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Noctuidae
Flame Shoulder, Ochropleura plecta
Flame Shoulder, Ochropleura plecta
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Suborder: Ditrysia
(unranked) Macrolepidoptera
Superfamily: Noctuoidea
Family: Noctuidae
Latreille, 1809
Diversity
About 4,200 genera,
35,000 species
Type species
Noctua pronuba
(Large Yellow Underwing)
Subfamilies

Acontiinae
Acronictinae
Aganainae
Agaristinae
Amphipyrinae
Bagisarinae
Bryophilinae
Calpinae
Catocalinae
Cocytiinae
Condicinae
Cuculliinae
Dilobinae
Eucocytiinae
Eustrotiinae
Euteliinae
Glottulinae
Hadeninae
Heliothinae
Herminiinae
Hypeninae
Noctuinae
Pantheinae
Plusiinae
Psaphidinae
Raphinae
Stictopterinae
Stiriinae
Strepsimaninae
Ufeinae

The Noctuidae or Owlet moths are a family of robustly-built moths that includes more than 35,000 known species, possibly 100,000 species altogether, in more than 4,200 genera. The Flame Shoulder ( Ochropleura plecta) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. Arthropods are Animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, " Joint " Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. The Ditrysia are a natural group or clade of Insects in the Lepidopteran order containing both butterflies and Moths Macrolepidoptera is a group within the Insect order Lepidoptera. Noctuoidea is the Superfamily of noctuid ( Latin "night owl" or "owlet" Moths and has the largest number of Species Pierre André Latreille ( November 20, 1762 - February 6, 1833) was a French entomologist. Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year This is a list of the Diversity of the Lepidoptera showing the estimated number of genera and species described for each superfamily and where available family In biology a type is that which fixes a name to a Taxon. Depending on the nomenclature code which is applied to the organism in question a type may be a specimen The Large Yellow Underwing ( Noctua pronuba) is a Moth, the type species for the family Noctuidae. Acontiinae is a Subfamily of Moth family Noctuidae. Acontiinae incertae sedis The Acontiinae do not hold an overly Agaristinae is one of the larger Subfamilies of Moths in the family Noctuidae. Amphipyra is a Genus of Moths It is currently the only genus remaining in the Subfamily Amphipyrinae, the others having been Calpinae is a Subfamily of Moth family Noctuidae. It is closely related to the Catocalinae; both subfamilies contain large species Catocalinae is a Subfamily of Moth family Noctuidae (or alternatively family Erebidae) Hadeninae is a Subfamily of Moth family Noctuidae. The limits between this group and the Condicinae are not all too precisely Herminiinae is one of the smaller Subfamilies of the Moth family Noctuidae. Hypeninae is a Subfamily of Moth family Noctuidae. A notable species is Mecistoptera griseifusa (sometimes placed Noctuinae is a subfamily of the family Noctuidae. The larvae of many species feed on roots or stems of various grasses Pantheinae is a small Subfamily of Moth family Noctuidae. Genera Charadra Plusiinae is a smallish (for noctuid standards Subfamily of the Moth family Noctuidae. The Raphinae are a Subfamily of Extinct Flightless birds colloquially called didines or didine birds A moth is an Insect closely related to the Butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. They constitute the largest family in the Lepidoptera. Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies.

Their distribution is worldwide with about 1,450 species found in Europe [1] [2] [3]

Most have drab forewings, although some have brightly coloured hindwings. There are usually few differences between the sexes. The overwhelming majority of noctuids fly at night and are almost invariably strongly attracted to light. Many are also attracted to sugar and nectar-rich flowers. Nectar is a Sugar -rich liquid produced by plants It is produced either by the Flowers in which it attracts pollinating animals or by extrafloral A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also

Some of the family are preyed upon by bats. However, these members have developed an evasive system whereby upon hearing the high pitched note which is emitted by the bat to locate its prey, a tiny organ in the ear sends muscles in the wings into spasm - causing the moth to dart around erratically. This random movement has the effect of evading the incoming bat.

