Nokia Corporation
Type	Public – Oyj (OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB: NOA3)
Founded	Nokia, Finland (1865)
Founder	Fredrik Idestam
Headquarters	Espoo, Finland
Key people	Kari Kairamo, CEO in the 1980s Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo, President & CEO Jorma Ollila, Chairman
Industry	Telecommunications
Products	Mobile phones Smartphones Multimedia computers Networks
Services	Services and Software Online services
Revenue	▲ €51. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc Osakeyhtiö, literally a " stock company " is the Finnish equivalent of a Limited company ( Ltd or LLC) or Gesellschaft OMX AB ( A ktie' b' olaget O ptions' m' äklarna/Helsinki Stock E' x' change is a Swedish - Finnish Financial The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. Nokia (ˈnokiɑ is a city on the banks of the Nokianvirta River ( Kokemäenjoki) in the region of Pirkanmaa and the province of Western Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome Knut Fredrick Idestam (October 28 1838 Tyrväntö Finland – April 8 1916 Helsinki) was a Finnish mining engineer and businessman best known as a Espoo (ˈespoː Esbo ( in Swedish) is the second largest city of Finland, with a population of approximately 240000 Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Kari Kairamo ( December 31, 1932 near Kotka in Finland, &ndash December 11, 1988 in Espoo, Finland A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo (born in Lavia, Finland on July 13, 1953) is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Nokia Corporation President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator Jorma Jaakko Ollila (born in Seinäjoki, Finland, on August 15, 1950) is the Chairman (1992–) and former CEO of For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need A smartphone is a Mobile phone offering advanced capabilities beyond a typical mobile phone often with PC -like functionality A multimedia computer is a Computer, that is optimized for high Multimedia performance enabling rich multimedia experience A telecommunications network is a network of Telecommunications links and nodes arranged so that messages may be passed from one part of the network to another over A service is the non-material equivalent of a good. A service provision is an economic activity that does not result in Ownership, and this is what differentiates A service is the non-material equivalent of a good. A service provision is an economic activity that does not result in Ownership, and this is what differentiates An online service provider is inclusive to Internet service providers and Web sites such as Wikipedia 's or Usenet (commonly accessed through In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e 058 bn (2007)[1]
Operating income	▲ €7. In financial and business Accounting, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT is a measure of a firm's profitability that excludes interest and income tax expenses 985 bn (2007)
Net income	▲ €7. Net income is equal to the Income that a firm has after subtracting costs and Expenses from the total Revenue. 205 bn (2007)
Total assets	▲ €37. In Business and Accounting, assets are everything owned by a person or company (all tangible and intangible property that can be converted into cash. 599 bn (2007)
Total equity	▲ €17. In accounting terms after all liabilities are paid ownership equity is the remaining interest in Assets If valuations placed on assets do not exceed liabilities 338 bn (2007)
Employees	116,378 as of March 31, 2008[2]
Subsidiaries	Nokia Siemens Networks Vertu Navteq (pending merger)
Website	www.nokia.com

Nokia Corporation (pronounced /nɒkiːə/) OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB: NOA3) is a Finnish multinational communications corporation, headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo, a city neighbouring Finland's capital Helsinki. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common A subsidiary, in business matters is an entity that is controlled by a bigger and more powerful entity Nokia Siemens Networks is a telecommunications solutions supplier which was created as the result of a joint venture between Siemens AG 's COM division (minus its Enterprise Vertu is a British -based Manufacturer and retailer of luxury Mobile phones The company is an independently run wholly-owned subsidiary of the Finnish mobile Navteq is a Chicago Illinois -based provider of Geographic Information Systems (GIS data and is a dominant company in providing the base electronic maps A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages OMX AB ( A ktie' b' olaget O ptions' m' äklarna/Helsinki Stock E' x' change is a Swedish - Finnish Financial The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Multinational corporation ( MNC) or transnational corporation ( TNC) is a Corporation or enterprise that manages Production or delivers Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business Headquarters (HQ denotes the location where most if not all of the important functions of an organization are concentrated Keilaniemi (Kägeludden is a district in the south-eastern part of Espoo, Finland. Espoo (ˈespoː Esbo ( in Swedish) is the second largest city of Finland, with a population of approximately 240000 Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. Nokia is focused on wireless and wired telecommunications, with 112,262 employees in 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and global annual revenue of 51. 1 billion euros and operating profit of 8. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e 0 billion as of 2007. ^[1][3] It is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile telephones: its global device market share was about 39% in Q1 of 2008, up from 36% in Q1 2007 and down from 40% in Q4 2007. Market share, in Strategic management and Marketing, is the percentage or proportion of the total available Market or Market segment that is ^[2] Nokia produces mobile phones for every major market segment and protocol, including GSM, CDMA, and W-CDMA (UMTS). A market segment is a subgroup of people or organizations sharing one or more characteristics that cause them to have similar product needs GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies W-CDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G Cellular network. Nokia's subsidiary Nokia Siemens Networks produces telecommunications network equipments, solutions and services. Nokia Siemens Networks is a telecommunications solutions supplier which was created as the result of a joint venture between Siemens AG 's COM division (minus its Enterprise A telecommunications network is a network of Telecommunications links and nodes arranged so that messages may be passed from one part of the network to another over

