The Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in both cross-country skiing and ski jumping. A winter sport is a Sport commonly played during Winter. As a formal term it refers to a sport played on Snow or Ice, but informally can refer Cross-country skiing (also known as XC skiing) is a Winter sport popular in many countries with large snowfields primarily Northern Europe, Ski jumping is a Sport in which skiers go down an "inrun" with a take-off ramp (the jump attempting to go as far as possible
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History
While Norwegian soldiers are known to have been competing in nordic skiing since the 18th century, the first major competition in Nordic combined was held in 1892 in Oslo at the first Holmenkollen Ski Festival, an event still held annually. Nordic skiing is a Winter sport that encompasses all types of Skiing where the heel of the boot cannot be fixed to the ski The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. The Holmenkollen ski jump, located in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway, is host to the world's second oldest Ski jump competition still in existence In Norway, popularity of the Holmenkollen, and Nordic combined in general, was great, and in fact separate ski jumping events weren't held at Holmenkollen until 1933. Ski jumping is a Sport in which skiers go down an "inrun" with a take-off ramp (the jump attempting to go as far as possible It is still held in all Winter Olympics. The Nordic combined events have been contested at the Winter Olympic Games since 1924 There is currently no women's competition in the Olympic games.
The sport was included at the 1924 Winter Olympics, and has been on the programme ever since. The 1924 Winter Olympics, officially known as the I Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was held in 1924 in Chamonix World Championships have been held since 1925. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. See also: FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
Traditionally, Norway has always delivered top athletes in the sport, but Finland, Germany, Austria and Japan are also among the top nations in the Nordic combined. The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships have been held in various numbers and types of events since 1925 for men and since 1954 for women Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. As of 2006, top athletes in the sport include current World Champion Hannu Manninen, Ronny Ackermann and Felix Gottwald. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Hannu Kalevi Manninen (born April 17, 1978 in Rovaniemi) is a retired Finnish Nordic combined athlete Ronny Ackermann (born May 16, 1977 in Bad Salzungen, Thuringia) is a successful German Nordic combined skier Felix Gottwald (born January 13, 1976 in Zell am See, Austria, now resides in Salzburg, Austria is an Austrian Nordic
Competition
Until the 1950s, the cross-country race was held first, followed by the ski jumping race. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive This was reversed as the difference in the cross-country race tended to be too big to overcome in ski jumping.
There are currently six kinds of Nordic combined events, of which three - the individual, sprint and team - are World Championship events. A fourth, the mass start, will be introduced at the 2009 championships at Liberec, Czech Republic. The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 will take place between February 18 and March 1, 2009 in Liberec, Czech Republic. Liberec ( pronounced, Reichenberg Romany: Libertsis) has been since 1918 a City in Czechoslovakia, since 1993 in the Czech Republic The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia,
Individual
The most common is the individual race, also known as the Individual Gundersen. This event encompasses two jumps from the ski jumping normal hill, and 15 km cross country skiing. Points are scored in ski jumping for distance and style. The distance points being 2 points per meter (1. 2 for hills with a K-point of 100 m or farther), and the style points range between 3 and 30 per jump. In the cross-country race, 15 points difference in the ski jump equal one minute. The racers with most ski jumping points will start first, followed by the next best jumper after as much time as there was difference in their jumping scores. This means that the first skier to cross the finish line is also the winner of the event. This method of competition, also known as the Gundersen method, was introduced in the mid 1980s. The Gundersen method is a method in the Nordic combined developed by Gunder Gundersen, a nordic combined athlete from Norway, that was first used in the Before, athletes would start the final race in intervals, and the gold medal would be decided on points.
Sprint
The sprint event is basically the same, but only one jump is performed on the large hill, and the cross-country distance is 7. 5 km.
Hurricane sprint
Recently, a newer form called "Hurricane sprint" has been introduced, which is similar to the sprint using the Gundersen method, but based on extra distance instead of extra time. The distance is still 7. 5 km, but only the best contestant from the ski jumping will run that distance and all others start a given distance behind, based on their scores from the ski jumping. As the estimated official speed of a cross-country skier is 6 m/s, this means that the contestants start 24 m behind the leader for every point they are behind (to match roughly with the time penalties from the Gundersen method). This form is on the program for the 2007-08 Nordic combined World Cup.
