Citizendia

In the literature and film, the term nonlinear is used to describe a narrative technique wherein events are portrayed out of chronological order. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Narratology is the theory and study of Narrative and Narrative structure and the ways they affect our perception Definition A chronology may be either relative &mdashthat is locating related events relative to each other&mdashor ''absolute'' &mdashlocating It is often used to mimic the structure and recall of human memory but has been applied for other reasons as well. In Psychology, memory is an organism's ability to store retain and subsequently retrieve information Nonlinearity has a slightly different meaning in the context of video games, where it refers to the possibility of narrating different stories depending on the player's actions in the game. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device.

Contents

Literature

Beginning a narrative in medias res (Latin: "into the middle of things") began in ancient times as an oral tradition and was established as a convention of epic poetry with Homer's Iliad in the 8th century BC. In medias res, also medias in res ( Latin for "into the middle of things" is a literary and artistic technique where the Narrative An epic is a lengthy Narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the The Iliad ( Greek: Ἰλιάς (Ancient Ιλιάδα (Modern is together with the Odyssey, one of two ancient The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC.

The modernist novelists Joseph Conrad, Virginia Woolf, Ford Madox Ford, Marcel Proust, and William Faulkner experimented with narrative chronology and abandoning linear order. Modernist literature is the literary form of Modernism and especially High modernism; it should not be confused with modern literature, which is the history Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski, 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924 was a Polish-born English novelist (Adeline Virginia Woolf (née Stephen; 25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941 was an English Novelist and Essayist, regarded as one of the foremost Ford Madox Ford ( December 17, 1873 &ndash June 26, 1939) was an English Novelist, Poet, Critic Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust (maʁsɛl pʁust (10 July 1871 &ndash 18 November 1922 was a French Novelist Essayist and Critic William Faulkner (born William Cuthbert Falkner) ( September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was an American Author [1]

Examples of nonlinear novels are: Laurence Sterne's The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman (1759-67), Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus (ca. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Laurence Sterne ( November 24, 1713 &ndash March 18, 1768) was an Irish -born English Novelist and an Anglican The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy Gentleman (or more briefly Tristram Shandy) is a novel by Laurence Sterne. Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881 was a Scottish essayist satirist and historian whose work was highly influential during the Victorian era. Thomas Carlyle 's major work Sartor 1833), Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights (1847), James Joyce's Ulysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939), William S. Burroughs' Naked Lunch (1959), Joseph Heller's Catch-22 (1961), Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five (1969), Milorad Pavić's Dictionary of the Khazars (1988), Irvine Welsh's Trainspotting (1993) and Carole Maso's Ava: a novel (1993). Emily Jane Brontë (ˈbrɒnti ( July 30, 1818 – December 19, 1848) was a British Novelist and Poet, now best Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontë 's only Novel. It was first published in 1847 under the Pseudonym Ellis Bell and a posthumous second James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 &ndash 13 January 1941 was an Irish expatriate writer widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce, first serialized in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920 Finnegans Wake is a fictional work by James Joyce, published in 1939 William Seward Burroughs II ( – ˈbʌroʊz was an American Novelist, Essayist, Social critic, painter and Spoken word Naked Lunch (sometimes referred to as The Naked Lunch) is a novel by William S Joseph Heller (May 1 1923 – December 12 1999 was an American Satirical novelist Short story writer and playwright Catch-22 is a satirical, historical Novel by the American author Joseph Heller, first published in 1961 Kurt Vonnegut Jr (November 11 1922 – April 11 2007 (ˈvɒnəgət was a prolific and genre-bending American Novelist known for works blending Satire, Black Slaughterhouse-Five or The Children's Crusade A Duty-Dance With Death (1969 by Kurt Vonnegut, is a Post-modern anti-war science-fiction novel Milorad Pavić (Милорад Павић (born October 15, 1929 in Belgrade) is a noted Serbian Poet, Prose writer Dictionary of the Khazars A Lexicon Novel is the first novel by Serbian writer Milorad Pavich (Milorad Pavić published in 1984 Irvine Welsh (born 27 September 1958 Leith, Edinburgh) is a contemporary Scottish novelist, best known for his novel Trainspotting Trainspotting is the first novel by Scottish writer Irvine Welsh. Carole Maso is a contemporary American Novelist and Essayist, known for her experimental poetic and fragmentary narratives often called Postmodern [2]