Nokia has sites for research and development, manufacturing and sales in many continents throughout the world. The phrase research and development (also R and D or more often R&D) according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, refers As of March 2008, Nokia had R&D centers in 10 countries and employed 30,415 people in research and development, representing approximately 27% of Nokia’s total workforce. ^[3] Nokia Research Center, founded in 1986, is Nokia's industrial research unit of about 800 researchers, engineers and scientists. ^[4] It has sites in seven countries: Finland, Denmark, Germany, China, Japan, United Kingdom and United States. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Production facilities are located at Espoo, Oulu and Salo, Finland; Manaus, Brazil; Beijing, Dongguan and Suzhou, China; Fleet, England; Bochum (closing planned for mid-2008),^[5] Germany; Komárom, Hungary; Chennai, India; Reynosa, Mexico; Jucu, Romania^[6] and Masan, South Korea. Espoo (ˈespoː Esbo ( in Swedish) is the second largest city of Finland, with a population of approximately 240000 Oulu ( (literally "Flood" ( (literally "Ule River Castle" is a city and municipality of about 130000 inhabitants in the province of Salo (ˈsɑlo is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part Manaus is a largest city in the Amazonia Brazil and capital of Amazonas State. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Administration The Prefecture-level city of Dongguan administers 3 county-level divisions, all of which are districts. Suzhou ( ancient name 吳) is a City on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Lake Taihu in the province of Jiangsu China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Fleet is a town in the county of Hampshire, UK, located 37 miles (60 km southwest of London. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Bochum (ˈboːχʊm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Komárom ( Croatian: Komoran, German: Komorn, Serbian: Komoran or Коморан) is a city in Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Reynosa is a city in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is located at, across the Rio Grande (Río Bravo from McAllen ( Hidalgo The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Jucu is a commune in Cluj County, Romania. Economy In 2007 Nokia started a €88 million investment in Jucu building Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Masan is a city in South Gyeongsang Province South Korea. The city is situated on Masan Bay (마산만 Masan-man) approximately South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː ^[7] Nokia's Design Department remains in Salo, Finland.

Nokia plays a very large role in the economy of Finland: it is by far the largest Finnish company, accounting for about a third of the market capitalization of the Helsinki Stock Exchange (OMX Helsinki) as of 2007; a unique situation for an industrialized country. Finland has a highly industrialized free-market economy with a Per capita output equal to that of other western economies such as France, Germany, Sweden This is a list of Finnish Corporations Ahlstrom, pulp and paper Alma Media, media Amer Sports, sport Market capitalization/capitalisation (aka market cap, mkt cap or capitalized/capitalised value) is a measurement of Corporate or Economic The Helsinki Stock Exchange ( Finnish: Helsingin Pörssi, Swedish: Helsingforsbörsen) is a Stock exchange located in The term developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed Economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors ^[8] It is an important employer in Finland and several small companies have grown into large ones as Nokia's subcontractors. A subcontractor is an individual or in many cases a Business that signs a Contract to perform part or all of the obligations of another's contract Nokia increased Finland's GDP by more than 1. 5% in 1999 alone. In 2004 Nokia's share of the Finland's GDP was 3. 5% and accounted for almost a quarter of Finland's exports in 2003. In 2006, Nokia generated revenue that for the first time exceeded the state budget of Finland. A government Budget is a legal document that is often passed by the Legislature, and approved by the Chief executive -or president

Finns have ranked Nokia many times as the best Finnish brand and employer. The terms Finns and Finnish people ( Finnish: suomalaiset, Swedish: finländare) are used in English to Valued at $33. 7 billion, the Nokia brand is listed as the 5th most valuable global brand in Interbrand/BusinessWeek's Best Global Brands list of 2007 (1st non-US company). Interbrand, a division of Omnicom, is a branding consultancy Interbrand was founded in 1974 as Novamark by John Murphy, a former employee of Dunlop, in BusinessWeek is a business Magazine published by McGraw-Hill. ^[9][10] As of 2007, it is the number one brand in Asia^[11] and Europe,^[12] the 23rd most admirable company worldwide in Fortune's World's Most Admired Companies list of 2008 (tied with Exxon Mobil; 2nd in Network Communications, 5th non-US company),^[13] and is the world's 119th largest company in Fortune Global 500 list of 2007, up from 131 of the previous year. Fortune is a Global Business Magazine published by Time Inc's Fortune|Money Group The Exxon Mobil Corporation, or ExxonMobil, is an American oil and gas Corporation and a direct descendant of John D The Fortune Global 500 is a ranking of the top 500 Corporations worldwide as measured by Revenue. ^[14] AMR Research ranks Nokia's global supply chain number one in the world. A supply chain or logistics network is the system of organizations people technology activities information and resources involved in moving a product or service from ^[15][16]

History

The Nokia House, Nokia's head office located by the Gulf of Finland in Keilaniemi, Espoo, was constructed between 1995 and 1997. The Nokia head office is the head office building of Nokia Corporation, located in Keilaniemi, Espoo, just outside Helsinki, The Gulf of Finland ( Finnish: Suomenlahti, Russian: Финский залив, Finskiy zaliv, Swedish: Finska viken Keilaniemi (Kägeludden is a district in the south-eastern part of Espoo, Finland. Espoo (ˈespoː Esbo ( in Swedish) is the second largest city of Finland, with a population of approximately 240000 It is the workplace of more than 1,000 Nokia employees. ^[17]