Several species have larvae (caterpillars) that live in the soil and are agricultural or horticultural pests. A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example Caterpillars are the Larval form of a member of the order Lepidoptera (the Insect order comprising butterflies and Moths Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Horticulture is the art and science of plant cultivation Horticulturists (or horticuluralists) work and conduct research in the fields of Plant propagation These are the "cutworms" that eat the bases of young brassicas and lettuces. The term cutworm is used for the Larvae of many species of Moth. Brassica ( Brás-si-ca) is a genus of plants in the mustard family ( Brassicaceae) They form hard, shiny pupae. A pupa ( Latin pupa for doll pl pupae or pupas) is the life stage of some Insects undergoing transformation Most noctuid larvae feed at night, resting in the soil or in a crevice in its food plant during the day.

The Noctuidae are remarkable for containing an extraordinary number of species whose caterpillars are able to feed on certain poisonous plants without harm. These foodplants - namely Solanaceae (e. The Solanaceae is a family of Flowering plants that contains a number of important agricultural plants as well as many toxic plants g. Nicotiana) and Fabaceae (e. Nicotiana refers to a Genus of Herbs and Shrubs of the Nightshade family ( Solanaceae) indigenous to Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of Flowering plants which is commonly known as the legume family, pea g. Sophora) - contain chemicals that would kill most insects trying to feed on them. Sophora is a Genus of about 45 species of small Trees and Shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae.

Systematics

Division into subfamilies, and the number of subfamilies is unsatisfactory and varies somewhat in various taxonomical systems. Several moth genera are not yet robustly assigned to subfamilies:

However recent molecular studies [4] [5] have shown that the family Noctuidae is paraphyletic. Anaphela is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae. Axiopoeniella is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae. Carpostalagma is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae. Galtarodes is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae. Grammarctia is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae. The subfamily Plusiinae should be raised to family status. The Noctuidae sensu stricto should be confined to trifines. The quadrifid noctuid subfamilies are paraphyletic (or perhaps polyphyletic) and should be grouped in a clade with the Arctiidae and Lymantriidae. A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor Arctiidae is a large and diverse family of Moths with around 11000 species found all over the world with 6000 Neotropical species (Scoble 1995 Lymantriidae or Liparidae is a family of Moths with about 350 known genera and over 2500 known Species found all over the world in every The terms trifid and quadrifid refer to the number of veins from the lower part of the hindwing midcell.

See list of noctuid genera. The huge Moth family Noctuidae contains the following genera A B C D E F G H

Notable species

Acronictinae

Amphipyrinae

Catocalinae

Cuculliinae

Hadeninae

Heliothinae

Ipimorphinae

Noctuinae

Plusiinae


Additional examples:

