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Norman Granz (Los Angeles, USA, August 6, 1918 - Geneva, Switzerland, November 22, 2001), was an American jazz music impresario and producer. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Impresario, from the Italian impresa an enterprise or undertaking is a traditional term still very much in use in the Entertainment industry for Granz was Born in Los Angeles, and his parents were Jewish immigrants from Tiraspol. Tiraspol (ti'raspol Russian and Ukrainian: Тирáсполь Moldavian Cyrillic: Тираспол is the second largest city in Moldova Granz was a fundamental figure in American jazz music, especially of the 1950s and the 1960s. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 He was the founder of Verve and Pablo Records. Verve Records is an American Jazz Record label now owned by the Universal Music Group. Pablo Records was a Record label founded

Contents

Life and career

He first emerged into the public view with a memorable concert in Los Angeles' Philharmonic Auditorium under the heading of "Jazz at the Philharmonic" (JATP), from which he produced perhaps the first live Jam session recording to be distributed to a wide market; until then this kind of music was generally considered to be either an avant-garde style or, less charitably, a cacophony. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Jazz at the Philharmonic or JATP (1944 - 1983 was the title of a series of Concerts and Recordings produced by Norman Granz (1918 - 2001 A jam session is a Musical act where Musicians gather and play (or "jam") without extensive preparation or predefined Arrangements The group which performed at that concert, featuring Ray Brown, Coleman Hawkins, Charlie Parker ("The Bird"), Sonny Criss, Nat King Cole (as a pianist, not as a singer), Hank Jones, Shelly Manne, Fats Navarro, Flip Phillips and Tommy Turk, then had two yearly tours from 1946 to 1949; annual JATP tours continued until 1957, and were briefly revived in 1967. Raymond Matthews Brown ( October 13 1926 &ndash July 2 2002) was an American Jazz Double bassist. Coleman Randolph Hawkins ( November 21 1904 - May 19 1969) Nicknamed "Hawk" and sometimes "Bean" was a prominent William "Sonny" Criss ( October 23, 1927 - November 19, 1977) was an American Jazz musician. Nathaniel Adams Coles (March 17 1919 &ndash February 15 1965 known professionally as Nat King Cole, was an American musician A pianist (/'piənɪst/ is a Musician who plays the Piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces play with an ensemble or Orchestra Henry "Hank" Jones (born July 31, 1918) is an American Jazz Pianist, Bandleader, and Composer Shelly Manne (June 11 1920&ndashSeptember 26 1984 born Sheldon Manne in New York City, was an American jazz drummer. Theodore "Fats" Navarro ( 24 September, 1923 – 7 July, 1950) was an American Jazz Trumpet player Flip Phillips ( February 26 1915 — August 17 2001) was a Jazz Tenor saxophone and Clarinet player Tommy Turk (1927 – 1981 was a Jazz trombonist from Johnstown Pennsylvania. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. As is common in the genre, many legends now accompany the person: about this production, it is said that the title of the concert had been shortened by the printer of the advertising supplements, and that Granz had organised it with about $200 of borrowed money.

Granz signed an agreement with Mercury Records for the promotion and the distribution of the JATP and other records. Mercury Records is a Record label operating as a standalone company in the UK and as part of the Island Def Jam Music Group in the US and are both subsidiaries of This agreement expired in 1953, and Granz created his first independent label (Clef Records) to follow the JATP project. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He also created Norgran Records and Down Home Records, meant to be reserved for traditional jazz works.