Pre-telecommunications era

What is known today as Nokia (pronounced /ˈnoʊkiə/, Finnish IPA: [ˈnokiɑ]) was established in 1865 as a wood-pulp mill by Knut Fredrik Idestam on the banks of the Tammerkoski rapids in the town of Tampere, in south-western Finland. A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber source into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a Paper mill for further Knut Fredrick Idestam (October 28 1838 Tyrväntö Finland – April 8 1916 Helsinki) was a Finnish mining engineer and businessman best known as a Tammerkoski is a channel of Rapids in Tampere, Finland. The city of Tampere is located between two lakes Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi Tampere ( ˈtɑmpɛrɛ Swedish: Tammerfors or) is a city in southern Finland located between two lakes Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The company was later relocated to the town of Nokia by the Nokianvirta river, which had better resources for hydropower production. Nokia (ˈnokiɑ is a city on the banks of the Nokianvirta River ( Kokemäenjoki) in the region of Pirkanmaa and the province of Western Finland Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the Force or Energy of moving water which may That is where the company got the name that it still uses today. The name Nokia originated from the river which flowed through the town. The river itself, Nokianvirta, was named after the old Finnish word originally meaning a dark, furry animal that was locally known as the nokia, or sable, or later pine marten. SABLE is an XML Markup language used to annotate texts for Speech synthesis.

Finnish Rubber Works established its factories in the beginning of 20th century nearby and began using Nokia as its brand. Shortly after World War I, Finnish Rubber Works acquired Nokia Wood Mills as well as Finnish Cable Works, a producer of telephone and telegraph cables. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information These three companies were merged to form Nokia Corporation in 1967.

The new company was involved in many sectors, producing at one time or another paper products, bicycle and car tires, footwear (including Wellington boots), personal computers, communications cables, televisions, electricity generation machinery, capacitors, aluminium, etc. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind This article is about tires used on road Vehicles including pneumatic tires and solid tires. The Wellington boot, also known as a wellie, a topboot, a gumboot, or a rubber boot, is a type of Boot based upon Hessian A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated A cable is one or more Wires or Optical fibers bound together typically in a common protective jacket or sheath Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic A capacitor is a passive electrical component that can store Energy in the Electric field between a pair of conductors WikipediaNaming

Telecommunications era

The seeds of the current incarnation of Nokia were planted with the founding of the electronics section of the cable division in the 1960s. In the 1967 fusion, that section was separated into its own division, and began manufacturing telecommunications equipment.

First mobile phones

Nokia had been producing commercial and military mobile radio communications technology since the 1960s. Since 1964 Nokia had developed VHF-radio simultaneously with Salora Oy, which later in 1971 also developed the ARP-phone. Very high frequency (VHF is the Radio frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz. For other meanings of the abbreviation see Arp. ARP ( Autoradiopuhelin, "car radio phone" was the first commercially In 1979 the merger of these two companies resulted in the establishment of Mobira Oy. Mobira began developing mobile phones for the Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) network standard that went online in the 1980s and in 1982 it introduced its first car phone, the Mobira Senator for NMT 450 networks. NMT ( Nordisk MobilTelefoni or Nordiska MobilTelefoni-gruppen, Nordic Mobile Telephony in English is the first fully-automatic Cellular phone A car phone is a Mobile phone device specifically designed and fitted into an Automobile.

Nokia's early model Mobira Cityman 200.

Nokia bought Salora Oy in 1984 and now owning 100% of the company, changed the company's telecommunication branch name to Nokia-Mobira Oy. The Mobira Talkman, launched in 1984, was one of the world's first transportable phones. In 1987, Nokia introduced one of the world's first handheld phones, the Mobira Cityman 900. While the Mobira Senator of 1982 had weighed 9. 8 kg (22 lb) and the Talkman just under 5 kg (11 lb), the Mobira Cityman weighed only 800 g (28 oz) with the battery and had a price tag of 24,000 Finnish marks (approximately €4,560). The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass The markka ( Finnish) or mark ( Swedish) was the Currency of Finland from 1860 until February 28, 2002, when ^[18] Despite the high price, the first phones were almost snatched from the sales assistants’ hands. Initially, the mobile phone was a "yuppie" product and a status symbol. The term yuppie (short for " young urban professional A status symbol is a visible external denotation of one's social position and indicator of status.

In 1988, Jorma Nieminen, resigning from the post of CEO of the mobile phone unit, along with two other employees from the unit, started a notable mobile phone company of their own, Benefon Oy. Benefon is a mobile telecommunications company founded in 1988 and headquartered in Salo, Finland. One year later, Nokia Mobira Oy became Nokia Mobile Phones and in 1991 the first GSM phone was launched. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the

Involvement in GSM

Nordic Mobile Telephony was the world's first mobile telephony standard that enabled international roaming, and provided valuable experience for Nokia for its close participation in developing Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). NMT ( Nordisk MobilTelefoni or Nordiska MobilTelefoni-gruppen, Nordic Mobile Telephony in English is the first fully-automatic Cellular phone GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the It is a digital standard which came to dominate the world of mobile telephony in the 1990s, in mid-2006 accounting for about two billion mobile telephone subscribers in the world, or about 80% percent of the total, in more than 200 countries. The world's first commercial GSM call was made in 1991 in Helsinki over a Nokia-supplied network, by then Prime Minister of Finland Harri Holkeri, using a Nokia phone. The Prime Minister (pääministeri Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. Harri Hermanni Holkeri (ˈhɑrːi ˈhɛrmɑnːi ˈhɔlkɛri KBE (born January 6, 1937 in Oripää) is a Finnish politician of The following is a partial list of products Branded by Nokia.