Film

Defining nonlinear structure in film is at times difficult. Films may use extensive flashbacks or flash-forwards within a linear storyline, while nonlinear films often contain linear sequences. In history film television and other media a flashback (also called analepsis) is an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current In literature film television and other media a flashforward or flash-forward (also called Prolepsis) is an interjected scene that takes the Narrative [3] Orson Welles' Citizen Kane (1941), influenced structurally by The Power and the Glory (1933), and Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon (1950) use a non-chronological flashback narrative that is often labeled nonlinear. George Orson Welles (May 6 1915 – October 10 1985 was an Academy Award -winning director, writer actor and producer for film stage radio and television Citizen Kane ( 1941) is an American Dramatic film, and the first Feature film directed by Orson Welles, who also co-authored The Power and the Glory is a 1933 film starring Spencer Tracy and Colleen Moore, written by Preston Sturges, and directed by is a 1950 Japanese film directed by Akira Kurosawa, working in close collaboration with Cinematographer Kazuo Miyagawa.

Silent and early era

Experimentation with nonlinear structure in film dates back to the silent film era, including D.W. Griffith's Intolerance (1916) and Abel Gance's Napoléon (1927). David Llewelyn Wark "D W" Griffith (January 22 1875 &ndash July 23 1948 was a premier pioneering Academy Award -winning American Film director. Intolerance Love's Struggle Through the Ages, a Silent film directed by D Abel Gance (25 October 1889 - 10 November 1981 was a French Film director, producer, Writer, Actor and editor best Napoléon ( 1927) is an epic silent French Film directed by Abel Gance that tells the story of the rise of Napoleon [4] Nonlinear film emerged from the French avant-garde in 1929 with Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dali's Un Chien Andalou (English: An Andalusian Dog). Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard Luis Buñuel Portolés (22 February 1900 &ndash 29 July 1983 was a Spanish -born Filmmaker and naturalized Mexican who worked mainly in Mexico Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist Un chien andalou ( An Andalusian Dog) is a 1928 short Surrealist film made in France by two Spanish auteurs the Aragonian The surrealist film jumps into fantasy and juxtaposes images, granting the filmmakers an ability to create statements about the Church, art, and society that are left open to interpretation. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members [5] Buñuel and Dali's L'Âge d'or (1930) (English: The Golden Age) also uses nonlinear concepts. L'Âge d'Or ( The Golden Age) is a 1930 surrealist Film directed by Luis Buñuel and written by Buñuel and Salvador The revolutionary Russian filmmakers Sergei Eisenstein, Vsevolod Pudovkin, and Alexander Dovzhenko also experimented with the possibilities of nonlinearity. Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (Сергей Михайлович Эйзенштейн January 23, 1898 &ndash February 11, 1948) was Vsevolod Illarionovich Pudovkin (Всеволод Илларионович Пудовкин ( February 16, 1893 – June 20, 1953) was a Alexander Petrovych Dovzhenko (Олександр Петрович Довженко Oleksandr; Александр Петрович Довженко Aleksandr Petrovich Eisenstein's Strike (1925) and Dovzhenko's Earth (1930) hint at a nonlinear experience. Strike ( Russian " Стачка " is a 1925 Silent film made in the Soviet Union by Sergei Eisenstein Earth ( Russian and Земля translit Zemlya literally translated "Soil" ( 1930) is a Soviet film by [6] English director Humphrey Jennings used a nonlinear approach in his World War II documentary Listen to Britain (1942). Humphrey Jennings ( August 19 1907 &ndash September 24 1950) was an English Filmmaker and one of the founders of the World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [6]

