| Nocardiosis Classification and external resources |
|
| ICD-10 | A43. |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 039.9 |
| DiseasesDB | 9058 |
| eMedicine | med/1644 derm/297 ped/1610 |
| MeSH | D009617 |
Nocardiosis is an infectious disease affecting either the lungs (pulmonary nocardiosis) or the whole body (systemic nocardiosis). The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings A00-A79 - Bacterial infections and other intestinal infectious diseases and STDs (A00-A09 Intestinal Infectious diseases ( The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The Diseases Database is a free Website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions Symptoms, and Medications. eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely two medical doctors Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books An infectious disease is a clinically evident Disease resulting from the presence of Pathogenic microbial agents including Pathogenic viruses Pathogenic lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive It is due to infection by bacterium of the genus Nocardia, most commonly Nocardia asteroides or Nocardia brasiliensis. Nocardia is a Genus of Gram-positive, catalase-positive, rod-shaped Bacteria. Nocardia is a Genus of Gram-positive, catalase-positive, rod-shaped Bacteria.
It is most common in men, especially those with a compromised immune system. In patients with brain infection, mortality exceeds 80%; in other forms, mortality is 50%, even with appropriate therapy. [1]
Contents |
Causes
Normally found in soil, these organisms cause occasional sporadic disease in humans and animals throughout the world. The usual mode of transmission is inhalation of organisms suspended in dust. Transmission by direct inoculation through puncture wounds or abrasions is less common. [1] Generally, nocardial infection requires some degree of immune suppression.
Symptoms
Pulmonary Infection
- night sweats, fever, cough, chest pain
- Pulmonary nocardiosis is subacute in onset and refractory to standard antibiotherapy
- symptoms are more severe in immunocompromised individuals
- radiologic studies show multiple pulmonary infiltrates with tendency to central necrosis
Neurological Infection
- Headache, lethargy, confusion, seizures, sudden onset of neurological deficit
- CT scan shows cerebral abscess
- Nocardial meningitis is very rare and difficult to diagnose
[1] Lymphocutaneous disease
- Nocardial cellulitis is akin of erysipela but is more subacute
- Nodular lymphangeitis mimics sporotrichosis with multiple nodules alongside a lymphatic pathway
- Mycetoma is a rare complication and osteitis may ensue . Fever (also known as pyrexia, from the Greek pyretos meaning fire or a febrile response, from the Latin word Febris In Medicine, a cough ( Latin: tussis) is a sudden and often repetitively occurring defence Reflex which helps to clear the large breathing passages
Ocular disease
- Very rarely nocardiae cause keratitis
- Gennerally there is a history of ocular trauma
Disseminated nocardiosis
- Disseminated infection can occur in very immunocompromised patients
- It generally involves both lungs and brain
- Fever, moderate or very high can be seen
- Multiple cavitating pulmonary infiltrates develop
- Cerebral abscesses arise later
- Cutaneou lesions are very rarely seen
- If untreated, the prognosis is grim for this form of disease
Diagnosis
Diagnosis may be difficult. Nocardiae are weakly acid-fast organisms and can be visualized by modified Ziehl Neelsen stains like Fite-Faraco method In the clinical laboratory, routine cultures may be held for insufficient time to grow nocardiae, and referral to a reference laboratory may be needed for species identification. [2] Infiltration and pleural effusion are usually seen via x-ray. Pleural effusion is excess fluid that accumulates in the Pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the Lungs Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation.
Treatment
Nocardiosis requires at least 6 months of treatment, preferably with co-trimoxazole or high doses of sulfonamides. In patients who don’t respond to sulfonamide treatment, other drugs, such as ampicillin, erythromycin, or minocycline, may be added. Treatment also includes surgical drainage of abscesses and excision of necrotic tissue. The acute phase requires complete bed rest; as the patient improves, activity can increase. Bed rest is a Doctor's prescription to spend a longer period of time in bed [1] A new combination drug therapy (sulfonamide, ceftriaxone, and amikacin) has also shown promise. [2]
References
- ^ a b c Nocardiosis (Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition)) - WrongDiagnosis.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre.
- ^ a b Nocardiosis: DBMD - WrongDiagnosis.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre.
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