Networking equipment

In the 1970s, Nokia became more involved in the telecommunications industry by developing the Nokia DX200, a digital switch for telephone exchanges. The DX200 is a Digital telephone switching exchange developed by Nokia and now marketed by Nokia Siemens Networks. In the field of Telecommunications, a telephone exchange or telephone switch is a system of electronic components that connects telephone calls In 1982, a DX200 switch became the world's first digital telephone switch to be put into operational use. The DX200 became the workhorse of the network equipment division. Its modular and flexible architecture enabled it to be developed into various switching products.

For a while in the 1970s, Nokia's network equipment production was separated into Telefenno, a company jointly owned by the parent corporation and by a company owned by the Finnish state. In 1987 the state sold its shares to Nokia and in 1992 the name was changed to Nokia Telecommunications.

In the 1970s and 1980s Nokia developed the Sanomalaitejärjestelmä ("Message device system") for Finnish Defence Forces. The Finnish Defence Forces is responsible for defence of Finland. ^[19]

Personal computers

In the 1980s, Nokia produced a series of personal computers called MikroMikko. A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated MikroMikko was a Finnish line of Microcomputers released by Nokia Data from 1981 through 1987. ^[20] However, the PC division was sold to ICL, which later became part of Fujitsu. International Computers Ltd, or ICL, was a large British Computer hardware, Computer software and Computer services company that operated from is a Japanese company specializing in Semiconductors Computers ( Supercomputers Personal computers, servers, Telecommunications That company later transferred its personal computer operations to Fujitsu Siemens Computers, which shut down its only factory in Finland (in the town of Espoo, where computers had been produced since the 1960s) at the end of March 2000^[21][22], thus ending large-scale PC manufacturing in the country. Fujitsu Siemens Computers Inc is a Japanese and German IT vendor, selling consumer and business computing products in the markets of Europe Nokia was also known for producing very high quality CRT displays for PC and larger systems application.

Challenges of growth

In the 1980s, during the era of its CEO Kari Kairamo, Nokia expanded into new fields, mostly by acquisitions. Kari Kairamo ( December 31, 1932 near Kotka in Finland, &ndash December 11, 1988 in Espoo, Finland In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the corporation ran into serious financial problems, a major reason being its heavy losses by the television manufacturing division (these problems probably contributed to Kairamo taking his own life in 1988). Nokia responded by streamlining its telecommunications divisions, and by divesting itself of the television and PC divisions. Jorma Ollila, who became the CEO in 1992, made a strategic decision to concentrate solely on telecommunications. Jorma Jaakko Ollila (born in Seinäjoki, Finland, on August 15, 1950) is the Chairman (1992–) and former CEO of Thus, during the rest of the 1990s, Nokia continued to divest itself of all of its non-telecommunications divisions.

The exploding worldwide popularity of mobile telephones, beyond even Nokia's most optimistic predictions, caused a logistics crisis in the mid-1990s. Logistics is the management of the flow of Goods, Information and other resources including Energy and people between the point of origin and the point This prompted Nokia to overhaul its entire logistics operation. Logistics continues to be one of Nokia's major advantages over its rivals, along with greater economies of scale.

In the new millennium

Progression of size in Nokia mobile phones.

In April 2003, the troubles of the networks equipment division caused the corporation to resort to similar streamlining practices on that side, including layoffs and organizational restructuring. Layoff is the temporary suspension or permanent Termination of employment of an Employee or (more commonly a group of employees for Business reasons ^[23] This diminished Nokia's public image in Finland,^[24][25] and produced a number of court cases and an episode of a documentary television show critical of Nokia. A legal case is a dispute between opposing parties resolved by a Court, or by some equivalent legal process Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality ^[26]

Despite these occasional crises, Nokia has been phenomenally successful in its chosen field. Its growth has come mostly during the era of Jorma Ollila as CEO and his team of about six close colleagues. A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator In June 2006, Ollila left to become the chairman of Royal Dutch Shell. Royal Dutch Shell plc, commonly known simply as Shell, is a multinational oil company of Dutch and British origins Nokia's new CEO is Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo. Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo (born in Lavia, Finland on July 13, 1953) is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Nokia Corporation

The Nokia 6300, a member of the Nokia 6000 series, Nokia's largest family of phones. The Nokia 6300 is a mobile telephone handset produced by Nokia. The Nokia 6000 series or Classic Business series is range of mobile phones marketed by Nokia.

On February 2006, Nokia and Sanyo announced a memorandum of understanding to create a joint venture addressing the CDMA handset business. () is a major Japanese electronics company and member of the Fortune 500 whose headquarters is located in Moriguchi, Osaka prefecture, Japan A memorandum of understanding ( MOU or MoU) is a Document describing a Bilateral or multilateral Agreement between parties Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies But in June, they announced ending negotiations without agreement. Nokia also stated its decision to pull out of CDMA research and development, to continue CDMA business in selected markets. ^[27][28][29]

On February 10, 2006, Nokia acquired Intellisync Corporation, a provider of data and PIM synchronization software. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Intellisync Corporation is a provider of Data and PIM Synchronization software for mobile devices such as Cell Phones and PDAs The company was

On June 19, 2006, Nokia and Siemens AG announced the companies are to merge their mobile and fixed-line phone network equipment businesses to create one of the world's largest network firms. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Each company will have a 50% stake in the infrastructure company, to be headquartered in the Helsinki area, and to be called Nokia Siemens Networks. Nokia Siemens Networks is a telecommunications solutions supplier which was created as the result of a joint venture between Siemens AG 's COM division (minus its Enterprise The companies predict annual sales of €16 bn and cost savings of €1. 5 bn a year by 2010. About 20,000 Nokia employees will be transferred to this new company.

