| Ningxia Hui Autonomous region | |||||||||
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| Abbreviations: 宁 (pinyin: Níng) | |||||||||
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| Origin of name | 宁 níng - tranquil 夏 xià - Western Xia "Tranquil Xia" |
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| Administration type | Autonomous region | ||||||||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Yinchuan | ||||||||
| Official languages | Mandarin |
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| Designated Minority | Hui | ||||||||
| CPC Ctte Secretary | Chen Jianguo | ||||||||
| Chairman | Wang Zhengwei | ||||||||
| Area | 66,000 km² (25,000 sq mi) (27th) | ||||||||
| Population (2004) - Density |
5,880,000 (29th) 89. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Xi Xia redirects here For a Chinese general whose name may be transliterated as Xi Xia see Xi Qia The Western Xia Dynasty ( or An autonomous region ( is a first-level administrative subdivision of China. Yinchuan ( is the Capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China, and former capital of the Western Xia Empire of the Standard Mandarin, also known as Standard Spoken Chinese, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the A committee (some of which are titled instead as a "Commission" or other terms discussed below in) is a type of small Deliberative assembly that is usually intended Chen Jianguo ( Chinese 陈建国 July 1945 -) is the current secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC Ningxia committee and the chairman of Wang Zhengwei ( Chinese 王正伟 June 1957 -) is the current vice secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region committee Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions special administrative In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions municipalities 1 /km² (231 /sq mi) (25th) |
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| GDP (2006) - per capita |
CNY 70. This articles lists of the first-level administrative divisions of People's Republic of China (P Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 7 billion (29th) CNY 11,784 (21st) |
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| HDI (2005) | 0. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of Mainland China (including all provinces autonomous regions and municipalities in order of their total Gross This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions and municipalities in order of The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 712 (medium) (26th) | ||||||||
| Nationalities percentage | Han - 62% Hui - 34% Manchu - 0. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in 4% |
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| Prefecture-level | 5 divisions | ||||||||
| County-level | 21 divisions | ||||||||
| Township-level† | 219 divisions | ||||||||
| ISO 3166-2 | CN-64 | ||||||||
| Official website http://www.nx.gov.cn/ |
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| Source for population and GDP data:
《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005
Source for nationalities data:
ISBN 7503747382 《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China
† As at December 31, 2004ISBN 7105054255 |
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Ningxia (simplified Chinese: 宁夏; traditional Chinese: 寧夏; pinyin: Níngxià; Wade-Giles: Ning-hsia; Postal map spelling: Ningsia), full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (simplified Chinese: 宁夏回族自治区; traditional Chinese: 寧夏回族自治區; pinyin: Níngxià Huízú Zìzhìqū), is a Hui autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located on the northwest Loess highland, the Yellow River flows through a vast area of its land. Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin Chinese Postal Map Romanization ( Traditional Chinese: 郵政式拼音 Simplified Chinese: 邮政式拼音 Pinyin: Yóuzhèngshì Pīnyīn refers to the Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. An autonomous region ( is a first-level administrative subdivision of China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Northwestern China (西北 Xīběi includes the autonomous regions of Xinjiang and Ningxia and the provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu The Loess Plateau ( also known as the Huangtu Plateau is a Plateau that covers an area of some 640000 km² in the upper and middle of China 's The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the The capital of the region is Yinchuan. Yinchuan ( is the Capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China, and former capital of the Western Xia Empire of the
Contents |
History
Ningxia and its surrounding areas were incorporated into the Qin Dynasty as early as the third century BC. Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC Throughout the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty there were further settlements, and by the eleventh century the Tangut tribe had established the Western Xia Dynasty on the outskirts of the then Song Dynasty. The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by The Tangut ( identified with the state of Western Xia, were a Qiangic - Tibetan people who moved to northwestern China sometime before Xi Xia redirects here For a Chinese general whose name may be transliterated as Xi Xia see Xi Qia The Western Xia Dynasty ( or The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
It then came under Mongol domination after Genghis Khan conquered Yinchuan in the early thirteenth century. Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder Yinchuan ( is the Capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China, and former capital of the Western Xia Empire of the After the Mongols departed and its influences faded, Turkic-speaking Muslims slowly began moving into Ningxia from the west. This created unavoidable tensions between the Han and the Hui ethnic groups in the following centuries. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam.
In 1914, Ningxia was merged with the province of Gansu; in 1928, however, it was detached and became a province. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Between 1914 and 1928, the Xibei San Ma brothers (literally "three Mas of the northwest") ruled the provinces of Qinghai, Ningxia and Gansu. The Ma clique ( was a family of Warlords who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910's until 1949 In 1958, Ningxia formally became an autonomous region of China. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous''' In 1969, Ningxia's border was extended to the north and acquired parts of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, but was reverted again in 1979. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar)
Geography
Ningxia borders the provinces of Shaanxi and Gansu, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. ( Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the People's Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol
Rivers that flow through Ningxia include the Yellow River. The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the
Ningxia is a relatively dry, desert-like region. There is significant irrigation in order to support the growing of wolfberries (a commonly consumed fruit throughout the region). Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology.
