Nintendo Company Ltd. 任天堂株式会社
Type	Public TYO: 7974 NASDAQ: NTDOY FWB: NTO
Founded	September 23, 1889[1]
Headquarters	Kyoto International Offices: Redmond, Washington Richmond, British Columbia Großostheim, Germany Scoresby, Victoria Suzhou, China (as iQue, Ltd.) Seoul, South Korea Costa del Este, Panama (as Latamel Inc. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc The, or TSE, located in Tokyo, Japan, is the second largest Stock exchange market in the world by market value second only to the New York Stock The NASDAQ (acronym of National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is an American Stock exchange. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. Redmond is a city in King County, Washington, According to the Washington State Office of Financial Management's April 1 2008 estimate the city has a population Richmond (ˈrɪtʃmənd}} is an incorporated city on the Pacific coast of the Canadian province of British Großostheim, (spelled Grossostheim in English) is a municipality in the Aschaffenburg district of Bavaria, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Scoresby is a Suburb of Melbourne, Australia, in the state of Victoria. Suzhou ( ancient name 吳) is a City on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Lake Taihu in the province of Jiangsu Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES iQue Limited ( is a Chinese Joint venture with its founder Wei Yen, and Nintendo. Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. ) Monrovia, Liberia
Key people	Satoru Iwata: President & CEO Reggie Fils-Aime: President & COO of NOA Shigeru Miyamoto: Game Designer Gunpei Yokoi (deceased): Creator of Game Boy, Game & Watch, and Metroid Hiroshi Yamauchi: Former President & Chairman Minoru Arakawa & Howard Lincoln: Former heads of NOA Satoru Shibata: President of NOE
Industry	Card games (previously) Video games
Products	Game Boy line, Color TV Game, NES, SNES, Nintendo 64, Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo DS, Wii, and various video game titles. For alternate meanings see Monrovia (disambiguation. Monrovia, is the Capital city of the West African nation of Liberia Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire is the fourth President and CEO of Nintendo succeeding the long-standing previous president of the company Hiroshi Yamauchi in 2002 President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator Reginald "Reggie" Fils-Aimé (ˈfiːzəmeɪ fee-suh-may) (born March 1961 is President and Chief Operating Officer of Nintendo of America A chief operating officer or chief operations officer ( COO) is a Corporate officer responsible for managing the day-to-day activities of the Corporation is a Japanese Video game designer. He is the creator of the Mario, Donkey Kong, The Legend of Zelda, Gunpei Yokoi, also spelled ( September 10 1941 – October 4 1997) was a long-time Nintendo employee creator of the Game The is a handheld video game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. The (G&W series were Handheld electronic games made by Nintendo and created by its game designer Gunpei Yokoi from to. is the first game in the ''Metroid'' series of video games It was released first for the Famicom Disk System on August 6, 1986 is a Japanese businessman He was the third president of Nintendo Co (born September 3, 1946) was the president of Nintendo of America (NOA from 1980 to 2002 Howard Charles Lincoln (born February 14, 1940) is an American lawyer and businessman known primarily for being the former chairman of Nintendo of Satoru Shibata was the former president of Nintendo Australia and is now the president of Nintendo of Europe. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" A card game is any Game using Playing cards either traditional or game-specific The video game industry (formally referred to as Interactive entertainment) is the economic sector involved with the development, Marketing In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need The line is a line of battery -powered Handheld game consoles sold by Nintendo. The Color TV Game series is a series of home Dedicated consoles released by Nintendo. The Nintendo Entertainment System (often abbreviated as NES or simply Nintendo) is an 8-bit Video game console that was released by The Super Nintendo Entertainment System or Super NES (also called SNES and Super Nintendo) is a 16-bit Video game console that was The, often abbreviated as N64, is Nintendo 's third home Video game console for the international market The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era. The is a dual-screen Handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device.
Revenue	▲ USD$8. In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 19 billion (2007)[2]
Employees	3,768 (2008)
Website	Nintendo Japan Nintendo of America Nintendo Europe Nintendo Australia

