert Deubel Scouting magazine: p. Scouting magazine is a bimonthly publication of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA 6.  
  2. ^ Norman Rockwell Museum
  3. ^ Official List of Silver Buffalo award Recipients (accessed July 17, 2007)
  4. ^ William Hillcourt (1977). William Hillcourt (August 6 1900 &ndash November 9 1992 also popularly known within the Scouting movement as "Green Bar Bill" and "Scoutmaster to Norman Rockwell's World of Scouting. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0810915820.  
  5. ^ a b c d Windolf, Jim; "Keys to the Kingdom"; vanityfair.com; February 2008
  6. ^ Solomon, Deborah, In Praise of Bad Art, The New York Times
  7. ^ Art of Illustration, Norman Rockwell Museum
  8. ^ Norman Rockwell Wins Medal of Freedom, Mass Moments
  9. ^ Norman Rockwell at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.
  10. ^ Gates, Anita, Looking Beyond the Myth-Making Easel of Mr. Thanksgiving, The New York Times
  11. ^ Corliss, Richard, The World According to Gump, TIME
  12. ^ Aronovich, Hannah (2006-04-20). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Field's, Federated and More Feuds. Gothamist LLC. Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
  13. ^ Norman Rockwell Of Field's Store Goes Missing. NBC5. com (2006-04-21). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
  14. ^ Aronovich, Hannah (2006-04-20). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Field's, Federated and More Feuds. Gothamist LLC. Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.

Further reading

External links

Persondata
NAME Rockwell, Norman
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION Painter
DATE OF BIRTH February 3, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH New York City
DATE OF DEATH November 8, 1978
PLACE OF DEATH Stockbridge, Massachusetts
Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar)
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