In August 2006, Nokia acquired online music distributor Loudeye Corp for $60 m. The company has been developing this into an online music service in the hope of using it to generate handset sales. The service is expected to launch in late 2007 and would rival iTunes. iTunes is a proprietary digital media player application introduced by Apple Inc

In March 2007, Nokia signed a memorandum with Cluj County Council, Romania to open a new plant near the city in Jucu commune. Cluj (kluʒ Hungarian: Kolozs) is a County ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Cluj-Napoca Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Jucu is a commune in Cluj County, Romania. Economy In 2007 Nokia started a €88 million investment in Jucu building ^[30][31]

In May 2007, Nokia announced that its Nokia 1100 handset, with over 200 million units shipped, is the best-selling mobile phone of all time and the world's top-selling consumer electronics product. The Nokia 1100 (and a closely-related variant the Nokia 1101) is a durable and very simple GSM Mobile phone produced by Nokia with a 96 ^[32]

In July 2007, Nokia acquired all assets of Twango, the comprehensive media sharing solution for organizing and sharing photos, videos and other personal media. ^[33][34]

In September 2007, Nokia announced its intention to acquire Enpocket, a supplier of mobile advertising technology and services. Technology is a broad concept that deals with a Species ' usage and knowledge of Tools and Crafts and how it affects a species' ability to control and adapt ^[35]

In October 2007, pending shareholder and regulatory approval, Nokia bought Navteq, a U. Navteq is a Chicago Illinois -based provider of Geographic Information Systems (GIS data and is a dominant company in providing the base electronic maps S. -based supplier of digital mapping data, for a price of $8. 1 bn. ^[36]

At the Nokia World conference in December 2007, Nokia announced their "Comes With Music" program: Nokia device buyers are to receive a year of complimentary access to music downloads. ^[37] The service is expected to be commercially available in the second half of 2008.

In April 2008, Nokia began finding new ways to Connect People, asking the “audience” to use their creativity and their mobile devices to become Nokia’s production company - to take part in filming, acting, editing and producing a collaborative film. Nokia Productions will be the first ever mobile filmmaking project directed by Spike Lee. Shelton Jackson "Spike" Lee (born March 20 1957 is an Emmy Award -winning and Academy Award -nominated American Film director, This will be a collaborative experience that exists across borders and perspectives—working off a common script.

In May 2008, Nokia announced on their annual stockholder meeting that they want to shift to the internet business as a whole. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Nokia no longer wants to be seen as the telephone company. Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information Google, Apple and Microsoft are not seen as natural competition for their new image but they are considered as major important players to deal with. Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer

Corporate structure

Since January 1, 2008, Nokia comprises three business groups: Devices, Services & Software, and Markets. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common On April 1, 2007, Nokia’s Networks business group was combined with Siemens’ carrier-related operations for fixed and mobile networks to form Nokia Siemens Networks, jointly owned by Nokia and Siemens and consolidated by Nokia. Nokia Siemens Networks is a telecommunications solutions supplier which was created as the result of a joint venture between Siemens AG 's COM division (minus its Enterprise

Devices

Evolution of the Nokia Communicator. The Nokia Communicator is a brand name for a series of Nokia Smartphones, all of which appear as normal (if large phones on the outside yet have a keyboard and a Models 9000, 9110, 9210 and 9500 shown.

The Devices division combines its existing mainline mobile phones division with the separate subdivisions manufacturing Multimedia (Nseries) and Enterprise (Eseries) class devices as well as formerly centralized core devices R&D – called Technology Platforms, headed by Kai Öistämö. Nokia Nseries is a product family consisting of multimedia smartphones The Nokia Eseries consists of business-oriented smartphones with emphasis on enhanced connectivity and support for corporate e-mail push services

This division provides the general public with mobile voice and data products across a wide range of mobile devices, including high-volume, consumer oriented mobile phones and devices, and more expensive multimedia and enterprise-class devices. The devices are based on GSM/EDGE, 3G/WCDMA and CDMA cellular technologies. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 W-CDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G Cellular network. Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies Nokia's Nseries Multimedia Computers extensively uses Symbian OS. Nokia Nseries is a product family consisting of multimedia smartphones Symbian OS is an open Operating system, designed for Mobile devices with associated libraries, User interface frameworks and

In the first quarter of 2006 Nokia sold over 15 million MP3 capable mobile phones, which means that Nokia is not only the world's leading supplier of mobile phones and digital cameras (as most of Nokia's mobile telephones feature digital cameras, it is also believed that Nokia has recently overtaken Kodak in camera production making it the largest in the world), Nokia is now also the leading supplier of digital audio players (MP3 players), outpacing sales of devices such as the iPod from Apple. iPod is a popular brand of Portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics At the end of the year 2007, Nokia managed to sell almost 440 million mobile phones which accounted for 40% of all global mobile phones sales. ^[38]

Services & Software

The Nokia N95, an example of Nokia's Nseries multimedia computer lineup. Nokia Nseries is a product family consisting of multimedia smartphones

The Services & Software division combines the existing Enterprise and Consumer driver services businesses previously hosted in Multimedia and Enterprise as well as a number of new acquisitions (Loudeye, Gate5, Enpocket, Intellisync, Avvenu), headed by Niklas Savander.