Nintendo Company Ltd. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages (任天堂株式会社 Nintendō Kabushiki-kaisha^?) is a multinational corporation headquartered in Kyoto, Japan founded on September 23, 1889^[1] by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce handmade hanafuda cards. Multinational corporation ( MNC) or transnational corporation ( TNC) is a Corporation or enterprise that manages Production or delivers (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Fusajiro Yamauchi (山内 房治郎 Yamauchi Fusajirō, November 22, 1859 &ndash January 1940 was the founder of the company that is now known as are Playing cards of Japanese origin ( Karuta cards used to play a number of games ^[3] In the mid-twentieth century, the company tried several small niche businesses, such as a love hotel and a taxi company. A is a type of short-stay hotel found in Japan operated primarily for the purpose of allowing couples privacy to have Sexual intercourse. ^[4] Over time, it became a video game company, growing into one of the most powerful in the industry and Japan’s third most valuable listed company with a market value of more than US$85 billion. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The video game industry (formally referred to as Interactive entertainment) is the economic sector involved with the development, Marketing For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been ^[5] Aside from video games, Nintendo is also the majority owner of the Seattle Mariners, a Major League Baseball team in Seattle, Washington. The Seattle Mariners are an American professional baseball team based in Seattle, Washington, United States.

In 2008 Nintendo was honored at the 59th Annual Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards for pioneering the development of handheld games with its Nintendo DS system, and for the unique user interface of the Wii. A Technology and Engineering Emmy Award is given by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS for outstanding achievement in technical or The is a dual-screen Handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo.

Contents 1 Name origin 2 History 2.1 As a card company (1889 – 1956) 2.2 New Ventures (1956 – 1975) 2.3 Electronic Era (1975 – Present) 2.4 Slogans 3 Gaming systems 4 Offices and locations 5 Nintendo policy 5.1 Emulation 5.2 Content guidelines 5.3 Licensee guidelines 5.4 Public relations 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

Name origin

According to Nintendo's Touch Generations website the name "Nintendo" translated from Japanese to English means "Leave luck to heaven. "^[6]

History

Main article: History of Nintendo

As a card company (1889 – 1956)

Nintendo started as a small Japanese business by Fusajiro Yamauchi near the end of 1889 as Nintendo Koppai. Fusajiro Yamauchi (山内 房治郎 Yamauchi Fusajirō, November 22, 1859 &ndash January 1940 was the founder of the company that is now known as Based in Kyoto, Japan, the business produced and marketed a playing card game called Hanafuda. A playing card is a piece of specially prepared heavy paper thin card or thin plastic figured with distinguishing motifs and used as one of a set for playing Card games are Playing cards of Japanese origin ( Karuta cards used to play a number of games The handmade cards soon began to gain popularity, and Yamauchi had to hire assistants to mass produce cards to keep up with the demand.

New Ventures (1956 – 1975)

In 1956, Hiroshi Yamauchi paid a visit to the US, to engage in talks with the United States Playing Card Company, the dominant playing card manufacturer in the US. The United States Playing Card Company, started in 1867, produces and distributes Playing cards including Kem, Bee, Bicycle, Yamauchi was shocked to find that the world’s biggest company in his business was relegated to using a small office. This was a turning point where Yamauchi realized the limitations of the playing card business. He then gained access to Disney’s characters and put them on the playing cards, in order to drive sales.

In 1963, Yamauchi renamed Nintendo Playing Card Company Limited to Nintendo Company, Limited. The company then began to experiment in other areas of business using the newly injected capital. During this period of time between 1963 and 1968, Nintendo set up a taxi company, a "love hotel" chain, a TV network and a food company (trying to sell instant rice, similar to instant noodles). A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride A is a type of short-stay hotel found in Japan operated primarily for the purpose of allowing couples privacy to have Sexual intercourse. Instant noodles are dried or precooked Noodles fused with oil and often sold with a packet of flavoring All these ventures eventually failed, and after the Tokyo Olympics, playing card sales dropped, leaving Nintendo with 60 yen in stocks.