Post-war

Jean-Luc Godard's work since 1959 was also important in the evolution of nonlinear film. Jean-Luc Godard (French ʒɑ̃lyk gɔˈdaʀ (born on December 3 1930 is a French and Swiss Filmmaker and one of the founding members of the Nouvelle Vague Godard famously stated, "I agree that a film should have a beginning, a middle and an end but not necessarily in that order". [7] Godard's Week End (French: Le weekend) (1968), as well as Andy Warhol's Chelsea Girls (1966), defy linear structure in exchange for a chronology of events that is seemingly random. Le weekend ( 1967) is a Black comedy Film written and directed by Jean-Luc Godard and starring Mireille Darc and Jean For the song by David Bowie, see Andy Warhol (song. Andrew Warhola (August 6 1928 &ndash February 22 1987 known as Andy Warhol Chelsea Girls is a 1966 film directed by Paul Morrissey and Andy Warhol. [8] Alain Resnais experimented with narrative and time in his films Hiroshima Mon Amour (1959), Last Year at Marienbad (1961), and Muriel (1963). Alain Resnais (born June 3 1922 in Vannes, France) is a French Film director whose early works are often grouped within the New Wave or Hiroshima Mon Amour is an acclaimed 1959 drama / Romance film by French Film director Alain Resnais, with L'année dernière à Marienbad (translated as Last Year in Marienbad in the UK and Last Year at Marienbad in North Muriel ( French: Muriel ou le temps d'un retour, literally Muriel or the Time of Return) is a 1963 film by French film Federico Fellini defined his own nonlinear cinema with the films La strada (1954), La dolce vita (1960), 8½ (1963), Satyricon (1969), and Roma (1972). Federico Fellini, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( January 20 1920 &ndash October 31 1993) was an Italian Film 8½ (pronounced Satyricon ( Fellini Satyricon) is a 1969 Italian film by Federico Fellini. Roma, also known as Fellini's Roma, is a 1972 semi-autobiographical poetic film depicting director Federico Fellini Nicolas Roeg's films, including Performance (1968), Walkabout (1971), Don't Look Now (1973), The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976), and Bad Timing (1980) are characterized by a nonlinear approach. Nicolas Jack Roeg, BSC (born August 15, 1928 in London) is an English Cinematographer and Film director. Performance is a British film made in 1968 but not released until 1970. Walkabout is a 1971 British film set in Australia. Loosely based on the novel by James Vance Marshall, it was written by For the 1983 PBS sketch-comedy see You Can't Do That On Television. The Man Who Fell to Earth is a 1976 Science fiction film directed by Nicolas Roeg, based on the 1963 novel of the same name by Walter Tevis Bad Timing is a 1980 film directed by Nicolas Roeg. The title of this movie was also used by musician Jim O'Rourke for his album [9] Other experimental nonlinear filmmakers include Peter Greenaway, Chris Marker, Agnès Varda, and Raúl Ruiz. Peter Greenaway, CBE (born 5 April 1942) is an English Film director born in Wales. Chris Marker (born 29 July 1921 is a French Writer, Photographer, Film director, Multimedia artist and documentary maker Agnès Varda (born 30 May 1928 is a Belgian Film director. Her movies photographs and art installations focus on documentary realism feminist issues and Raúl Ruiz (born 25 July 1941 in Puerto Montt, Chile) is a Chilean filmmaker and one of the most prolific filmmakers of [10]

In the United States, Robert Altman carried the nonlinear motif in his films, including McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971), Nashville (1975), The Player (1992), Short Cuts (1993), and Gosford Park (2001). Robert Bernard Altman (February 20 1925 – November 20 2006 was an American Film director known for making films that are highly naturalistic, but with McCabe & Mrs Miller is a 1971 Western Motion picture by director Robert Altman. Nashville is a 1975 American Drama film directed by Robert Altman. The Player is a 1992 Film that tells the story of Griffin Mill ( Tim Robbins) a Hollywood studio executive who is being Short Cuts is a 1993 Drama film directed by Robert Altman. Filmed from a screenplay by Robert Altman and Frank Barhydt it is inspired by nine Gosford Park is a 2001 film directed by Robert Altman. The Screenplay is by Julian Fellowes, based on an idea by Altman and producer [11] Woody Allen embraced the experimental nature of nonlinear narrative in Annie Hall (1977), Interiors (1978), and Stardust Memories (1980). Woody Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg; December 1 1935 is an American Film director, Writer, Actor, Comedian, and Annie Hall is a 1977 Romantic comedy film directed by Woody Allen from a script he co-wrote with Marshall Brickman. Interiors is a 1978 Drama film written and directed by Woody Allen. Stardust Memories is a 1980 film written and directed by Woody Allen.

