Nike, Inc.
Type	Public (NYSE: NKE)
Founded	1972[1]
Headquarters	near Beaverton, Oregon, United States
Key people	Bill Bowerman, Co-Founder (deceased December 24, 1999) Philip Knight, Co-Founder and Chairman Mark Parker, CEO and president
Industry	Sportswear and Sports Equipment
Products	Athletic shoes, apparel, sports equipment, accessories
Revenue	▲US$17. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the William J "Bill" Bowerman ( February 19, 1911 – December 24, 1999) was an American Track and field coach Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Philip H Knight (born February 24, 1938) is an American Billionaire, and the co-founder and Chairman of Nike Inc Mark Parker is Nike Inc 's third CEO, after William Perez resigned in January 2006 citing differences with his predecessor as CEO Phil Knight For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Sportswear (or Active attire) is Clothing, including Footwear, worn for Sport or exercise Sports equipment is a general term for any object used for Sport or Exercise. In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need An athletic shoe is a Generic name for footwear designed for Sporting and physical activities, and is different in style and build than a Dress shoe Clothing (also called clothes, accoutrements, accouterments, or habiliments) protects the Human body from extreme Weather Sports equipment is a general term for any object used for Sport or Exercise. Fashion accessories are decorative items that supplement one's garment, such as Jewelry, Gloves, Handbags, Hats belts, In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 92 Billion (FY 2008)
Net income	▲ US$1. A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is a period used for calculating annual ("yearly" Financial statements in Businesses Net income is equal to the Income that a firm has after subtracting costs and Expenses from the total Revenue. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 492 Billion
Employees	30,200
Website	www.nike.com

Nike, Inc. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages (Pronounced Ny-key)(IPA: /naɪki/) (NYSE: NKE) is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The company is headquartered in the Portland metropolitan area of Oregon, near Beaverton. For the metropolitan area in Maine see Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is the world's leading supplier of athletic shoes, apparel and sports equipment with revenue in excess of $16 billion USD in 2007. An athletic shoe is a Generic name for footwear designed for Sporting and physical activities, and is different in style and build than a Dress shoe Clothing (also called clothes, accoutrements, accouterments, or habiliments) protects the Human body from extreme Weather Sports equipment is a general term for any object used for Sport or Exercise. As of 2008, it employed over 30,000 people world-wide. Nike and Precision Castparts are the only Fortune 500 companies headquartered in the state of Oregon. Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content

The company was founded in 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight, and officially became Nike, Inc. William J "Bill" Bowerman ( February 19, 1911 – December 24, 1999) was an American Track and field coach Philip H Knight (born February 24, 1938) is an American Billionaire, and the co-founder and Chairman of Nike Inc in 1978. The company takes its name from Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. In Greek mythology, Nike ( Greek Νίκη níːkɛː meaning Victory) was a Goddess who personified Triumph Nike markets its products under its own brand as well as Nike Golf, Nike Pro, Nike+, Air Jordan, Nike Skateboarding, Team Starter, and subsidiaries including Cole Haan, Hurley International, Umbro and Converse. "Air Jordan" also refers to a nickname for Michael Jordan Air Jordan, known colloquially as Air Jordans, Jordans, Nike Skateboarding is the Nike brand for its line of shoes clothing and equipment for the Skateboarding market Cole Haan is a fashion label that started in Chicago in 1928 The name comes from founders Trafton Cole and Eddie Haan Hurley International is a clothing company located in Costa Mesa California founded by Bob Hurley Umbro ( is a British sportswear and equipment supplier based in Cheadle, Greater Manchester, England. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey (later renamed Nike Bauer) between 1995 and 2008. Bauer Hockey is one of the leading manufacturers of hockey equipment, fitness and recreational skates ^[2] In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of "Just do it" and the Swoosh logo. Swoosh is the symbol of the athletic shoe and clothing manufacturer Nike.

Contents 1 Origins and history 1.1 Acquisitions 2 Products 3 Headquarters 4 Manufacturing 4.1 Human rights concerns 5 Environmental Record 6 Marketing strategy 6.1 Advertising 6.1.1 Kasky v. Nike 6.1.2 Beatles song 6.1.3 Minor Threat ad 6.1.4 Chinese-themed ad 6.2 Place 6.3 Sponsorship 7 References 8 External links

Origins and history

Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports, was founded by University of Oregon track athlete Phil Knight and his coach Bill Bowerman in January 1964. The University of Oregon (UO is a public, Coeducational Research university in Eugene Oregon, United States. Philip H Knight (born February 24, 1938) is an American Billionaire, and the co-founder and Chairman of Nike Inc William J "Bill" Bowerman ( February 19, 1911 – December 24, 1999) was an American Track and field coach The company initially operated as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka Tiger, making most sales at track meets out of Knight's car. ( is an athletic equipment company that started in 1949 when Kihachiro Onitsuka began manufacturing sports shoes at his home in Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan

The company's profits grew quickly, and in 1966, BRS opened its first retail store, located on Pico Blvd. in Santa Monica, Calif. By 1971, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger was nearing an end. BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear, which would bear the newly designed Swoosh. Swoosh is the symbol of the athletic shoe and clothing manufacturer Nike. ^[3]

The first shoe to carry this design that was sold to the public was a soccer cleat named "Nike", which was released in the summer of 1971. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered In February 1972, BRS introduced its first line of Nike shoes, with the name Nike derived from the Greek goddess of victory. In Greek mythology, Nike ( Greek Νίκη níːkɛː meaning Victory) was a Goddess who personified Triumph In 1978, BRS, Inc. officially renamed itself to Nike, Inc. Beginning with Ilie Nastase, the first professional athlete to sign with BRS/Nike, the sponsorship of athletes became a key marketing tool for the rapidly growing company. Ilie Năstase (born July 19, 1946, in Bucharest, Romania) is a former Romanian professional tennis player and one of the top players

The company's first self-designed product was based on Bowerman's "waffle" design in which the sole of the shoe was inspired by the pattern of a waffle iron.

By 1980, Nike had reached a 50% market share in the United States athletic shoe market, and the company went public in December of that year. Its growth was due largely to 'word-of-foot' advertising (to quote a Nike print ad from the late 1970s), rather than television ads. Nike's first national television commercials ran in October of 1982 during the broadcast of the New York Marathon. The New York City Marathon ( ING New York City Marathon for Sponsorship reasons is a major annual marathon (42 The ads were created by Portland-based advertising agency Wieden+Kennedy, which had formed several months earlier in April 1982. Wieden+Kennedy (W+K earlier spelled Wieden & Kennedy) is an independently owned American Advertising agency best known for its work for Nike

Together, Nike and Wieden+Kennedy have created many indelible print and television ads and the agency continues to be Nike's primary today. It was agency co-founder Dan Wieden who coined the now-famous slogan "Just Do It" for a 1988 Nike ad campaign, which was chosen by Advertising Age as one of the top five ad slogans of the 20th Century, and the campaign has been enshrined in the Smithsonian Institution. Dan Wieden (born 1945 is an American Advertising executive who co-founded Wieden+Kennedy.

Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its product line to include many other sports and regions throughout the world. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. ^[4]

Acquisitions

In July 2003, Nike paid $305 million to acquire Converse Inc. , makers of the iconic Chuck Taylor All Stars. ^[5]

In an effort to target the low-end athletic goods market, Nike purchased the parent company of Starter athletic clothing brand in August 2004 for $43 million. ^[6]

On 23 October 2007, it was announced that the sports apparel supplier Umbro, known as the manufacturers of the England national football team's kits, had agreed to be bought by Nike in a deal said to be worth £285 million (~$600m). Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Clothing (also called clothes, accoutrements, accouterments, or habiliments) protects the Human body from extreme Weather Umbro ( is a British sportswear and equipment supplier based in Cheadle, Greater Manchester, England. The English national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency The word million In standard English, the -lli- in million is pronounced with an l-sound followed by a The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been

Products

Nike produces a wide range of sports equipment. An athletic shoe is a Generic name for footwear designed for Sporting and physical activities, and is different in style and build than a Dress shoe Their first products were track running shoes. They currently also make shoes, jerseys, shorts, baselayers etc. for a wide range of sports including track & field, American football, baseball, tennis, Association football, lacrosse, basketball and cricket. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Lacrosse is a full contact Team sport played using a solid rubber ball and long handled racket called a crosse or Lacrosse stick. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries The most recent additions to their line are the Nike 6. 0 and Nike SB shoes, designed for skateboarding. Nike Skateboarding is the Nike brand for its line of shoes clothing and equipment for the Skateboarding market Skateboarding is the act of riding and performing tricks using a Skateboard. Nike has recently introduced cricket shoes, called Air Zoom Yorker, designed to be 30% lighter than their competitors'. ^[7] In 2008, Nike introduced the Air Jordan XX3, a high performance basketball shoe designed with the environment in mind.