References

  1. ^ Fibiger, M. The sycamore ( Acronicta aceris) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. This article is about the Miller moth of Europe The name "Miller" is also used for similar moths elsewhere such as the genus Agrotis (e The Poplar Grey ( Acronicta megacephala) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Dark Dagger ( Acronicta tridens) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Grey Dagger ( Acronicta psi) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Marbled Beauty ( Cryphia domestica) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. Amphipyra is a Genus of Moths It is currently the only genus remaining in the Subfamily Amphipyrinae, the others having been Svensson's Copper Underwing ( Amphipyra berbera) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Copper Underwing ( Amphipyra pyramidea) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Mouse Moth ( Amphipyra tragopoginis) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. Spodoptera cilium —known variously as Dark Mottled Willow, Lawn Caterpillar and Grasslawn Armyworm —is a noctuid Moth The African armyworm (AAW Spodoptera exempta (Walker (Lepidoptera Noctuidae also called okalombo or Kommandowurm or nutgrass armyworm, The beet armyworm ( Spodoptera exigua) is one of the most well-known agricultural pest Insects It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar Spodoptera littoralis, the African Cotton Leafworm or Egyptian Cotton Leafworm —also known as the Mediterranean Brocade in the UK Catocalinae is a Subfamily of Moth family Noctuidae (or alternatively family Erebidae) The Aholibah Underwing is a Moth of the "owlet" family Noctuidae, which has over 25000 known members and more than that yet undescribed The Shark ( Cucullia umbratica) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. Hadeninae is a Subfamily of Moth family Noctuidae. The limits between this group and the Condicinae are not all too precisely The Nutmeg ( Discestra trifolii) also known as the Clover Cutworm, is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. Note the Small White species of butterfly is commonly called a "cabbage moth" in North America The Dot Moth ( Melanchra persicariae) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Bright-line Brown-eye ( Lacanobia oleracea) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Broad-barred White ( Hecatera bicolorata) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Lychnis ( Hadena bicruris) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Antler Moth ( Cerapteryx graminis) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Pine Beauty ( Panolis flammea) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Common Quaker ( Orthosia cerasi) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Hebrew Character ( Orthosia gothica) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Clay ( Mythimna ferrago) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Smoky Wainscot ( Mythimna impura) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Common Wainscot ( Mythimna pallens) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Shoulder-striped Wainscot ( Leucania comma) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Larva of the Moth Helicoverpa zea (formerly in the genus Heliothis) is a major agricultural pest Schinia varix is a species of Moth belonging to the family Noctuidae. The Dun-bar ( Cosmia trapezina) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Dark Arches ( Apamea monoglypha) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Clouded-bordered Brindle ( Apamea crenata) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Dusky Brocade ( Apamea remissa) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Rustic Shoulder-knot ( Apamea sordens) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Minor Shoulder-knot ( Brachylomia viminalis) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Northern Deep-brown Dart ( Aporophyla lueneburgensis) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Grey Chi ( Antitype chi) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Satellite ( Eupsilia transversa) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Brick ( Agrochola circellaris) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Straw Underwing ( Thalpophila matura) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Small Angle Shades ( Euplexia lucipara) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Angle Shades ( Phlogophora meticulosa) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. Noctuinae is a subfamily of the family Noctuidae. The larvae of many species feed on roots or stems of various grasses The Large Yellow Underwing ( Noctua pronuba) is a Moth, the type species for the family Noctuidae. The Lesser Yellow Underwing ( Noctua comes) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing ( Noctua janthina) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Autumnal Rustic ( Eugnorisma glareosa) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The true lover's knot is the name for several knots including the Middleman's knot Fisherman's knot and Shamrock knot The Ingrailed Clay ( Diarsia mendica) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Small Square-spot ( Diarsia rubi) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Setaceous Hebrew Character ( Xestia c-nigrum) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Double Square-spot ( Xestia triangulum) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Six-striped Rustic ( Xestia sexstrigata) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Square-spot Rustic ( Xestia xanthographa) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Gothic ( Naenia typica) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Garden Dart ( Euxoa nigricans) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Bogong moth ( Agrotis infusa) is a temperate Species of night-flying Moth notable for appearing in large numbers around major public buildings The Turnip Moth ( Agrotis segetum) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Heart and Club ( Agrotis clavis) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Heart and Dart ( Agrotis exclamationis) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Flame Shoulder ( Ochropleura plecta) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. Plusiinae is a smallish (for noctuid standards Subfamily of the Moth family Noctuidae. The Silver Y ( Autographa gamma) is a migratory Moth of the family Noctuidae which is named for the silvery Y-shaped mark on each of its The Pasture Day Moth, Apina callisto (synonym Amazelo callisto) is a species in the Noctuidae family of Moths which is as its name The Flame ( Axylia putris) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The Lunar Underwing ( Omphaloscelis lunosa) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The noctuid moth Ascalapha odorata bears the common name Black Witch. , 1990. Noctuinae 1. - Noctuidae Europaeae 1, Sorø, Denmark
  2. ^ Fibiger, M. , 1993. Noctuinae 2. - Noctuidae Europaeae 2, Sorø, Denmark
  3. ^ Fibiger, M. , 1997. Noctuinae 3. - Noctuidae Europaeae 3, Sorø, Denmark.
  4. ^ Weller, S. J. , Pashley, D. P. , Martin, J. A. , and Constable, J. L. (1994). "Phylogeny of noctuoid moths and the utility of combining independent nuclear and mitochondrial genes". Systematic Biology 43 (43): 194–211. doi:10.2307/2413461. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  5. ^ Andrew Mitchell, Charles Mitter, Jerome C. Regier (2006). "Systematics and evolution of the cutworm moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): evidence from two protein-coding nuclear genes". Systematic Entomology 1 (31): 21–46.   abstract online
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