1990s and 2000s

In the 1990s, Quentin Tarantino influenced a tremendous growth in nonlinear films with Pulp Fiction (1994). Quentin Jerome Tarantino (born March 27, 1963) is an Academy Award - BAFTA Award - and Palme d'Or -winning Emmy - and [5] Other important nonlinear films include Atom Egoyan's Exotica (1994), Terrence Malick's The Thin Red Line (1998), Paul Thomas Anderson's Magnolia (1999), and Karen and Jill Sprecher's Thirteen Conversations About One Thing (2001). Atom Egoyan OC (Ատոմ Էգոյան (born July 19, 1960) is a critically acclaimed Canadian - Armenian film maker Exotica is a 1994 Canadian Film set primarily in and around the Exotica Strip club in Toronto, Canada. Terrence "Terry" Malick (born November 30, 1943, Ottawa, Illinois) is an Academy Award nominated American The Thin Red Line is a 1998 war film which tells a fictional story of United States forces during the Battle of Guadalcanal in Paul Thomas Anderson (born June 26 1970 is a five-time Academy Award -nominated American Filmmaker. Magnolia is a 1999 American Drama film, written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. Jill Sprecher is an American film director Biography A graduate from University of Wisconsin-Madison with a degree in Philosophy and Thirteen Conversations About One Thing is a 2001 American Drama film directed by Jill Sprecher. [5] David Lynch experimented with nonlinear narrative and surrealism in Lost Highway (1997), Mulholland Dr. (2001), and Inland Empire (2006). David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Lost Highway is a 1997 Psychological thriller directed by David Lynch. Mulholland Drive is a 2001 Mystery film written and directed by David Lynch that exhibits elements of Film noir and Surrealism INLAND EMPIRE is a 2006 feature film written and directed by David Lynch.

Into the 2000s, some filmmakers have returned to the use of nonlinear narrative repeatedly. Steven Soderbergh in Schizopolis (1996), Out of Sight (1998), The Limey (1999), Full Frontal (2002), and Solaris (2002). Steven Andrew Soderbergh (born January 14 1963 is an American Film producer, Screenwriter, Cinematographer, editor, and Schizopolis (also known as Steven Soderbergh's Schizopolis) is an experimental comedy film directed by Steven Soderbergh in 1996 For other uses see Out of Sight (disambiguation. Out of Sight is a 1998 Academy Award -nominated movie directed The Limey ( 1999) is an American revenge Neo-noir Crime film, directed by Steven Soderbergh and written by Lem Dobbs Full Frontal is a 2002 film by Steven Soderbergh, about a day in the life of people in Hollywood. Solaris is a 2002 film directed by Steven Soderbergh and starring George Clooney. Christopher Nolan in Following (1998), Memento (2001), and The Prestige (2006). Christopher Jonathan James Nolan (born July 30 1970 is a Film director, writer and producer. Following is a 1998 Film noir. It tells the story of a young man who follows strangers around the streets of London and is drawn into a Memento is a Psychological thriller Film written and directed by Christopher Nolan, adapted from his brother Jonathan 's short The Prestige is a 2006 period film directed by Christopher Nolan, with a screenplay adapted from Christopher Priest 's 1995 Memento, with its fragmentation and reverse chronology, has been described as characteristic of moving towards postmodernism in contemporary cinema. Reverse chronology is a method of story-telling whereby the plot is revealed in reverse order Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism [12] Richard Linklater used nonlinear narrative in Slacker (1991), Waking Life (2001), and A Scanner Darkly (2006); Gus Van Sant in Elephant (2003), Last Days (2005), and Paranoid Park (2007). Richard Stuart Linklater (born July 30, 1960) is an Academy Award -nominated American Film director and Screenwriter Slacker ( 1991) is an influential American Independent film written and directed by Richard Linklater, who also appears in the Waking Life is a digitally enhanced live action rotoscoped film directed by Richard Linklater and made in 2001. A Scanner Darkly is a 2006 film directed by Richard Linklater based on the novel of the same name by Philip K Gus Green Van Sant Jr he has dealt unflinchingly with homosexual and other marginalized subcultures without being particularly concerned about providing positive role models Elephant is a 2003 crime - Drama film written and directed by Gus Van Sant. Last Days ( 2005) is a Film by director Gus Van Sant, and is a fictionalized account of the last days of Nirvana frontman Paranoid Park is a 2007 Drama film directed by Gus Van Sant. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Blake Nelson Hong Kong auteur Wong Kar-wai explored nonlinear storylines in the films Days of Being Wild (1991), Ashes of Time (1994), Chungking Express (1994), In the Mood for Love (2000), and 2046 (2004). For the song by.And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead see Source Tags & Codes Days of Being Wild ( Pinyin: Ã Ashes of Time ( literally "The Heretic East and the Venomous West" is a 1994 Hong Kong Wuxia film directed by Wong Kar-wai Chungking Express ( Jyutping: Cung4hing3 Sam1lam4 literally Chongqing jungle is a 1994 Hong Kong Film written and directed In the Mood for Love ( Traditional Chinese: 花樣年華 Simplified Chinese: 花样年华 Pinyin: Huāyàng niánhuá Jyutping 2046 is a 2004 Hong Kong film (filmed in Shanghai) written and directed by Wong Kar-wai. Takashi Shimizu's Japanese horror series, Ju-on, brought to America as The Grudge, is also nonlinear in its storytelling. Takashi Shimizu (清水 崇 Shimizu Takashi, born 27 July 1972 in Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture, is the title of a series of Horror films by Japanese director Takashi Shimizu. The Grudge is the 2004 American Remake of the Japanese film Ju-on The Grudge.