Nike positions its products in such a way as to try to appeal to a "youthful. . . . materialistic crowd". ^[8] It is positioned as a premium performance brand. However, it also engineers shoes for discount stores like Wal-Mart under the Starter brand. Wal-Mart Stores Inc (or Walmart as written in its new logo is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores ^[9]

Nike sells an assortment of products, including shoes and apparel for sports activities like association football, basketball, running, combat sports, tennis, American football, athletics, golfand cross training for men, women, and children. Clothing (also called clothes, accoutrements, accouterments, or habiliments) protects the Human body from extreme Weather Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Running is a means for an animal to move on Foot. It is defined in Sporting terms as a Gait in which at some point all feet are off the ground A combat sport (also known as a combative sport) is a competitive Contact sport where two combatants fight against each other using certain rules of engagement typically Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Cross-training (Also known as conditioning) refers to training in different ways to improve overall performance Nike also sells shoes for outdoor activities such as tennis, golf, skateboarding, association football, baseball, American football, cycling, volleyball, wrestling, cheerleading, aquatic activities, auto racing and other athletic and recreational uses. Skateboarding is the act of riding and performing tricks using a Skateboard. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Cycling is the use of Bicycles or - less commonly - Unicycles Tricycles Quadricycles and other similar wheeled Human powered vehicles Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet Wrestling is the act of physical engagement between two people in which each wrestler strives to get an advantage over or control of the opponent Cheerleading is a Sport that uses organized routines made from elements of Tumbling, Dance, jumps and stunting to direct spectators of events Nike is well known and popular in Youth culture, Chav Culture and Hip hop culture as they supply urban fashion clothing. A youth subculture is a Youth -based Subculture with distinct styles behaviours and interests Chav (ʧæv or Charv/Charva (ʧɑːv Hip hop is a Subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa Hip-hop fashion is a distinctive style of dress originating with African-American youth in The Bronx ( New York City) and later influenced by Nike recently teamed up with Apple Inc. to produce the Nike+ product which monitors a runner's performance via a radio device in the shoe which links to the iPod nano. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics The Nike+iPod Sports Kit is a device which measures and records the distance and pace of a walk or run The iPod Nano (marketed lowercase as iPod nano) is a Portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. While the product generates useful statistics, it has been criticized by researchers who were able to identify users' RFID devices from 60 feet away using small, concealable intelligence motes in a wireless sensor network. Radio-frequency identification ( RFID) is an automatic identification method relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or Crossbow Technology Inc (also referred to as XBow is a California-based company with two distinct product lines ^[10][11]

In the video game Gran Turismo 4 there is a car by Nike called the NikeOne 2022, designed by Phil Frank. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. Gran Turismo 4 (also known as GT4) is a racing Video game for Sony PlayStation 2 which is published by

Headquarters

Nike's world headquarters are surrounded by the city of Beaverton, Oregon but are technically within unincorporated Washington County. Washington County is one of 36 counties in the US state of Oregon.

From Nike's perspective, the company, one of only two Fortune 500 employers still headquartered in the state of Oregon (Precision Castparts is the other), has such a large payroll in the area that it should not be forced to be annexed into Beaverton without its consent. Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content Annexation ( Latin ad, to and nexus, joining is the legal incorporation of some territory into another geo-political entity (either adjacent or non-contiguous Nike prefers to work with county government as it develops and expands its headquarters. Annexation would cost the company $700,000 per year in increased taxes for services it already receives from the county and various special-purpose districts. There are two types of special-purpose districts in the United States school districts and special districts Intel, another large employer in the state, routinely receives special tax breaks on various capital investments it makes in the county.

From Beaverton's perspective, the company's expectation for special treatment is counter to the city's desire to have zoning and other laws apply equally to all businesses, big and small. A nearby Costco store, one of that company's earliest, was annexed into Beaverton years ago without incident, and Beaverton's focus on additional annexation during the 21st century reflects a desire to streamline both city and county government by having metropolitan-area services handled by cities instead of counties. Costco Wholesale Corporation ( is the largest membership Warehouse club chain in the world based on sales volume headquartered in Issaquah Washington,

The Oregonian dates the bad blood between the two back to the Nike purchase of 74 acres (0. 3 km²) of nearby Beaverton land which soon fronted the MAX Blue Line. The MAX Blue Line is a 33 mile (53 km Light rail route in the MAX Light Rail system in the Portland metropolitan area in the U When Nike proposed expanding their headquarters in that direction, Beaverton at first wanted them to build housing near the MAX station and criss-cross the property with two public roads, expectations defined by the zoning already in place when Nike bought the land. Beaverton's request was mostly consistent with Metro's transit-oriented development plans for the region. Metro, formerly known as Metropolitan Service District, is the regional governmental agency for the Oregon portion of the Portland metropolitan area. After a year, which included a threat by Nike to move 5,000 jobs out of the state, Beaverton backed down from the requirement for housing, but the lack of accommodation was something that Nike did not forget.