The group works with companies outside the telecommunications industry to make advances in the technology and bring new applications and possibilities in areas such as online services, optics, music synchronization and streaming media. An online service provider is inclusive to Internet service providers and Web sites such as Wikipedia 's or Usenet (commonly accessed through Streaming multimedia is Multimedia that is constantly received by and normally presented to an end-user while it is being delivered by a streaming provider (the

Markets

The successor organization to Nokia's Customer and Market Operations division, represents the sales, marketing and manufacturing functions of the company, led by Anssi Vanjoki.

Nokia Siemens Networks

Main article: Nokia Siemens Networks

Nokia Siemens Networks (previously Nokia Networks) provides mobile network infrastructure, communications and networks service platforms, as well as professional services to operators and service providers. Nokia Siemens Networks is a telecommunications solutions supplier which was created as the result of a joint venture between Siemens AG 's COM division (minus its Enterprise Networks focuses in: GSM, EDGE, 3G/WCDMA and WiMAX radio access networks; core networks with increasing IP and multiaccess capabilities; and services.

At the end of 2005, Nokia Networks had more than 150 mobile network customers in more than 60 countries, with its systems serving in excess of 400 million subscribers.

On June 19, 2006 Nokia and Siemens AG announced the companies are to merge their mobile and fixed-line phone network equipment businesses to create one of the world's largest network firms, called Nokia Siemens Networks. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Nokia Siemens Networks is a telecommunications solutions supplier which was created as the result of a joint venture between Siemens AG 's COM division (minus its Enterprise The Nokia Siemens Networks brand identity, created by London and Tokyo based branding agency Moving Brands, was subsequently launched at the 3GSM World Congress in Barcelona in February 2007. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Moving Brands is a London and Tokyo based D&AD award nominated[http//www ^[39][40]

Corporate affairs

Corporate governance

The control and management of Nokia is divided among the shareholders at a general meeting and the Group Executive Board (left),^[41] under the direction of the Board of Directors (right). ^[42] The Chairman and the rest of the Group Executive Board members are appointed by the Board of Directors. Only the Chairman of the Group Executive Board can belong to both, the Board of Directors and the Group Executive Board. The Board of Directors' committees consist of the Audit Committee,^[43] the Personnel Committee^[44] and the Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee. ^[45][46]

The operations of the company are managed within the framework set by the Finnish Companies Act,^[47] Nokia's Articles of Association^[48] and Corporate Governance Guidelines,^[49] and related Board of Directors adopted charters.

Group Executive Board [41] Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo (Chairman), b. Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo (born in Lavia, Finland on July 13, 1953) is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Nokia Corporation 1953 President, CEO and Group Executive Board Chairman of Nokia Corporation since June 1, 2006 Member of the Nokia Board of Directors since May 3, 2007 With Nokia 1980–1981, rejoined 1982, Group Executive Board member since 1990 Robert Andersson, b. 1960 Executive Vice President, Devices Finance, Strategy and Sourcing Joined Nokia 1985, Group Executive Board member since 2005 / Simon Beresford-Wylie, b. Simon Beresford-Wylie (born May 18, 1958 in the United Kingdom) is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Nokia Siemens Networks 1958 Chief Executive Officer, Nokia Siemens Networks Joined Nokia 1998, Group Executive Board member since 2005 Timo Ihamuotila, b. Nokia Siemens Networks is a telecommunications solutions supplier which was created as the result of a joint venture between Siemens AG 's COM division (minus its Enterprise 1966 Executive Vice President, Sales With Nokia 1993–1996, rejoined 1999, Group Executive Board member since 2007 Mary T. McDowell, b. 1964 Executive Vice President, Chief Development Officer Joined Nokia 2004, Group Executive Board member since 2004 Hallstein Mørk, b. 1953 Executive Vice President, Human Resources Joined Nokia 1999, Group Executive Board member since 2004 Dr. Tero Ojanperä, b. 1966 Executive Vice President, Entertainment & Communities Joined Nokia 1990, Group Executive Board member since 2005 Niklas Savander, b. 1962 Executive Vice President, Services & Software Joined Nokia 1997, Group Executive Board member since 2006 Richard A. Simonson, b. 1958 Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer Joined Nokia 2001, Group Executive Board member since 2004 Veli Sundbäck, b. 1946 Executive Vice President, Corporate Relations and Responsibility Joined Nokia 1996, Group Executive Board member since 1996 Anssi Vanjoki, b. 1956 Executive Vice President, Markets Joined Nokia 1991, Group Executive Board member since 1998 Dr. Kai Öistämö, b. 1964 Executive Vice President, Devices Joined Nokia 1991, Group Executive Board member since 2005