In 1966, Nintendo moved into the Japanese toy industry with the Ultra Hand, an extending arm developed by maintenance engineer Gunpei Yokoi in his free time. The Ultra Hand was a toy created by Gunpei Yokoi, the former Nintendo worker in 1967 Gunpei Yokoi, also spelled ( September 10 1941 – October 4 1997) was a long-time Nintendo employee creator of the Game The Ultra Hand was a huge success, selling approximately 1. 3 million units. Gunpei Yokoi was moved from maintenance to the new "Nintendo Games" department as a product developer. Nintendo continued to produce popular toys, including the Ultra Machine, Love Tester and the Kousenjuu series of light gun games. The Love tester, sometimes called a love teller, is a novelty device that rates your level of romanticism Despite some successful products, Nintendo struggled to meet the fast development and manufacturing turnaround required of the toy market, and fell behind the well-established companies such as Bandai and Tomy. is a Japanese Toy making company as well as the producer of a large number of Plastic model kits Tomy Co Ltd is the legal English name for the Japanese toy children’s merchandise and entertainment company created on March 1 2006 by the merger of "former" Tomy

In 1973, the focus shifted to family entertainment venues with the Laser Clay Shooting System, using the same light gun technology used in their Kousenjuu series of toys, and set up in abandoned bowling alleys. The Laser Clay Shooting System was a Light gun game created by Nintendo in 1973. Following some success, Nintendo developed several more light gun machines for the emerging arcade scene. While the Laser Clay Shooting System ranges had to be shut down following excessive costs, Nintendo had found a new market.

Electronic Era (1975 – Present)

In 1974, Nintendo secured the rights to distribute the Magnavox Odyssey home video game system in Japan. The Magnavox Odyssey is the world's first Video game console. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. In 1977, Nintendo began to produce their own Color TV Game home video game systems. The Color TV Game series is a series of home Dedicated consoles released by Nintendo. Four of these systems were produced, each playing variations on a single game (for example, Color TV Game 6 featured 6 versions of Light Tennis). The Color TV Game series is a series of home Dedicated consoles released by Nintendo.

A student product developer, Shigeru Miyamoto, was hired to Nintendo at around this time. is a Japanese Video game designer. He is the creator of the Mario, Donkey Kong, The Legend of Zelda, He worked under Gunpei Yokoi and one of his first tasks was to design the casing for several of the Color TV Game systems. Gunpei Yokoi, also spelled ( September 10 1941 – October 4 1997) was a long-time Nintendo employee creator of the Game Shigeru Miyamoto went on to create some of Nintendo's most famous video games and become one of the most recognizable faces in the video game industry.

In 1978, Nintendo moved into the video arcade game industry with Computer Othello, and several more titles followed. An arcade game is a coin-operated entertainment machine typically installed in businesses such as Restaurants Pubs Video arcades and Family Entertainment is the first video Arcade game ever to be produced and published by Nintendo, although the previous year it did release a Dedicated console called Color Nintendo had some small success with this venture, but it wasn't until 1981 with the release of Donkey Kong, designed by Shigeru Miyamoto, that Nintendo's fortunes changes dramatically. is an Arcade game developed by Nintendo, and released in. It is an early example of the platform genre as the Gameplay focuses on maneuvering the main The massive success of the game and many licensing opportunities (ports were released on the Atari 2600, Intellivision, and ColecoVision) gave Nintendo a huge boost in profit. The Atari 2600 is a Video game console released in October 1977 The Intellivision is a Video game console released by Mattel in 1979. The ColecoVision is Coleco Industries ' second generation home Video game console and was released in August.

In 1980, Nintendo launched its handheld video game series, the Game & Watch, developed by Gunpei Yokoi. The (G&W series were Handheld electronic games made by Nintendo and created by its game designer Gunpei Yokoi from to. The pocket-sized games were a worldwide success.

In 1983, Nintendo launched the Family Computer home video game system in Japan alongside ports of its most popular arcade titles. The Nintendo Entertainment System (often abbreviated as NES or simply Nintendo) is an 8-bit Video game console that was released by In 1985 the system launched in North America as the Nintendo Entertainment System, and was accompanied by Super Mario Bros., which remains one of the biggest selling video games of all time. The Nintendo Entertainment System (often abbreviated as NES or simply Nintendo) is an 8-bit Video game console that was released by is a Platform game developed by Nintendo in late 1985 and published for the Nintendo Entertainment System, a sequel to the 1983 game Mario In 1989, Gunpei Yokoi developed the Game Boy handheld video game system. The is a handheld video game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. Nintendo is the longest-surviving video game console manufacturer to date, and has produced the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Nintendo 64, Nintendo Gamecube, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance, Pokémon Mini and Virtual Boy systems. The Super Nintendo Entertainment System or Super NES (also called SNES and Super Nintendo) is a 16-bit Video game console that was The, often abbreviated as N64, is Nintendo 's third home Video game console for the international market The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era. The is Nintendo 's successor to the Game Boy and was released on October 21, 1998 in Japan and in November 19, 1998 The Game Boy Advance (often shortened to GBA) is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed manufactured and marketed by Nintendo. The Pokémon Mini is a Handheld game console designed and manufactured by Nintendo and based on Satoshi Tajiri 's Pokémon Nintendo 's (also known as the VR-32 during development was the first portable game console capable of displaying "true 3D graphics"