Timeline of nonlinear films

1910s-1980s

1990s

2000s

Television

Japanese anime series sometimes present their plot in nonlinear order, for example, The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, Yami to Bōshi to Hon no Tabibito, Touka Gettan, and (partly) Boogiepop Phantom and Ergo Proxy. The Grudge is the 2004 American Remake of the Japanese film Ju-on The Grudge. Ju-on The Grudge 2 (呪怨2 is a 2003 Japanese " J-Horror " film the second in the horror series written Kill Bill is the fourth film by Writer - director Quentin Tarantino. Alexander is a 2004 Epic film, based on the life of Alexander the Great. Closer is a 2004 film written by Patrick Marber, based on his award-winning play of the same name. Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind is a 2004 American drama and Romantic comedy by French director Michel Haven is a 2004 Feature film set in the Cayman Islands, a British Tax haven. Wicker Park is a 2004 romantic Psychological thriller directed by Paul McGuigan. November is a Psychological thriller Film first screened at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival (see 2004 in film) Sin City is a 2005 film written produced and directed by Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez. Last Days ( 2005) is a Film by director Gus Van Sant, and is a fictionalized account of the last days of Nirvana frontman Where the Truth Lies is a 2005 dramatic film directed by Atom Egoyan, based on the novel by Rupert Holmes. I Love Your Work is an American Film completed in 2003 and released theatrically in 2005. The Call of Cthulhu is a Silent movie adaptation of the H P Lovecraft short story of the same name, produced by Sean Branney and The Jacket is a 2005 Psychological thriller, directed by John Maybury partly based on the Jack London novel Breakfast on Pluto is a 2005 Irish Comedy-drama film directed by Neil Jordan and based on the novel of the same name by Snuff-Movie is a 2005 gothic horror film by British director Bernard Rose. INLAND EMPIRE is a 2006 feature film written and directed by David Lynch. The Prestige is a 2006 period film directed by Christopher Nolan, with a screenplay adapted from Christopher Priest 's 1995 The Good Shepherd is a 2006 Spy film directed by Robert De Niro and starring Matt Damon and Angelina Jolie, with The Fountain is a 2006 American science fiction / Fantasy film directed by Darren Aronofsky that follows three interwoven Away from Her is a English- Canadian film directed by Sarah Polley which debuted at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival Flags of Our Fathers is a 2006 American War film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by William Broyles Jr Glastonbury is a 2006 Rockumentary film directed by Julien Temple which details the history of the Glastonbury Festival from 1970 to 2005 Unknown ( Colombian title Mentes en Blanco) is a 2006 film directed by Colombian filmmaker Simon Brand and stars James Caviezel Pan's Labyrinth (Spanish El laberinto del fauno, literally The Labyrinth of the Faun) is a 2006 Spanish language Into the Wild is a 2007 Film based on the 1996 non-fiction book of the same name by Jon Krakauer about the adventures Paranoid Park is a 2007 Drama film directed by Gus Van Sant. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Blake Nelson For the British 2007 film starring Andy Serkis see Extraordinary Rendition (film Rendition is a 2007 Drama Atonement is a 2007 film adaptation of Ian McEwan 's critically acclaimed novel of the same name, directed by Joe Wright, and based Before the Devil Knows You're Dead is a 2007 film written by Kelly Masterson and directed by Sidney Lumet. Michael Clayton is a 2007 American dramatic Legal thriller Film written and directed by Tony Gilroy and produced I'm Not There is a 2007 biographical Film directed by Todd Haynes and is inspired by the life of iconic Singer-songwriter Premonition is a 2007 Drama Film directed by Mennan Yapo and starring Sandra Bullock and Julian McMahon The Tracey Fragments is a 2007 Drama film directed by Canadian Bruce McDonald and written by Maureen Medved, based Youth Without Youth is a 2007 film by Francis Ford Coppola, based on the novella of the same name by Romanian author Mircea Eliade. Things We Lost In The Fire is a 2007 Drama film directed by Susanne Bier and written by Allan Loeb. Patti Smith Dream of Life is a 2008 Documentary film about Patti Smith directed by Steven Sebring. The Air I Breathe is a 2008 Crime drama Romance film and the directional debut from Korean-American filmmaker Jieho Lee Speed Racer is a 2008 Live action Film adaptation of the 1960s Japanese Anime series of the same name. (anime in Japanese, is the name of the 2006 television Anime about a girl who unbeknownst to her possesses the power to change reality. also known as Yamibou for short is both a Japanese adult Visual novel published in late 2002 by Root, and a non-adult thirteen episode is a Japanese adult Visual novel developed by Root, and published by Orbit also known for the creation of the Yami to Bōshi to Hon no Tabibito is a twelve episode Anime Television series produced by Madhouse Studios, based on the Boogiepop Light novel series by is a Science fiction suspense Anime television series produced by Manglobe, which premiered across Japan on 25 February 2006 on the