Ningxia's deserts include the Tengger desert in Shapotou. Tengger DesertJPG|thumb|]]The Tengger Desert (Tenggeli Shamo 腾格里沙漠 covers about 36700 km2 and is mostly in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Shapotou District ( Chinese: 沙坡头区 Pinyin: Shāpōtóu Qū is a district of Zhongwei, Ningxia Province China
On 16 December 1920 the Haiyuan earthquake, 8. 1920 Haiyuan earthquake ( was an earthquake that occurred on December 16, 1920. 6 magnitude, at , initiated a series of landslides that killed an estimated 200,000 people. Over 600 large loess landslides created more than 40 new lakes. Loess is a homogeneous typically non stratified porous Friable,slightly coherent often calcareous fine-grained Silty pale yellow or buff windblown ( aeolian [1][2]
In 2006, satellite images indicated that a 700 by 200-meter fenced area within Ningxia – 35 km southwest of Yinchuan, near the remote village of Huangyangtan – is a near-exact scaled-down reproduction of a 450 by 350-kilometer area of Aksai Chin bordering India, complete with mountains, valleys, lakes and hills. Yinchuan ( is the Capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China, and former capital of the Western Xia Empire of the Aksai Chin ( Simplified Chinese: 阿克赛钦 Traditional chinese: 阿克賽欽 Hanyu pinyin: Ākèsàiqīn Hindi: अकसाई India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Its purpose is as yet unknown. [3][4]
| History of Islam in China |
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History |
| Architecture |
| Major figures |
| People Groups |
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Hui • Salar • Uygur |
| Islamic Cities/Regions |
| Culture |
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Islamic Association of China |
Climate
The region is 1,200 km from the sea and has a continental climate with average summer temperatures rising to between 17 and 24°C in July and average winter temperatures dropping to between -7 and -10°C in January. Islam in China has a rich heritage China has some of the oldest Muslim history dating back to as early as 650 when the uncle of The History of Islam in China begins just a few decades after the rise of Islam. The History of Islam in China goes back to the earliest years of Islam. The change in dynasty in China from the Tang to the dynasties that included the Song Dynasty did not greatly interrupt the trends of Muslims established during the The establishment of the Yuan Dynasty in China had dramatically benefited Islam in China in contrast to previous dynasties As the Yuan Dynasty ended many Mongols as well as the Muslims who came with them remained in China. The rise of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 made relations between the Muslims and Chinese more difficult After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, which was hostile to Muslims, there appeared to be a reason for hope as Sun Yat Sen, who led the new republic immediately proclaimed This is a list of Mosques in China. Note: When adding new mosques please update the template TemplateMosques in China. The Niujie Mosque ( is the oldest Mosque in Beijing, China. It was first built in 996 and was reconstructed as well as enlarged under the Qing Emperor Biography Hajj Ma performed the Hajj in 1841 leaving China by a circuitous route as ocean travel out of China had been disrupted by the Opium War Zheng He ( Birth name 馬三寶 / 马三宝; Arabic / Persian name حجّي محمود شمس Hajji Mahmud Shams) (1371&ndash1433 was a Hui Biography In his childhood he received instruction from his father Liu Sanjie (劉三杰 Hajji Noor Deen Mi Guangjiang (米廣江 born 1963 is an expert in Islamic calligraphy, specializing in the Sini style which originated from The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. The Salar people ( Salar: Salar Chinese: 撒拉族 Pinyin: Sālāzú) are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the The Uyghur (also spelled Uygur, Uighur, Uigur, Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; Kazakh: Қазақтар qɑzɑqtɑr Russian: Казахи the English name is transliterated The Kyrgyz (also spelled Kirgiz, Kirghiz) are a Turkic Ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan. The Chinese Tatars (塔塔尔族 Tǎtǎěrzú) form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. The Bonan (also Bao'an) people (保安族 Pinyin: bǎoān zú native) are an Ethnic group living in Gansu and Qinghai The Uzbeks (Self designation sg O‘zbek, pl O‘zbeklar) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. The Tibetan Muslims, also known as the Kachee ( Kache) form a small minority in Tibet. The Dongxiang people (autonym Sarta or Santa (撒尔塔) are one of 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of Tajiks in China ( Chinese: 塔吉克族 Pinyin: Tǎjíkèzú are one of the 56 nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of The Utsuls are a tiny ethnic group which lives on the Chinese island of Hainan and are considered one of the People's Republic of China's undistinguished ethnic Xinjiang ( Uyghur: شىنجاڭ Shinjang;; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang; Turkish: Sincan, Sincan Uygur Özerk Kashgar or Kashi (officially transliterated as Kaxgar in Uyghur; قەشقەر/K̡ǝxk̡ǝr, is an Oasis The Islamic Association of China (中国伊斯兰教协会 Pinyin: Zhōngguó Yīsīlánjiào xiéhuì claims to represent Chinese Muslims nationwide Chinese Islamic cuisine (清真菜 or 回族菜 is the cuisine of the Hui (ethnic Chinese Muslims and other Muslims living in China. Sini is a Chinese Islamic calligraphic form for the Arabic script. Muslim Chinese martial arts have a long history in China, and many Muslims have participated at the highest level of Chinese martial arts. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Seasonal extreme temperatures can reach 39°C in summer and -30°C in winter. The diurnal temperature variation in summer is 17°C. A day (symbol d is a unit of Time equivalent to 24 Hours and the duration of a single Rotation of planet Earth with respect to the Annual rainfall averages from 190 to 700 millimeters, with more rain falling in the south of the region. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to