Many of the names that made history in jazz signed with one of his labels, including Cannonball Adderley, Louis Armstrong, Count Basie, Louie Bellson, Benny Carter, Buck Clayton, Paulinho Da Costa, Buddy DeFranco, Roy Eldridge, Tal Farlow, Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, Lionel Hampton, Billie Holiday, Milt Jackson, Illinois Jacquet, Barney Kessel, Gene Krupa, Howard McGhee, Thelonious Monk, Bill Evans, Gerry Mulligan, Anita O'Day, Charlie Parker, Joe Pass, Oscar Peterson, Flip Phillips, Bud Powell, Sonny Stitt, Art Tatum, Ben Webster and Lester Young. Julian Edwin "Cannonball" Adderley ( September 15 1928 – August 8 1975) was a Jazz alto saxophonist of Louis Armstrong (August 4 1901 &ndash July 6 1971 nicknamed Satchmo or Sachimo and Pops, was an American Jazz Trumpeter William "Count" Basie ( August 21, 1904 &ndash April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, Organist Luigi Paulino Alfredo Francesco Antonio Balassoni (born 6 July 1924) better known by the Stage name Louie Bellson (his own preferred spelling Bennett Lester Carter (born August 8, 1907 in Harlem New York; died July 12, 2003 in Los Angeles California) was Buck Clayton (born Wilbur Dorsey Clayton in Parsons Kansas on November 12, 1911 -died in New York City on December 8 Paulinho Da Costa ( May 31, 1948) is a Percussionist born in Rio de Janeiro Brazil, and is considered one of the most recorded musicians Boniface Ferdinand Leonard "Buddy" DeFranco (born February 17, 1923 in Camden New Jersey) is a Jazz Clarinet player Roy David Eldridge ( January 30, 1911 &ndash February 26, 1989) nicknamed "Little Jazz" was an American Talmage Holt Farlow ( June 7, 1921 &ndash July 25, 1998) was a Jazz Guitarist He was born in Greensboro North Stanley Gayetzky ( February 2, 1927 in Philadelphia – June 6, 1991 in Malibu, California) usually known by John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie ( October 21 1917 &ndash January 6 1993) was an American Jazz Trumpeter Lionel Leo Hampton ( April 20, 1908 &ndash August 31, 2002) was an American Jazz Vibraphonist, Percussionist Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan; April 7 1915 – July 17 1959 was an American Jazz singer and songwriter Milton (Milt Jackson (January 1 1923 in Detroit Michigan &ndash October 9 1999 was an American Jazz Vibraphonist and one of the most important figures Jean-Baptiste Illinois Jacquet ( October 31, 1922 &ndash July 22, 2004) was a Jazz tenor Saxophonist most famous for his Barney Kessel ( October 17, 1923 &ndash May 6, 2004) was an American Jazz Guitarist born in Muskogee Oklahoma Gene Krupa ( January 15, 1909 &ndash October 16, 1973) was an influential American Jazz and Big band Drummer Howard McGhee (b March 6 1918 Tulsa OK - d July 17 1987 New York City) was one of the very first Bebop Thelonious Sphere Monk ( October 10, 1917 - February 17, 1982) was an American Jazz Pianist and Composer. William John Evans (better known as Bill Evans) ( August 16, 1929 &ndash September 15, 1980) was one of the most famous and influential Gerald Joseph "Gerry" Mulligan (April 6 1927 – January 20 1996 was an American Jazz saxophonist Composer and arranger. Anita O'Day ( October 18, 1919 &ndash November 23, 2006) was an American Jazz singer Joe Pass (born Joseph Anthony Passalaqua, January 13, 1929, New Brunswick, New Jersey, U Oscar Emmanuel Peterson, CC, CQ, OOnt ( 15 August 1925 – 23 December 2007) was a Canadian Flip Phillips ( February 26 1915 — August 17 2001) was a Jazz Tenor saxophone and Clarinet player Earl Rudolph "Bud" Powell ( September 27[[ 924]] &ndash July 31[[ 966]] in New York City) was an American Jazz pianist, usually considered Edward "Sonny" Stitt (b February 2, 1924, Boston Massachusetts &ndash d Arthur Tatum Jr ( October 13, 1909 – November 5, 1956) was an American Jazz Pianist and Virtuoso. Benjamin Francis Webster ( March 27 1909 &ndash September 20 1973) aka " The Brute " or " Frog," was an Lester Willis Young ( August 27, 1909 &ndash March 15, 1959) nickname 'Prez' was an American Jazz tenor Saxophonist

It was in 1956 that Ella Fitzgerald finally joined Granz's "community", after her long-term contract with Decca Records expired, and Granz unified his activities under the common label of Verve Records. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25 1917 &ndash June 15 1996 also known as " Lady Ella " and the "First Lady of Song" is considered one of the most influential Decca Records is a British Record label established in 1929 by Edward Lewis. Verve Records is an American Jazz Record label now owned by the Universal Music Group. Granz became Fitzgerald's manager, and remained so until the end of her career.

Fitzgerald's memorable series of eight "Songbooks", together with the duet series (notably Armstrong-Peterson, Fitzgerald-Basie, Fitzgerald-Pass and Getz-Peterson) achieved a wide popularity and brought acclaim to the label and to the artists. The Ella Fitzgerald Songbooks were a series of eight studio albums released in irregular intervals between 1956 and 1964 recorded by the American Jazz singer

In 1960 Verve Records was sold to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Granz retired to Switzerland, where he founded his last label (Pablo Records) in 1973. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Verve Records is an American Jazz Record label now owned by the Universal Music Group. Pablo Records was a Record label founded Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar.

He died of cancer in 2001. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.

Anti-racism

Norman Granz is generally remembered also for his notable anti-racist position and for the battles he consequently fought for his artists (many of whom were black, perhaps the majority), in times and places where skin color was the cause of open discrimination. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that In 1955, in Houston, Texas, he personally removed the labels "White" and "Negro" that would have separated the audience in the auditorium where two concerts were to be performed by (among others) Ella Fitzgerald and Dizzy Gillespie; between the two shows they were found playing cards in the dressing room and arrested by local police, but after some nervous negotiations allowed to perform the second show, and only formally released after that. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Oscar Peterson recounted how Granz once continued to insist that white cabdrivers take his black artists as customers even while a policeman was pointing a loaded pistol at his stomach from close range (Granz won). Oscar Emmanuel Peterson, CC, CQ, OOnt ( 15 August 1925 – 23 December 2007) was a Canadian Granz also was among the first to pay white and black artists the same salary and to give them equal treatment even in minor details, like dressing rooms.

Beloved by his artists (in part because he paid more than average), he had three main goals, as he repeatedly and frankly declared: to fight against racism, to give listeners a good product, and to earn money from good music.

See also

List of Jewish American musicians#music producers

External links

Jewish musicians by country Austria Composers Britain Canada
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