Nintendo’s current video game systems are the Nintendo DS Lite and Wii.

Slogans

• Now you're playing with power! (1986–1992)*
• Have you had your fun today? (1991–1992)
• The best play here! (1992–1994)
• Play it loud! (1994–1996)
• Change the system. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) (1996-1997)
• Get N or get out! (in reference to the Nintendo 64) (1996–2000)
• Born to play (Nintendo GameCube) (2002)
• Who are you? (accompanied photos of civilians with Nintendo character faces pasted over) (2002–2005)
• Too much fun! (in reference to all Nintendo products) (2002–2004)
• Touching is good. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " (Nintendo DS) (2004–present) **
• Touch Me (Nintendo DS) (2005–2006)
• Wii would like to play. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " For current events see PortalCurrent events The term " present day " is used to describe the rough period of Time that Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. (Wii) (2006–present)

* Variations of this slogan were sometimes used. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For current events see PortalCurrent events The term " present day " is used to describe the rough period of Time that In Game Boy game commercials, it would read "Now you're playing with power. . . Portable power!" For Super NES, it would be "Now you're playing with power. . . Super power!"

** Since the release of the Nintendo DS Lite in North America, this slogan has not been used for DS games.

Gaming systems

Main article: Nintendo video game consoles

Offices and locations

Nintendo Company, Limited (NCL), the main branch of the company, is based in Minami-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan (34°58′11.89″N 135°45′22.33″E / 34.9699694, 135.7562028). is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kinki region of the island of Honshū For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Nintendo of America (NOA), its American division, is based in Redmond, Washington. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Redmond is a city in King County, Washington, According to the Washington State Office of Financial Management's April 1 2008 estimate the city has a population It has distribution centers in Atlanta, Georgia, and North Bend, Washington. North Bend is a city in King County, Washington, United States. Nintendo of Canada (NoC) is based in Richmond, British Columbia, with its own distribution centre in Toronto, Ontario. Richmond (ˈrɪtʃmənd}} is an incorporated city on the Pacific coast of the Canadian province of British Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Nintendo Australia, its Australian division, is based in Melbourne, Victoria, and Nintendo of Europe, the European division, is based in Großostheim, Germany. Nintendo Australia Pty Ltd established in 1994 located in Victoria is Australia's local head office sales and distribution centre for products created by Nintendo For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Großostheim, (spelled Grossostheim in English) is a municipality in the Aschaffenburg district of Bavaria, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. iQue, Ltd., a Chinese joint venture with its founder, Doctor Wei Yen, and Nintendo, manufactures and distributes official Nintendo consoles and games for the mainland Chinese market, under the iQue brand. iQue Limited ( is a Chinese Joint venture with its founder Wei Yen, and Nintendo. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES A joint venture (often abbreviated JV) is an entity formed between two or more parties to undertake economic activity together Dr Wei Yen is a software developer and entrepreneur Yen has been involved with several companies including most recently as chairman and founder of AiLive. Nintendo also established Nintendo of Korea (NoK) on July 7, 2006. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Nintendo policy