The annexation standoff soon led Beaverton to attempt a forcible annexation. That led to a lawsuit by Nike, and lobbying by the company that ultimately ended in Oregon Senate Bill 887 of 2005. Lobbying includes all attempts to influence Legislators and officials whether by other legislators constituents or organized groups Under that bill's terms, Beaverton is specifically barred from forcibly annexing the land that Nike and Columbia Sportswear occupy in unincorporated Washington County for 35 years, while Electro Scientific Industries and Tektronix get that same protection for 30 years. Columbia Sportswear Company is a United States company that manufactures and distributes outerwear and Sportswear. Tektronix Inc is a North American company best known for its test and measurement equipment such as Oscilloscopes Logic analyzers, and video and mobile

Manufacturing

Nike has more than 700 shops around the world and offices located in 45 countries outside the United States. ^[12] Most of the factories are located in Asia, including Indonesia, China, Taiwan, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan, Philippines,and Malaysia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and ^[13] Nike is hesitant to disclose information about the contract companies it works with. However, due to harsh criticism from some organizations like Barbie.com, Nike declared that beginning in 2009 they will begin to provide minimum wages to their workers and full health insurance for every employee that is employed under the Nike Company. Barbie is a best-selling fashion Doll launched in 1959 The doll is produced by Mattel Inc

Human rights concerns

Nike has been criticized for contracting with factories in countries such as China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Mexico. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Vietnam Labour Watch, an activist group, has documented that factories contracted by Nike have violated minimum wage and overtime laws in Vietnam as late as 1996, although Nike claims that this practice has been halted. ^[14] The company has been subject to much critical coverage of the often poor working conditions and exploitation of cheap overseas labor employed in the free trade zones where their goods are typically manufactured. The term " exploitation " may carry two distinct meanings The act of utilizing something for any purpose A free trade zone ( FTZ) or export processing zone ( EPZ) is one or more special areas of a country where some normal Trade barriers such as Sources of this criticism include Naomi Klein's book No Logo and Michael Moore's documentaries. Naomi Klein (b 8 May 1970, Montreal Quebec) is a Canadian Journalist, Author and activist well known for her No Logo Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies is a book by Canadian journalist Naomi Klein. Michael Francis Moore (born April 23 1954 is an Academy Award -winning American filmmaker author and liberal Political commentator.

Nike was and will be criticized about ads which referred to empowering women in the U. Empowerment refers to increasing the spiritual, political, Social or economic strength of individuals and communities S. while engaging in practices in East Asian factories which some felt disempowered women. ^[15]

During the 1990s, Nike faced criticism for use of child labour in Cambodia and Pakistan in factories it contracted to manufacture soccer balls. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Although Nike took action to curb or at least reduce the practice of child labour, they continue to contract their production to companies that operate in areas where inadequate regulation and monitoring make it hard to ensure that child labour is not being used. ^[16]

These campaigns have been taken up by many college and universities, especially anti-globalisation groups as well as several anti-sweatshop groups such as the United Students Against Sweatshops. " Anti-globalization " is a term that encompasses a number of related ideas United Students Against Sweatshops (USAS is a student organization with chapters at over 200 colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. ^[17] Despite these campaigns, however, Nike's annual revenues have increased from $6. 4 billion in 1996 to nearly $17 billion in 2007, according to the company's annual reports.

Environmental Record

The consistently growing textile industry often brings negative contributions to the environment. The Textile industry (also known in the United Kingdom and Australia as the Rag Trade) is a term used for industries primarily concerned with the design Because Nike is a large participant in this manufacturing, many of their processes negatively contribute to the environment. One way the expanding textile industry affects the environment is by increasing its water deficit, climate change, pollution, and fossil fuel and raw material consumption. In addition to this, today’s electronic textile plants spend significant amounts of energy, while also producing a throw-away mindset due to trends founded upon fast fashion and cheap clothing. ^[18] Although these combined effects can negatively alter the environment, Nike tries to counteract their influence with different projects. According to a New England-based environmental organisation Clean Air-Cool Planet, Nike ranks among the top 3 companies (out of 56) on a survey conducted about climate-friendly companies. ^[19] Nike has also been praised for its Nike Grind programme (which closes the product lifecycle) by groups like Climate Counts. Nike Grind is part of Nike 's Reuse-A-Shoe program that was started in 1993 Product lifecycle or product life cycle is the course of a ''product's sales and profits over time ^[20] In addition to this, one campaign that Nike began for Earth Day 2008 was a commercial that featured Steve Nash wearing Nike’s Trash Talk Shoe, a shoe that had been constructed in February of 2008 from pieces of leather and synthetic leather waste that derived from the factory floor. Stephen John Nash, OC, OBC (born 7 February 1974 is a Canadian professional Basketball player who plays Point guard for the The Trash Talk Shoe also featured a sole composed of ground-up rubber from a shoe recycling program. Nike claims this is the first performance basketball shoe that has been created from manufacturing waste, but it only produced 5,000 pairs for sale. ^[21] Another project Nike has begun is called Nike’s Reuse-A-Shoe program. This program is Nike’s longest-running program that benefits both the environment and the community by collecting old athletic shoes of any type in order to process and recycle them. The material that is created from the recycled shoes is then used to help create sports surfaces, such as basketball courts, running tracks, and playgrounds. ^[22]