Board of Directors [42][50] Jorma Ollila (Chairman), b. Jorma Jaakko Ollila (born in Seinäjoki, Finland, on August 15, 1950) is the Chairman (1992–) and former CEO of 1950 Board member since 1995, Chairman of the Board of Directors since 1999 Chairman of the Board of Directors of Royal Dutch Shell PLC Dame Marjorie Scardino (Vice Chairman), b. Royal Dutch Shell plc, commonly known simply as Shell, is a multinational oil company of Dutch and British origins Dame Marjorie Morris Scardino, DBE, FRSA, (born 25 January 1947 United States) is the CEO of Pearson PLC. 1947 Board member since 2001 Chairman of the Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee, Member of the Personnel Committee Chief Executive Officer and member of the Board of Directors of Pearson PLC Georg Ehrnrooth, b. Pearson plc () is a London -based media conglomerate. It is the largest book Publisher in the UK, India, Australia 1940 Board member since 2000 Member of the Audit Committee, Member of the Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee Lalita D. Gupte, b. Lalita D Gupte, Joint Managing Director of ICICI Bank (India’s second largest Commercial bank) until October 31 2006 is an important figure in India’s 1948 Board member since 2007 Member of the Audit Committee Non-executive Chairman of the ICICI Venture Funds Management Co Ltd. Dr. Bengt Holmström, b. ICICI Bank ( (formerly Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) is India 's largest private sector bank in market capitalization and second largest Bengt Robert Holmström (born 18 April 1949 in Helsinki is the Paul A 1949 Board member since 1999 Paul A. Samuelson Professor of Economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, joint appointment at the MIT Sloan School of Management Dr. Henning Kagermann, b. Paul Anthony Samuelson (born May 15, 1915) is an American neoclassical Economist known for his contributions to many fields of Henning Kagermann (born July 12 1947) is chairman of the Executive Board and Chief Executive Officer of SAP AG. 1947 Board member since 2007 CEO and Chairman of the Executive Board of SAP AG Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo, b. SAP AG (,) is the largest European Software enterprise and the fourth largest in the world with headquarters in Walldorf, Germany Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo (born in Lavia, Finland on July 13, 1953) is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Nokia Corporation 1953 Board member since 2007 President and CEO of Nokia Corporation Per Karlsson, b. 1955 Board member since 2002, Independent Corporate Advisor Chairman of the Personnel Committee, Member of the Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee Risto Siilasmaa, b. Risto Siilasmaa (born 1966 in Finland) is the Chairman founder and former Chief Executive Officer of F-Secure Corporation (formerly Data Fellows an 1966 Board member since 2008 Member of the Audit Committee Keijo Suila, b. 1945 Board member since 2006 Member of the Audit Committee

Historical logos

Nokia Company logo. Founded in Tampere in 1865, logo 1966. Tampere ( ˈtɑmpɛrɛ Swedish: Tammerfors or) is a city in southern Finland located between two lakes Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi

Nokia – Finnish Rubber Works Ltd, founded in Helsinki in 1898. Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. Logo 1965–1966.

The Nokia "arrows" logo before its Connecting People logo.

Nokia introduced its "Connecting People" advertising slogan, coined by Ove Strandberg. Advertising Slogans are short often memorable phrases used in advertising campaigns [51] The current logo's slogan uses Nokia's proprietary Nokia font. This earlier font shown here was Times Roman SC (Small Caps). Times New Roman is a Serif Typeface commissioned by the British newspaper The Times, in 1931, designed by Stanley [52]

Nokia Siemens Networks logo. Nokia Siemens Networks is a telecommunications solutions supplier which was created as the result of a joint venture between Siemens AG 's COM division (minus its Enterprise

Corporate culture

The Nokia House, Nokia's head office in Keilaniemi, Espoo, Finland. The Nokia head office is the head office building of Nokia Corporation, located in Keilaniemi, Espoo, just outside Helsinki, Keilaniemi (Kägeludden is a district in the south-eastern part of Espoo, Finland. Espoo (ˈespoː Esbo ( in Swedish) is the second largest city of Finland, with a population of approximately 240000 Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe.

Nokia's official corporate culture manifesto, The Nokia Way, emphasises the speed and flexibility of decision-making in a flat, networked organization, although the corporation's size necessarily imposes a certain amount of bureaucracy. Organizational culture is a concept in the field of Organizational studies and Management which describes the attitudes experiences beliefs and values In Business, entrepreneurial networks are Social organizations offering different types of resources to start or improve Entrepreneurial projects Bureaucracy is the structure and set of regulations in place to control activity usually in large organizations and government

The official business language of Nokia is English. All documentation is written in English, and is used in official intra-company spoken communication and e-mail.

Until May 2007, the Nokia Values were Customer Satisfaction, Respect, Achievement, and Renewal. Customer satisfaction, a Business term, is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation Respect is esteem for or a sense of the worth or excellence of a person a personal quality or ability or something considered as a manifestation of a personal quality or ability A goal or objective consists of a projected state of affairs which a Person or a System plans or intends to achieve or bring about — a personal or In May 2007, Nokia redefined its values after initiating a series of discussions worldwide as to what the new values of the company should be. Based on the employee suggestions, the new values were defined as: Engaging You, Achieving Together, Passion for Innovation and Very Human. ^[53]

Online services

. mobi and the Mobile Web

Nokia was the first proponent of a Top Level Domain (TLD) specifically for the Mobile Web and, as a result, was instrumental in the launch of the .mobi domain name extension in September 2006 as an official backer. The Mobile Web refers to the access to the World Wide Web using a mobile device such as cell phones, PDAs, and other portable gadgets connected to a public ^[54][55] Since then, Nokia has launched the largest mobile portal, Nokia.mobi, which receives over 100 million visits a month. ^[56] It followed that with the launch of a mobile Ad Service to cater to the growing demand for mobile advertisement. ^[57]