Video games

In video games, nonlinear refers to a game that has more than one possible plotline and ending, leaving the gamer to take the path that most suits their style of play. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. This increases replay value, as players must often beat the game several times to get the whole story. Computer role-playing games, e. A computer role-playing game ( CRPG) is a broad Video game genre originally developed for personal computers and other home computers g. Fallout, often contain multiple paths which the player can take since the beginning of the game. Fallout is a Computer role-playing game produced by Tim Cain, developed by Black Isle Studios (though before the studio was named "Black

Some video games mimic the film nonlinearity by presenting a single plot in chronologically distorted way instead of letting the player determine the story flow themselves. The first-person shooter Tribes: Vengeance is an example of this. A first-person shooter ( FPS) is an action Video game from the Shooter game The initial development of Maze War Tribes Vengeance (sometimes called TV or Tribes 3) is a Sci-fi first-person shooter (FPS Computer game of the

See also

References

  1. ^ Heise, Ursula K. Metafiction is a literary term for a type of Fiction that systematically and self-consciously addresses the devices of fiction including the relationship between fiction and Experimental literature refers to written works - often Novels or Magazines - that place great emphasis on Innovations regarding technique and Metacognition is the Knowledge (ie awareness of one's Cognitive processes and the efficient use of this Self-awareness to self-regulate these cognitive For other uses see Time (disambiguation Time is a component of a measuring system used to sequence events to compare the durations of In Mathematics, a sequence is an ordered list of objects (or events Definition A chronology may be either relative &mdashthat is locating related events relative to each other&mdashor ''absolute'' &mdashlocating The wheel of time or wheel of history is a concept in several religions and philosophies notably religions of Indian origin such as Buddhism and Hinduism In Physics, the treatment of Time is a central issue It has been treated as a question of Geometry. An anachronism (from the Greek "ana" " ανά " "against anti-" and "chronos" " χρόνος " This article does not deal with types of Bicycles for that see Bicycle#Types of bicycle and:CategoryCycle types. A tone may be sustained for varying lengths of time. duration is a property of tone that becomes one of the bases rhythem or an amount of Time or a particular time In complexity theory, exponential time is the Computation time of a problem where the time to complete the computation m ( n) is bounded by an In Linear algebra, a multilinear map is a Mathematical function of several vector variables that is linear in each variable Although the sense of time is not associated with a specific sensory system the work of Psychologists and Neuroscientists indicates that our brains do have a system SpaceTime is a patent-pending three dimensional graphical user interface that allows end users to search their content such as Google Google Images Yahoo! YouTube eBay Amazon and RSS In Computer science and Computer programming, system time represents a computer system's notion of the passing of Time. (1997). Chronoschisms: Time, Narrative, and Postmodernism. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP is a Publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534 p. 77 ISBN 0521555442
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  7. ^ "Godard only knows...". The Observer. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The November 26, 2000. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on February 2, 2008. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
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  10. ^ a b c Kinder, Marsha "Hot Spots, Avatars, and Narrative Fields Forever". Film Quarterly. Film Quarterly is a film journal published by University of California Press, in Berkeley California. Vol. 55, No. 54. Retrieved on February 9, 2008. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  11. ^ Boggs, Carl (2003). A World in Chaos: Social Crisis and the Rise of Postmodern Cinema. Rowman & Littlefield. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc was founded in 1949. It is an independent publishing house which offers scholarly works for the academic market p. 195. ISBN 0742532895
  12. ^ a b c Nelmes, Jill (2003). An Introduction to Film Studies. Routledge. Routledge is a publisher of non-fiction academic books and journals p. 87. ISBN 0415262682
  13. ^ Horton, Andrew (1997). Buster Keaton's Sherlock Jr. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP is a Publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534 p. 33. ISBN 0521485665
  14. ^ Falsetto, Mario (2001). Stanley Kubrick: A Narrative and Stylistic Analysis. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 2. ISBN 0275969746