Marketing strategy

Nike's marketing strategy is an important component of the company's success. Nike is positioned as a premium-brand, selling well-designed and expensive products. Nike lures customers with a marketing strategy centering around a brand image which is attained by distinctive logo and the advertising slogan: "Just do it". ^[23] Nike promotes its products by sponsorship agreements with celebrity athletes, professional teams and college athletic teams. However, Nike's marketing mix contains many elements besides promotion. The marketing mix is generally accepted as the use and specification of 'the four Ps' describing the strategic position of a product in the Marketplace. These are summarised below.

Advertising

Extensive advertising in print, television and other media has included several controversies that have gathered substantial publicity.

Kasky v. Nike

Consumer activist Marc Kasky filed a lawsuit in Quincy Sanford California regarding newspaper advertisements and several letters Nike distributed in response to criticisms of labour conditions in its factories. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Kasky claimed that the company made representations that constituted false advertising. False advertising is the use of false or misleading statements in Advertising. Nike responded that the false advertising laws did not cover the company's expression of its views on a public issue, and that these were entitled to First Amendment protection. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the United States Bill of Rights that expressly prohibits the United States Congress The local court agreed with Nike's lawyers, but the California Supreme Court overturned this ruling, claiming that the corporation's communications were commercial speech and therefore subject to false advertising laws. The Supreme Court of California is the State supreme court in California. Commercial Speech is speech done on behalf of a Company or Individual for the intent of making a Profit.

The United States Supreme Court agreed to review the case (Nike v. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Kasky) but sent the case back to trial court without issuing a substantive ruling on the constitutional issues. The parties subsequently settled out of court before any finding on the accuracy of Nike's statements, leaving the California Supreme Court's denial of Nike's immunity claim as precedent. The case drew a great deal of attention from groups concerned with civil liberties, as well as anti-sweatshop activists. thumb| |Broken Liberty Istanbul Archaeology Museum Civil liberties are freedoms that protect the Individual from the Government.

Beatles song

Nike has been a focus of criticism for their use of the Beatles song "Revolution" in a commercial, against the wishes of Apple Records, the Beatles' recording company. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 A song is a Musical composition. Songs contain vocal parts that are performed 'sung' and generally feature Words ( Lyrics) commonly followed " Revolution " is a song by The Beatles, written by John Lennon and attributed to Lennon/McCartney. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand Apple Records is a record label founded by The Beatles in 1968 as a division of Apple Corps Ltd. Nike paid $250,000 to Capitol Records Inc. Capitol Records is a major United States -based Record label owned by EMI and located in Hollywood California and New York City as , which held the North American licensing rights to the Beatles' recordings, for the right to use the Beatles' rendition for a year.

According to a July 28, 1987 article written by the Associated Press, Apple sued Nike Inc. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio , Capitol Records Inc. , EMI Records Inc. The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in and Wieden+Kennedy advertising agency for $15 million. Wieden+Kennedy (W+K earlier spelled Wieden & Kennedy) is an independently owned American Advertising agency best known for its work for Nike Capitol-EMI countered by saying the lawsuit was 'groundless' because Capitol had licensed the use of "Revolution" with the "active support and encouragement of Yoko Ono Lennon, a shareholder and director of Apple. born in Tokyo on February 18 1933 is a Japanese Artist and Musician. "

According to a November 9, 1989 article in the Los Angeles Daily News, "a tangle of lawsuits between the Beatles and their American and British record companies has been settled. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The Daily News of Los Angeles, also known as the Los Angeles Daily News, is the second largest circulating daily Newspaper of Los Angeles " One condition of the out-of-court settlement was that terms of the agreement would be kept secret. The settlement was reached among the three parties involved: George Harrison, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr; Yoko Ono; and Apple, EMI and Capitol Records. George Harrison, MBE (25 February 1943 – 29 November 2001 was an English rock Guitarist Singer - Songwriter, Author Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE (born 18 June 1942 is an English rock Singer, Bass guitarist songwriter Composer, Ringo Starr, MBE (born Richard Starkey on 7 July 1940 is an English Musician, Singer, Songwriter and Actor A spokesman for Yoko Ono noted, "It's such a confusing myriad of issues that even people who have been close to the principals have a difficult time grasping it. Attorneys on both sides of the Atlantic have probably put their children through college on this. "

Nike discontinued airing ads featuring "Revolution" in March 1988. Yoko Ono later gave permission to Nike to use John Lennon's "Instant Karma" in another ad. John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (born