Mass start
In the mass start event, the cross country race is held first. The winner of that event receives 120 points, the others get 15 points subtracted for each minute behind the leader. In the ski jump, no style points are awarded, although jumpers receive fewer points for falling or failing to make a Telemark landing. Ski jumping is a Sport in which skiers go down an "inrun" with a take-off ramp (the jump attempting to go as far as possible The winner of this event is determined on a points-based system. This event will make its debut at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec. The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 will take place between February 18 and March 1, 2009 in Liberec, Czech Republic. Liberec ( pronounced, Reichenberg Romany: Libertsis) has been since 1918 a City in Czechoslovakia, since 1993 in the Czech Republic
Team
The team event is again similar to the individual event, but contested by teams of four athletes. Each takes 2 jumps from the ski jumping large hill, with all jumps counting towards the team total. Sixty points difference equals a one minute advantage in the second event, the 4 x 5 km cross-country relay. This was initially a 3 x 10 km team event, but this was changed to its current format in 1995 following Japan's four-minute victory in this event at the 1993 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Falun, Sweden and their five-minute victory the following year at the Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway. The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1995 took place March 9 - 19, 1995 in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1993 took place February 19 - 28, 1993 in Falun, Sweden for the third time ( 1954, Falun (ˈfɑːlʉn is a city in Dalarna, central Sweden, the seat of Falun Municipality and the capital of Dalarna County "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The 1994 Winter Olympic Games Nordic Combined results Men's events Individual February 19 1994 3 x 10 Lillehammer is a town and municipality in the county of Oppland, Norway, globally known for hosting the 1994 Winter Olympics. The reason this was done was to lessen the advantage of the ski jumping part of the competition. Initially, the point difference from the ski jump to the cross country portion of this competition was 1 point equals 3 seconds, but that was changed after the 1993 World championships and the 1994 Winter Olympics to 1 point equals 1. 5 seconds to lessen the ski jump advatange. The point-time differential since 2005 has been 1 point equals 1 second. The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2005 took place February 16 - 27, 2005 in Oberstdorf, Germany for the second time after hosting
Team sprint
The team sprint is a shorter version of the team event, with only two participants. After each participant takes one jump in the ski jumping hill, the team total is aggregated, and the teams then start according to the differences in the ski jumping. The two skiers do six legs of the relay each, changing between each other a total of 11 times, for a total distance of 7. 5 km per skier.
Ski jumping information
- Bindings
- The binding must be mounted parallel to the run-direction. The binding must be placed in such a way that a maximum 57% of the entire ski length is used as the front part.
- Boots
- High-backed, flexible yet firm boots with a low cut at the front. They are designed to allow the skier to lean forward during flight.
- Connection Cord
- Part of the binding; a cord that attaches the ski to the boot and prevents the wobbling of skis during flight.
- Ski Jumping Suit
- All portions of the ski jumping suit must be made of the same material and must show a certain air permeability. The size of the suit must conform to the body shape in an upright position with certain tolerances.
- Jumping Skis
- Jumping skis are manufactured especially for use on ski jumping hills. Skis with a length of a maximum 146% of the total body height of the competitor may be used. The curvature and shape of the skis is restricted by certain geometric features.
Cross-country skiing information
- Bindings
- Bindings secure only the toe of the boot to the ski.
- Boots
- The skating shoe is fixed to the ski with a binding, holding the toe firm. The rear of the boot is built up to shore up the ankle, which is constantly under pressure in skating technique.
- Poles
- Long and straight, often reaching up as high as a competitor's chin, with a specially shaped basket designed to allow skiers to push hard and evacuate snow.
- Skis
- Narrower and lighter than those used in Alpine skiing. Alpine skiing (or downhill skiing) is a recreational activity and Sport involving sliding down Snow -covered hills with long Skis attached They have long, curved ends and rise up slightly in the middle. They can be up to 2 m long.
- Suit
- Uses stretch fabric hugging the body, similar to a runner’s training clothing. Woollies and thick socks are definitely no longer fashionable.
- Wax
- Glide wax is crucial and determined by snow and weather conditions.
See also
- Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics
- Nordic combined World Cup
- List of FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in nordic combined
External links
- FIS, past and present international results
- News, information and results
- Holmenkollen Ski Festival official website
- IOC Nordic Combined website
Dictionary
Nordic combined
-noun
- a winter sport in which competitors involve in both cross-country skiing and ski jumping
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