  15. ^ Palladino, D. J. (August 23, 2007). Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "La Dolce Vita Is Not for the Timid". Santa Barbara Independent. The Santa Barbara Independent is a free arts and entertainment newsweekly published in Santa Barbara California. Retrieved on February 4, 2008. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  16. ^ Erickson, Hal. "Muriel ou le Temps d'un Retour". Allmovie. Allmovie (previously All Movie Guide) is a commercial database of information about Movie stars movies and television shows. Retrieved on February 2, 2008. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  17. ^ Kremer, S. Lillian [ed. ] (2003). Holocaust Literature. "Arnost Lustig (1926-)". Routledge. Routledge is a publisher of non-fiction academic books and journals
  18. ^ Schager, Nick (2003). "Film Review: Point Blank". Slant Magazine. Slant Magazine is an online publication that features reviews of movies music DVDs and TV shows as well as interviews with actors directors and musicians Retrieved on February 2, 2008. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  19. ^ a b Arnold, William (November 27, 2002). Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. 'Solaris' nearly gets lost in space, but Clooney shines. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer (popularly known as "the P-I" is one of two daily Newspapers in Seattle Washington, United States. Retrieved on February 2, 2008. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  20. ^ Kirschling, Gregory (2005). "F For Fake". Entertainment Weekly. Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is a Magazine published by Time Inc Retrieved on February 2, 2008. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  21. ^ a b Cowgill, Linda J. (1999) Secrets of Screenplay Structure. Lone Eagle. pp. 148-170. ISBN 158065004X
  22. ^ a b c d e f Garfinkel, Asher (2007). Screenplay Story Analysis: The Art and Business. Allworth Communications, Inc. p. 20. ISBN 158115478X
  23. ^ a b Arnold, William (September 3, 2004). Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " "Romantic thriller 'Wicker Park' is refreshingly true to its French connection". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer (popularly known as "the P-I" is one of two daily Newspapers in Seattle Washington, United States. Retrieved on February 2, 2008
  24. ^ Truth prevails in 'Lone Star'. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Iowa State Daily. The Iowa State Daily is an independent Student newspaper serving Iowa State University in Ames Iowa, that is published in print and October 18, 1996. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on February 5, 2008
  25. ^ Johnson, Jeff (2004). Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Pervert in the Pulpit: Morality in the Works of David Lynch. McFarland. p. 131. ISBN 0786417536
  26. ^ Levy, Emanuel (September 14, 1997). Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar "Gummo Review". Variety. Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman Retrieved on February 2, 2008
  27. ^ a b Dancyger, Ken (2001) Global Scriptwriting. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Focal Press. Focal Press is a publisher of media technology books and it is an imprint of Elsevier. pp. ISBN 0240803698
  28. ^ Garcia, Maria (2007). "Hanging Garden, The". Film Journal International. Film Journal International is a Motion-picture industry Trade magazine published by the American company Nielsen Business Media a division of Retrieved on February 4, 2008
  29. ^ King, Geoff (2005). Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common American Independent Cinema. I. B. Tauris. p. 262. ISBN 1850439370
  30. ^ a b c d e Bleiler, David (2004). TLA Video & DVD Guide: The Discerning Film Lover's Guide. Macmillan. Macmillan Publishers Ltd, also known as The Macmillan Group, is a privately-held International Publishing company owned by Georg von Holtzbrinck ISBN 0312316909
  31. ^ Arnold, William (January 7, 2000). Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. 'Snow Falling on Cedars': Sumptuous film lacks book's depth. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer (popularly known as "the P-I" is one of two daily Newspapers in Seattle Washington, United States. Retrieved on February 4, 2008
  32. ^ a b Dundjerovic, Aleksandar (2003). Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Cinema of Robert Lepage: The Poetics of Memory. Wallflower Press. p. 160 ISBN 1903364337
  33. ^ Brottman, Mikita; & Sterritt, David. "Review: Irréversible". Film Quarterly. Film Quarterly is a film journal published by University of California Press, in Berkeley California. Vol. 57 No. 2. Retrieved on February 2, 2008. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  34. ^ Hunter, David (June 20, 2002). Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. "American Gun". The Hollywood Reporter. The Hollywood Reporter is a major trade publication of the Film industry in the United States.
  35. ^ Hastings, Michael. "Abandon". All Movie Guide. Allmovie (previously All Movie Guide) is a commercial database of information about Movie stars movies and television shows. Retrieved on February 2, 2008. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  36. ^ Koplinski, Chuck (January 30, 2003). Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. "Movie Reviews". Illinois Times. Illinois Times is a weekly newspaper (distributed every Thursday based in Springfield Illinois. Retrieved on February 2, 2008. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  37. ^ Arnold, William (January 10, 2003). Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. "3 lives connect like clockwork in 'The Hours'". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer (popularly known as "the P-I" is one of two daily Newspapers in Seattle Washington, United States. Retrieved on February 2, 2008