Emulation

Nintendo is known for a "no tolerance" stance against emulation of its video games and consoles. An emulator duplicates (provides an emulation of the functions of one System using a different system so that the second system behaves like (and appears to It claims that mask work copyright protects its games from the exceptions that United States copyright law otherwise provides for backup copies. A mask work is a two or three-dimensional layout or topography of an Integrated circuit (IC or "chip" i Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for In Information technology, backup refers to making copies of Data so that these additional copies may be used to restore the original after a Nintendo uses the claim that emulators running on personal computers have no use other than to play pirated video games, contested by some who say these emulators have been used to develop and test independently produced "homebrew" software on Nintendo's platforms, and that Nintendo's efforts fudge the truth about copyright laws, mainly that ROM image copiers are illegal (they actually are legal if used to dump unprotected ROM images on to a user's computer for personal use,) and that emulators are illegal (if they do not use copyrighted BIOS, or use other methods to run the game, they are legal). A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated The Copyright infringement of Software (also known as software piracy) refers to several practices which involve the unauthorized copying of computer Homebrew is a term frequently applied to Video games produced by consumers to target Proprietary hardware platforms not typically user-programmable or that use proprietary A ROM image, or simply ROM, is a computer file which contains a copy of the data from a Read-only memory chip often from a video game cartridge, a This stance is largely apocryphal, however; Nintendo remains the only modern console manufacturer which has not sued an emulator manufacturer (the most public example being Sony vs. the bleem company). bleem! was a commercial PlayStation Emulator released by the bleem Company in 1999 for

The revival of the NES and SNES through emulation has gradually settled down, and NES and SNES ROMs are actually getting easier to find. A common justification pirates try to make is that they believe the pirated games will never see the light of day again and because the titles are no longer on sale, no damage is done to the company. However, Nintendo's opposition remains, due largely to its tendency to re-release old games within new ones, as with Animal Crossing, Metroid Prime, and The Legend of Zelda Collector's Edition, as well as with the re-release of many older games for the Game Boy Advance Classic NES Series. Animal Crossing, known as in Japan, is a life simulation Video game developed by Nintendo EAD and published by Nintendo. Metroid Prime is a Video game developed by Retro Studios and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube, released in North America is a compilation of four Video games from Nintendo 's ''The Legend of Zelda'' series, a twenty-minute demo of The Legend of Zelda The Wind Waker The Game Boy Advance (often shortened to GBA) is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed manufactured and marketed by Nintendo. The Classic NES Series in North America ( Famicom Mini Series in Japan and NES Classics in Europe The enhanced remake idea sometimes, but not always, curbs the need for emulation of NES quality games on the Nintendo GameCube. A video game remake is an updated and re-released version of a previous Video game. The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era. Nintendo's Wii is backwards compatible, allowing users to play GameCube game discs on the console. The system also allows for the downloading of NES, SNES, N64, Sega Genesis, and Turbo Grafx-16 games onto the console over the Internet, with them being playable on the console which may actually be achieved through emulation. With this new feature, called the "Virtual Console", Nintendo may be able to reduce the illegal ROM downloading and open up a new revenue stream. Virtual Console, sometimes abbreviated as VC, is a specialized section of the Wii Shop Channel, an online service that allows players to purchase and download On June 1, 2007, Nintendo of America announced that more than 4. 7 million Virtual Console games had been downloaded, at a rate of more than 1,000 titles an hour.

Content guidelines

For many years, Nintendo had a policy of strict content guidelines for video games published on its systems. Though Nintendo Japan allowed graphic violence in their video games, nudity and sexuality were strictly prohibited. Graphic violence is the depiction of especially vivid brutal and realistic acts of violence in visual media such as Literature, Film, Television Nudity is the state of wearing no Clothing. The term' "nudity" can also occasionally be used to refer to wearing significantly less clothing than expected Generally speaking human sexuality is how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings This was because Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi believed that if the company allowed the licensing of pornographic games, the company's image would be forever tarnished. is a Japanese businessman He was the third president of Nintendo Co Pornography or porn is the explicit depiction of Sexual subject matter with the sole intention of sexually exciting the viewer ^[7] Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe went further in that games released for Nintendo systems could not feature nudity, sexuality, profanity (including sexism or slurs), blood, graphic or domestic violence, drugs, political messages, or religious symbols (with the exception of ancient religions such as the Greek gods). is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Kyoto Japan founded on is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Kyoto Japan founded on The original meaning of the adjective profane (from the Latin for "in front of or outside the Temple " was to refer to items not belonging to the church Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or spousal abuse) occurs when a family member partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate A drug, broadly speaking is any chemical substance that when absorbed into the body Religious symbolism is the use of Symbols including Archetypes, acts artwork events or natural phenomena, by a religion Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance ^[8] This was done because the Japanese parent company did not want to appear as a "Japanese Invasion" by enforcing Japanese community standards on North American and European children. This zero tolerance policy was praised and championed by U.S. Senator and one-time vice presidential candidate Joseph Lieberman, but others criticized the policy, claiming that gamers should be allowed to choose the content they want to see. Zero tolerance is the concept of compelling persons in positions of authority who might otherwise exercise their discretion in making subjective judgments regarding the severity of a given The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Joseph Isadore "Joe" Lieberman (born February 24 1942 is the junior United States Senator from Connecticut. Despite the strict guidelines, some exceptions have occurred: Bionic Commando, Smash TV and Golgo 13: Top Secret Episode contained blood and violence, the latter also contained implied sexuality and tobacco use; River City Ransom and Taboo: The Sixth Sense contained nudity, and the latter also contained religious images. Smash TV is a 1990 Arcade game created by Eugene Jarvis and Mark Turmell for Williams. is a Video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System, released in 1988. River City Ransom, released as in Japan and as Street Gangs in the PAL region, is a Video game for the Family Computer Taboo The Sixth Sense is a Video game developed by Rare and published by Tradewest for the Nintendo Entertainment System in