Minor Threat ad

In late June 2005, Nike received criticism from Ian MacKaye, owner of Dischord Records, guitarist/vocalist for Fugazi & The Evens, and front-man of defunct punk band Minor Threat, for appropriating imagery and text from Minor Threat's 1981 self-titled album's cover art in a flyer promoting Nike Skateboarding's 2005 East Coast demo tour. Ian Thomas Garner MacKaye (məˈkaɪ born April 16, 1962) is an American singer and guitarist Dischord Records is a Washington DC -based Independent record label specializing in the independent punk music Fugazi are an American alternative / post-hardcore band that formed in Washington D The Evens are a Washington DC punk duo formed in the fall of 2001 comprising partners Ian MacKaye (of Fugazi, formerly of Minor Threat) Minor Threat was an American Hardcore punk band that formed in Washington D Nike Skateboarding is the Nike brand for its line of shoes clothing and equipment for the Skateboarding market
On June 27, Nike Skateboarding's website issued an apology to Dischord, Minor Threat, and fans of both and announced that they tried to remove and dispose of all flyers. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden They state that the people who designed it were skateboarders and Minor Threat fans themselves who created the ad out of respect and appreciation for the band. ^[24] The dispute was eventually settled out of court between Nike & Minor Threat. The exact details of the settlement have never been disclosed.

Chinese-themed ad

In 2004, an ad about LeBron James beating cartoon martial arts masters in martial arts offended Chinese authorities, who called the ad blasphemous and insulting to national dignity. LeBron Raymone James (born December 30 1984 in Akron Ohio) is an American professional Basketball player who plays for the Cleveland Cavaliers of Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. The ad was later banned in China. In early 2007 the ad was re-instated in China for unknown reasons. ^[25]

Place

Nike sells its product to more than 25,000 retailers in the U. S. (including Nike's own outlets and "Niketown" stores) and in approximately 160 countries in the world. Nike also sells its own products at nike. com that allows customers to design shoes and directly delivers them from manufacturer to your house. Nike sells its products in international markets through independent distributors, licensees, and subsidiaries.

Sponsorship

Main article: Nike sponsorships

Nike has a number of celebrity athletes and professional teams to focus attention on their products. Nike sponsors many athletes and teams around the world Their first prominent endorser was American running legend Steve Prefontaine. Nike has signed top athletes in many different professional sports such as:

Football (soccer) Fernando Torres Cesc Fàbregas Zlatan Ibrahimović Carlos Salcido Guillermo Ochoa Carles Puyol Robinho Ronaldinho Louis Saha Cristiano Ronaldo Wayne Rooney Didier Drogba Basketball Michael Jordan (former) Kobe Bryant LeBron James Kevin Durant Brandon Roy Manu Ginobili Vince Carter Jermaine O'Neal Steve Nash Amare Stoudemire Shawn Marion Andrei Kirilenko Michael Redd Dirk Nowitzki Greg Oden Sue Bird Mehmet Okur American football Brian Urlacher LaDainian Tomlinson Baseball Matt Holliday Jimmy Rollins Alex Rodriguez Mark Teixeria Huston Street

Cycling Lance Armstrong Akifumi Sakamoto(BMX) Golf Tiger Woods Trevor Immelman Paul Casey Stewart Cink Tennis Serena Williams Roger Federer Rafael Nadal John Isner James Blake Maria Sharapova Lindsay Davenport Daniela Hantuchova Andre Agassi (former) Pete Sampras (former) Lleyton Hewitt (former) Skateboarding Paul Rodriguez Jr. Tristan and Nic Puehse Boxing Manny Pacquiao Track & field Alan Webb Lashawn Merritt Xavier Carter Sanya Richards Formula One racing Felipe Massa Cricket Shane Warne (former)