  38. ^ Puig, Claudia (February 13, 2003). Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. "Also opening". USA Today. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. Retrieved on February 7, 2008. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  39. ^ Oakes, Keily (10 March 2004). Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " "Review: 21 Grams". BBC News. Retrieved on February 2, 2008. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  40. ^ Ordoña, Michael (September 15, 2006). Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 'Haven'. Los Angeles Times. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Retrieved on February 3, 2008. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  41. ^ Digiovanna, James (November 17, 2005). Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "Threesome Gone Bad". Tucson Weekly. The Tucson Weekly is an Alternative newsweekly that was founded in 1984 and serves a metropolitan area of about 900000 residents Retrieved on February 3, 2008. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  42. ^ Crust, Kevin (November 4, 2005). Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 'I Love Your Work'. Los Angeles Times. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Retrieved on February 4, 2008. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  43. ^ Mantz, Scott (December 21, 2006). Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. MovieMantz Reviews: ‘Letters From Iwo Jima’. Access Hollywood. Access Hollywood is a weekday Television entertainment news program covering events and celebrities in the entertainment industry Retrieved on February 5, 2008. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  44. ^ Selvin, Joel (March 2, 2007). Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "Film Clips". San Francisco Chronicle. The San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H Retrieved on February 7, 2008. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  45. ^ Tarradell, Mario (January 28, 2007). Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "Q&A with Guillermo Navarro". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, also known simply as the "PG" is the largest daily Newspaper serving metropolitan Pittsburgh, Retrieved on April 7, 2008. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  46. ^ Stuart, Jan (September 21, 2007). Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 'Into the Wild'. Newsday. Newsday is a daily Tabloid -size Pulitzer Prize winning Newspaper that primarily serves Long Island and the New York City Retrieved on February 4, 2008. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  47. ^ Arnold, William (December 6, 2007). Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "'Atonement' packs a powerful punch, if you can wait for it. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer (popularly known as "the P-I" is one of two daily Newspapers in Seattle Washington, United States. Retrieved on February 3, 2008. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  48. ^ Goldstein, Gregg (February 19, 2008). Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 'Ellen Page turns up in "Tracey Fragments"'. Reuters. This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson Retrieved on February 22, 2008. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  49. ^ Sorenson, Saundra (February 5, 2008). Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common "Youth Without Youth". Willamette Week. Willamette Week ( WW) is an Alternative weekly newspaper published in Portland Oregon, United States. Retrieved on February 4, 2008. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  50. ^ Torrance, Kelly Jane (October 19, 2007). Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 'Things' that move people. The Washington Times. The Washington Times is a daily Broadsheet Newspaper published in Washington D Retrieved on March 9, 2008. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  51. ^ Rainer, Peter (January 25, 2008). Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common "At Sundance, the big draws are Patti Smith, U2, Roman Polanski, Osama bin Laden". The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor (CSM is an international Newspaper published daily Monday through Friday Retrieved on February 7, 2008. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  52. ^ Outhier, Craig (January 24, 2008). Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 'The Air I Breathe' is pungent with pretentiousness. The Orange County Register. The Orange County Register is a daily Newspaper published in Santa Ana, California. Retrieved on February 4, 2008. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  53. ^ Hoberman, J. (May 6, 2008). Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common "Speed Racer on a Fast Track to Nowhere". The Village Voice. This article is about a New York newspaper For the Ottawa Hills Ohio magazine see The Village Voice of Ottawa Hills. Retrieved on May 11, 2008. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

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