One known side effect of this policy was the Sega Genesis version of Mortal Kombat selling over double the number of the Nintendo's Super NES version, mainly because Nintendo had forced Acclaim to recolor the red blood to look like white sweat and replace some of the more gory attacks in its release of the game, unlike Sega, which allowed the selling points of blood and gore to remain in the Genesis version (though the Genesis version of the game required a code to unlock the gore). The is a 16-bit Video game console released by Sega in Japan in 1988 North America in 1989 and the PAL region in 1990 This article concerns the first entry of the fighting game series Acclaim Entertainment was an American Video game developer and publisher. Nintendo allowed the Super NES version Mortal Kombat II to ship uncensored the following year with a content warning on the packaging. ^[9]

In 1994, when the ESRB video game ratings system was introduced, Nintendo chose to abolish some of these policies in favor of consumers making their own choices about the content of the games they played. The Entertainment Software Rating Board ( ESRB) is a self-regulatory organization that applies and enforces ratings, Advertising guidelines and Today, changes to the content of games are done primarily by the game's developer or, occasionally, at the request of Nintendo. The only clear-set rule is that ESRB AO-rated games will not be licenced for play on Nintendo systems in North America. ^[10] Nintendo has since allowed several mature-content games to be published on its systems, including (but not limited to): Perfect Dark, Conker's Bad Fur Day, Doom and Doom 64, BMX XXX, certain games in the Resident Evil series, Killer 7, Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem, Geist, and Dementium: The Ward. Perfect Dark is a 2000 First-person shooter Video game for the Nintendo 64 Game console. Conker's Bad Fur Day is a Nintendo 64 Video game developed and published by Rare, and distributed by Nintendo. Doom (officially cased DOOM) is a 1993 Computer game by Id Software that is a landmark title in the First-person shooter Doom 64 is a Video game for the Nintendo 64 released by Midway Games in 1997. Relationship to Dave Mirra BMX XXX builds on the earlier work done by Z-Axis on Dave Mirra Resident Evil (known in Japan as) is a Survival horror Video game series and Media franchise consisting of Comic books novelizations killer7 is an action Video game jointly developed and published by Grasshopper Manufacture and Capcom for the Nintendo GameCube Eternal Darkness Sanity's Requiem is a Psychological horror Video game originally planned for the Nintendo 64 but later released exclusively Geist (early working title Fear, changed to avoid legal issues with F Dementium The Ward is a Nintendo DS Survival horror - First-person shooter video game developed by Renegade Kid and published Certain games have continued to be modified, however. For example, Konami was forced to remove all references to cigarettes in the 2000 Game Boy Color game Metal Gear Solid and maimings and blood were removed from the Nintendo 64 port of Cruis'n USA. () is a leading developer and publisher of numerous popular and strong-selling toys Trading cards, Anime, Tokusatsu, Slot machines The is Nintendo 's successor to the Game Boy and was released on October 21, 1998 in Japan and in November 19, 1998 Metal Gear Solid, released in Japan and Asia as Metal Gear Ghost Babel, is a 2000 stealth action game for the See also Software portability In Computer science, porting is the process of adapting software so that an executable program can be created Cruis'n USA is an arcade racing game released in 1994 It was developed by Midway Games and published and distributed by Nintendo. Another example is in the Game Boy Advance game Mega Man Zero 3, where one of the bosses, Hellbat Schilt in the Japanese and European releases, was renamed Devilbat Schilt in the U. Mega Man Zero 3, known in Japan as, is the third Video game in the Mega Man Zero series of Mega Man video games from S. localization.