Administrative divisions
Ningxia is divided into five prefecture-level cities:
- Guyuan (固原 | Gùyuán Shì)
- Shizuishan (石嘴山 | Shízuishan Shì)
- Wuzhong (吴忠 | Wúzhong Shì)
- Yinchuan (银川 | Yínchuān Shì) (capital city)
- Zhongwei (中卫 | Zhōngwèi Shì)
Demographics
Ningxia is the home of the Hui, one of the officially recognized Chinese minority groups. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, an Autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, is made up of the following three levels of administrative division A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and Guyuan (固原 | Gùyuán Shì) is a " Prefecture-level city " (a multi-county administartive unit of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in Shizuishan (石嘴山 | Shízuishan Shì) is a Prefecture-level city and is the second biggest city in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in Western Wuzhong (吴忠 | Wúzhong Shì) is a Prefecture-level city in the Ningxia autonomous region of the People's Republic of China Yinchuan ( is the Capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China, and former capital of the Western Xia Empire of the Zhongwei ( Chinese: 中衛 Pinyin: Zhōngwèi is a Prefecture-level city of Ningxia, People's Republic of China. The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal While some Hui are ethnically indistinguishable from the Han (the major Chinese ethnic group), many Hui retain Central Asian and Middle Eastern genetic features, most notably Arabs and Persians, such as dark skin and lighter-colored eyes in addition to their Islamic clothing. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox As a stop along the legendary Silk Road, the Hui were influenced by the Islamic traders and became Muslims. The Silk Road, or Silk Routes, are an extensive interconnected network of Trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East South and Western Asia with the
Politics
The politics of Ningxia is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The Politics of Ningxia in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland China Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction
The Chairman of the Autonomous Region is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Ningxia. However, in the Autonomous Region's dual party-government governing system, the Chairman has less power than the Communist Party of China Ningxia Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Ningxia CPC Party Chief". The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the In the Politics of the People's Republic of China, a party chief (Chinese 党委书记 variously called a party boss, and officially termed the Communist Party
Economy
Ningxia is the province with the third smallest GDP (Tibet being the last) in the PRC. The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR also called Xizang Autonomous Region (བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས་ Wylie: Bod-rang-skyong-ljongs Its nominal GDP in 2006 was just 70. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 7 billion yuan (US$9. 2 billion) and a per capita GDP of 11,784 yuan (US$1,517). It contributes 0. 3% of the national economy.
Ningxia is the principal region of China where wolfberries are grown.
Tourism
One of Ningxia's main tourist spots is the famous Xixia Tombs site located 30 km west of Yinchuan. Yinchuan ( is the Capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China, and former capital of the Western Xia Empire of the The remnants of nine Western Xia emperors' tombs and two hundred other tombs lie within a 50-km² area. Xi Xia redirects here For a Chinese general whose name may be transliterated as Xi Xia see Xi Qia The Western Xia Dynasty ( or Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of Other famous sites in Ningxia include Helan Shan, the mysterious 108 dagobas, the twin pagodas of Baisikou and the desert research outpost at Shapatou. The Helan Shan ( Alaša aɣula frequently called Alashan Mountains in older sources is a mountain range forming the border of Inner Mongolia 's Alxa League and A stupa (from Sanskrit and Pāli: m स्तूप stūpa, literally meaning "heap" is a mound-like structure containing Buddhist The Chinese Pagoda is a Landmark in Birmingham, England. It is a stone carving of a Chinese pagoda, carved in Fujian, China Shapotou District ( Chinese: 沙坡头区 Pinyin: Shāpōtóu Qū is a district of Zhongwei, Ningxia Province China
Notes
- ^ Close, U. , and McCormick (1922) "Where the mountains walked" National Geographic Magazine 41(5): pp. 445-464
- ^ Feng, X. and Guo, A. (1985) "Earthquake landslides in China" In Proceedings, IVth International Conference and Field Workshop on Landslides pp. 339-346, Japan Landslide Society, Tokyo, OCLC 70324350
- ^ Haines, Lester (19 July 2006 ) "Chinese black helicopters circle Google Earth" The Register
- ^ Cassidy, Katherine (13 September 2006) "Armchair Sleuths Uncover Strange Military Sites in China" McClatchy Newspapers / Real Cities Network
Images
 Xixia Tombs |
 From a cable car running to the top of Helan Shan |
 Aerial view of Yinchuan |
 People's Square in Yinchuan |
 Fountain in Yinchuan |
 The 108 dagobas near Qingtongxia |
 Wolfberry harvest celebration |