This is not intended to be an exhaustive, exact list. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Fernando José Torres Sanz (born 20 March 1984 in Madrid, Spain nicknamed El Niño ("The Kid" is a Spanish footballer, who plays for Liverpool Francesc "Cesc" Fàbregas Soler (born 4 May 1987 in Arenys de Mar, Barcelona, Spain is a Spanish footballer who plays as a central Zlatan Ibrahimović (born October 3, 1981 in Malmö, Sweden) is a Swedish football Striker of Bosnian Carlos Arnoldo Salcido Flores (born April 2 1980 in Ocotlán Jalisco) is a Mexican international football defender, who is currently playing Francisco Guillermo Ochoa Magaña (born July 13 1985 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) popularly nicknamed "Memo" is a Mexican Football Carles Puyol (born in April 13, 1978 in La Pobla de Segur, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain) is a Spanish Robson de Souza (born January 25 1984 in São Vicente, Ronaldo de Assis Moreira (born March 21 1980 in Porto Alegre) commonly known as Ronaldinho or Ronaldinho Gaúcho, is a Brazilian footballer Louis Laurent Saha (born 8 August 1978 in Paris, France) is a French international footballer He currently plays for the Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro, OIH (kɾɨʃˈtiɐnu ʁuˈnaɫdu born 5 February 1985 in Funchal, Madeira) is a Portuguese footballer Wayne Mark Rooney (born 24 October 1985 in Croxteth, Liverpool, Merseyside) is an English footballer who currently plays for English Premier Didier Drogba Tebily (born 11 March 1978 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire) is an Ivorian Footballer who plays for Chelsea in Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17 1963 is a retired American professional Basketball player and active businessman Kobe Bean Bryant (born) is an American All-Star Shooting guard LeBron Raymone James (born December 30 1984 in Akron Ohio) is an American professional Basketball player who plays for the Cleveland Cavaliers of Kevin Wayne Durant (born September 29, 1988 in Washington DC) Brandon Dawayne Roy (born July 23 1984 is an American professional Basketball player with the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association Emanuel David Ginóbili or Manu Ginóbili (born 28 July 1977 in Bahía Blanca, Argentina) is an Argentine basketball player Vincent Lamar Carter (born on January 26, 1977) known as Vince Carter, is an American professional Basketball player in the Jermaine Lee O'Neal (born October 13 1978, in Columbia South Carolina) is an American professional Basketball player who plays Stephen John Nash, OC, OBC (born 7 February 1974 is a Canadian professional Basketball player who plays Point guard for the Shawn Dwayne Marion or just called The Matrix (born May 7 1978 in Waukegan Illinois) is an American professional Basketball Andrei Kirilenko may refer to Andrei Kirilenko (politician (1906&ndash1990 Andrei Kirilenko (basketball (born 1981 Michael Redd (born August 24 1979 in Columbus Ohio) is an American professional Basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks of the Dirk Werner Nowitzki (ɖɪʁk weʁneʁ no'v?tski (born June 19 1978 is a German professional Basketball player who plays for the Dallas Mavericks of Gregory Wayne Oden Jr (born January 22 1988 is an American Basketball player at the center position Suzanne Brigit Bird (born October 16, 1980) is a professional women's basketball player Mehmet Okur (born May 26 1979 in Yalova, Turkey) is a Turkish professional Basketball player who currently plays for American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Brian Keith Urlacher (UR lack er (born May 25 1978 in Pasco Washington) is an American football player for the Chicago Bears of the National Football LaDainian Tomlinson (born June 23, 1979) is an American football player who currently plays Running back for the San Diego Chargers Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Matthew Thomas "Matt" Holliday (born January 15, 1980, in) nicknamed "Big Daddy" is the starting Left fielder for the Colorado James Calvin "Jimmy" Rollins (born November 27, 1978 in Oakland, California) nicknamed "J-Roll" is an All-Star Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez (born July 27 1975 in New York New York) commonly nicknamed A-Rod, is an American Third baseman for the Mark Charles "Tex" Teixeira (tʰɛˈʃɛɹə born April 11, 1980 in Annapolis Maryland) is a Major League Baseball player with the Huston Lowell Street (ˈçʲustən born August 2, 1983 in Austin, Texas) is a Relief pitcher for the Oakland Athletics Lance Armstrong (born Lance Edward Gunderson September 18 1971 is an American professional road racing cyclist for UCI ProTeam Team Astana Background and family Woods was born in Cypress, California to Earl (1932-2006 and Kultida (Tida Woods Biography Immelman was born in Cape Town, South Africa Born into a golfing family (his father Johan is the former commissioner of the Sunshine Tour in South Career Casey was born in Cheltenham, but moved to Weybridge at the age of six Professional wins (12 PGA Tour wins (5 Nationwide Tour wins (3 1996 NIKE Ozarks Open, NIKE Colorado Classic, Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) Serena Jameka Williams (born September 26 1981 is a professional tennis player who is currently ranked World No Roger Federer (ˈrɒdʒə ˈfɛdərər born August 8 1981 is a Swiss professional Tennis player who is currently ranked World No Rafael Nadal Parera (rafaˈel naˈðal (born June 3 1986 is a Spanish professional Tennis player who has been ranked World No John Isner (born April 26, 1985, in Greensboro, North Carolina) is an American professional tennis player. James Riley Blake (born December 28, 1979 in Yonkers New York, United States) is an American professional Tennis player and Maria Yuryevna Sharapova ( Mariya Yur’evna Sharapova; born April 19 1987 is a Russian professional Tennis player Lindsay Ann Davenport (born June 8, 1976 in Palos Verdes, California) is a former World No Daniela Hantuchová (ˈdanɪjɛla ˈɦantuxɔvaː roughly HAHN-too-koh-vah; born April 23, 1983 in Poprad, Czechoslovakia, now Andre Kirk Agassi (born April 29 1970 is a former World No 1 professional American Tennis player who won eight Grand Slam singles tournaments Petros “Pete” Sampras (born August 12, 1971) is a former World No Lleyton Glynn Hewitt ( IPA: /ˈleɪtʌn ˈhjuːʌt/ (born 24 February 1981 is a former World No Skateboarding is the act of riding and performing tricks using a Skateboard. Paul Rodriguez Jr (born on December 31 1984, in Chatsworth, California, U Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, Emmanuel Dapidran Pacquiao (born December 17, 1978) simply known as Manny Pacquiao is a Filipino professional boxer. Alan Webb may refer to Alan Webb (athlete, (born 1983 American track athlete Alan Webb (actor, (1906–1982 English actor LaShawn Merritt (born June 27 1986 is an American sprinter who specializes in the 400 meters. Xavier ("X-Man" Carter (born December 8, 1985 in Palm Bay Florida) is an American professional Track and field athlete Sanya Richards (born February 26, 1985 in Kingston Jamaica) is a Track and field athlete who competes internationally for the United Felipe Massa (born in São Paulo April 25, 1981) is a Brazilian Formula One racing driver currently employed by the Ferrari Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Shane Keith Warne (born 13 September 1969 is a former Australian international Cricketer who is widely regarded as one of the This list is for example only.

