The Nine rank system (traditional Chinese: 九品中正制 or 九品官人法, pinyin: jiǔ pǐn zhōng zhèng zhī or jiǔ pǐn guǎn rén fǎ), or much less commonly Nine grade controller system, was a civil service nomination system during the Three Kingdoms and the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis The Three Kingdoms period ( is a period in the History of China, part of an era of disunity called the Six Dynasties following immediately the loss of This article is about the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Chen Qun, a court official of the Kingdom of Wei standardized its details. Chen Qun (? - 236 was a minister serving Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Cao Wei ( was one of the empires that competed for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period
Theoretically, local government authorities were given the task of selecting talented candidates, then categorizing them into nine grades depending on their abilities. In practice, however, only the rich and powerful would be selected.
The Nine Rank System was eventually superseded by the Imperial examination system for the civil service in the Sui Dynasty. The Imperial examinations ( in Imperial China determined who among the population would be permitted to enter the state's Bureaucracy. The Sui Dynasty ( 581 - 618 AD and in the undertaking of other construction projects including the reconstruction of the Great Wall.
Ranking of Officials
During the Tang Dynasty, the Nine-rank system developed into a method of classification for civil officials and military officers serving the court, from local levels to national levels. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Those directly under the Emperor heading the top departments were considered First Pin (Grade), and those who are county judicial officers, for example, were generally Ninth Pin. Some of the nine grades were further divided into zheng(正; regular), cong (從; deputy), shang (上; upper) and xia (下; lower) grades. Therefore in theory, the whole classification system actually holds more than eighteen ranks. In reality the subdivisions were customized in specific central and local departments; for instance, one department consisted of twelve ranks whereas another composed of sixteen.
The current Chinese Cadre ranking system is loosely based on this historical system.
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