Licensee guidelines

Nintendo also had guidelines for its licensees in order for them to create games for Nintendo systems, in addition to the above content guidelines:^[11]

• Licensees were not permitted to release the same game for a competing system until two years had passed.
• There was a minimum number of cartridges which had to be ordered by the licensee from Nintendo.
• Nintendo would decide how many cartridges would be supplied to the licensee.
• Nintendo would decide how much space would be dedicated for articles, advertising, etc. in Nintendo Power. Nintendo Power magazine is a monthly news and strategy magazine formerly published in-house by Nintendo.
• There was a set limit of five games that a licensee may produce for a Nintendo system. This rule was made due to caution of over saturation which caused the Video Game Crash of 1983. The North American video game crash of 1983 (sometimes known as the video game crash of 1984 because it was in that year that the full effects of the crash became apparent

Konami wished to produce more games for Nintendo systems yet the last rule restricted them. As a result, Konami formed Ultra Games in order to produce double the amount of games. Ultra Software Corporation was a spinoff company created in 1988 as a subsidiary of Konami of America, in an effort to get around Nintendo of America 's strict licensing ^[12] This was a disadvantage to smaller or beginning companies, as they could not form additional companies at will. Also, Square (now Square Enix) executives have suggested that the price of publishing games on the Nintendo 64 along with the degree of censorship and control Nintendo enforced over its games — most notably Final Fantasy VI — were factors in moving its games to Sony's PlayStation console. was a Japanese Video game company founded in September 1983 by Masafumi Miyamoto. The, often abbreviated as N64, is Nintendo 's third home Video game console for the international market also known as Final Fantasy III for English audiences when it was first released is a Console role-playing game developed and published by Square (now ( SCEI) is a Japanese Video game company specializing in a variety of areas in the video game industry mostly in Video game consoles and is a full The PlayStation (abbreviated PS, PSone, PS1, or informally as PSX) is a 32-bit fifth generation Video game console

Public relations

For years and to today, Nintendo has been regarded as a secretive company by the press. Rarely does Nintendo confirm or deny rumors.

In this vein, Nintendo is famous for unveiling products at the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E³) in Los Angeles every year. The E3 Media and Business Summit, formerly known as Electronic Entertainment Expo and commonly known as E3, is an annual Trade show for the computer Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The Nintendo DS and Wii, as well as a number of software titles, were unveiled at the expo. The is a dual-screen Handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. The Wii controller, which had been shrouded in secrecy, was revealed on September 16, 2005 at the Tokyo Game Show (TGS). Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The is a Video game Expo / convention held in the Makuhari Messe, in Chiba, Japan.

Nintendo of America uses an outside firm, Golin Harris, to handle much of its public relations. GolinHarris is a leading global Public relations firm owned by Interpublic Group of Companies. Beth Llewelyn is the in-house senior director of public relations at Nintendo of America. Tom Harlin is Nintendo of America's manager of public relations. Nintendo of Europe also uses an outside firm, Cake Media, to handle much of its public relations.

Nintendo of Europe's Managing Diector of Marketing recently courted controversy when, quizzed about the lack of a Wii hard-drive and limited memory onboard in one of the UK's leading gaming magazines 'Edge' (issue 190), he replied that only "geeks and otaku" would be people who would need one.

See also

• Divisions of Nintendo
• History of Nintendo
• List of Nintendo developers
• Franchises established on Nintendo systems
• History of computer and video games
• Nintendo Seal of Quality
• Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.
• List of video games published by Nintendo
• List of Nintendo characters
• Multinational corporation
• Player's Choice
• Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.
• Video games censored by Nintendo of America

References

External links

• Nintendo official website
• The Official Nintendo Magazine (UK)
• Nintendo Power
• Detailed Nintendo history
• Nintendo Of Europe Version 2 (Replacement to the shut-down community forums for Nintendo UK)
• English business site (developers only)

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