Ovi

Nokia Ovi logo. Ovi is the name for Nokia 's "umbrella concept" Internet services

Ovi, announced on August 29, 2007, is the name for Nokia's "umbrella concept" Internet services. Ovi is the name for Nokia 's "umbrella concept" Internet services Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Centered on Ovi. com, it will market as "personal dashboard" where users can share photos with friends, download music, maps and games directly to their phones and access third-party services like Yahoo's Flickr photo site. Flickr is an image and video hosting Website, Web services suite and Online community platform It has some significance in that Nokia is moving deeper into the world of Internet services, where head-on competition with Microsoft, Google and Apple is inevitable. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics ^[58]

The services so far announced to be offered through Ovi include the Nokia Music Store, Nokia Maps and the N-Gage mobile gaming platform available for several S60 smartphones. The N-Gage service is Nokia 's mobile gaming platform that is available for several Nokia S60 3rd Edition Smartphones It is a follow-up The S60 Platform (formerly Series 60 User Interface is a software platform for Mobile phones that runs on Symbian OS. A smartphone is a Mobile phone offering advanced capabilities beyond a typical mobile phone often with PC -like functionality

MOSH

In August 2007, Nokia launched their new social network, dubbed MOSH. MOSH is a user defined distribution channel for mobile content initiated by Nokia. MOSH by Nokia is the first-ever social network built by a handset manufacturer. MOSH aims to bring social, media-based networks to the mobile environment. MOSH is a user defined distribution channel for mobile content initiated by Nokia. Users can upload, download, share, and bookmark a variety of media - audio files, video files, documents, applications, games, images. ^[59]

Comes With Music

On December 4, 2007, Nokia unveiled their plans for the "Nokia Comes With Music" initiative, a program that would partner with Universal Music Group International and Sony BMG to bundle a year's worth of unlimited, DRM-free downloads with the purchase of a Nokia phone. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Universal Music Group (UMG is the largest Business group and family of Record labels in the Recording industry. Sony BMG Music Entertainment is a diverse music and entertainment group Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders Following the termination of the year of free downloads, tracks can be kept without having to renew the subscription. Downloads will be both PC and mobile-based. ^[37]

Environmental record

When people improperly discard items like computers, DVD players, and cell phones, e-waste is then created, which affects the environment. Electronic waste, " e-waste " or " Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment " (" WEEE " is a Waste type consisting ^[60] The majority of e-waste is hazardous to both people and the environment because it usually releases toxic materials, like lead and mercury, into soil and water, which can then affect humans, animals, and plants. Electronic waste, " e-waste " or " Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment " (" WEEE " is a Waste type consisting ^[60]

Despite the fact that Nokia produces some of these items, they are taking some steps to reduce their impact on the environment. Greenpeace, an environmental protection agency, released their seventh edition of Guide to Greener Electronics, which ranked Nokia in third place. Greenpeace, originally known as the Greenpeace Foundation, was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1972 ^[61] Some of the factors that are considered by this agency include the type of chemicals used in the company’s electronic products and the recycling programs they utilize. ^[61] Despite the fact that the company once held the first place position in this guide, their third place rank is an improvement from their previously held tenth place. ^[61] Although Nokia should have claimed the number one spot with 8. 3 out of 10 points, they were penalized because of flaws and variances in their take-back policies. ^[62] There have been improvements in the Philippines and Thailand, but Nokia has not yet announced or implemented a return program for their products in India or Russia. ^[61][62]

In an effort to further reduce their environmental impact, Nokia released a new phone concept, Remade, in February of 2008. ^[62] The phone has been constructed of solely recyclable materials. ^[62] The outer part of the phone is made from recycled materials such as aluminum cans, plastic bottles, and used car tires. ^[63] The screen is constructed of recycled glass, and the hinges have been created from rubber tires. ^[63] The interior of the phone is entirely constructed with refurbished phone parts, and there is a feature that encourages energy saving habits by reducing the backlight to the ideal level, which then allows the battery to last longer without frequent charges. ^[63] The product’s price or release date has not yet been announced. ^[63]

Research cooperation with universities

• Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
• Stanford University, United States
• Tampere University of Technology, Finland
• University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
• University of Glasgow, United Kingdom

See also

• List of Nokia products
• Gnokii
• Nokia Software Updater
• Nokia Sugar Bowl

References

Further reading

• Christian Lindholm, Turkka Keinonen, Harri Kiljander (2003). Mobile Usability: How Nokia Changed the Face of the Mobile Phone. ISBN 0-07-138514-2.
• Dan Steinbock (2001). The Nokia Revolution: The Story of an Extraordinary Company That Transformed an Industry. ISBN 0-8144-0636-X.
• Martti Häikiö (2002). Nokia: The Inside Story. ISBN 0-273-65983-9.
• Michael Lattanzi, Antti Korhonen, Vishy Gopalakrishnan (2006). Work Goes Mobile: Nokia's Lessons from the Leading Edge. ISBN 0-470-02752-5.
• Trevor Merriden (2001). Business The Nokia Way: Secrets of the World's Fastest Moving Company. ISBN 1-84112-104-5.

External links

• Official Nokia portal
• Complete Nokia Product History (PDF 179kb)
• Yahoo! – Nokia Corporation Company Profile