Nike's first professional athlete endorser was Romanian tennis player Ilie Năstase, and the company's first track endorser was distance running legend Steve Prefontaine. Ilie Năstase (born July 19, 1946, in Bucharest, Romania) is a former Romanian professional tennis player and one of the top players Steve Roland Prefontaine (January 25 1951 &ndash May 30 1975 (nicknamed Pre) was an American middle and long-distance runner. Prefontaine was the prized pupil of the company's co-founder Bill Bowerman while he coached at the University of Oregon. William J "Bill" Bowerman ( February 19, 1911 – December 24, 1999) was an American Track and field coach The University of Oregon (UO is a public, Coeducational Research university in Eugene Oregon, United States. Today, the Steve Prefontaine Building is named in his honor at Nike's corporate headquarters.

Besides Prefontaine, Nike has sponsored many other successful track & field athletes over the years such as Carl Lewis, Jackie Joyner-Kersee and Sebastian Coe. Frederick Carlton ("Carl" Lewis (born July 1 1961 is a retired American track and field athlete who won 10 Olympic medals including 9 golds and 10 Jackie Joyner-Kersee (born March 3, 1962 in East St Louis Illinois) is a retired American athlete ranked among the all-time greatest Sebastian Newbold Coe Baron Coe, KBE (born 29 September 1956, and often nicknamed Seb Coe) is a British former top-level However, it was the signing of basketball player Michael Jordan in 1984, with his subsequent promotion of Nike over the course of his storied career with Spike Lee as Mars Blackmon, that proved to be one of the biggest boosts to Nike's publicity and sales. Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17 1963 is a retired American professional Basketball player and active businessman Shelton Jackson "Spike" Lee (born March 20 1957 is an Emmy Award -winning and Academy Award -nominated American Film director, "Mars Blackmon" was a fictional character from the 1986 film She's Gotta Have It.

Nike is also the official kit sponsor for the Indian cricket team for 5 years, from 2006 to 2010. The Indian cricket team is an international Cricket team representing India. Nike was awarded the contract for US$43 Million.

Nike also sponsors events like Hoop It Up (high school basketball) and The Golden West Invitational (high school track and field). Nike uses web sites as a promotional tool to cover these events. Nike also has several websites for individual sports, including nikebasketball. com, nikefootball. com, and nikerunning. com.

References

• Egan, Timothy. "The swoon of the swoosh", New York Times Magazine; September 13, 1998\. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)  

TIER 0 Special Nike Accounts issued to exclusive stores worldwide who receive special releases.

External links

• Nike.com - Official website
• Nikebiz.com - Business Site

• Nike, Inc. is at coordinates 45°30′34″N 122°49′48″W / 45.5093, -122.8299 (Nike, Inc.)Coordinates: 45°30′34″N 122°49′48″W / 45.5093, -122.8299 (Nike, Inc.)

Criticism of Nike's labor practices

• The NikeWatch Campaign
• FairLabor.org annual report
• Information on Kasky v. Nike
• Making Nike Sweat - on the Sweatshop issue (circa 2001)
• Boycott Nike Homepage - Most information from circa 2001 - Last updated in 2004

Dispute with Beaverton

• How a land spat gets nasty, a September 2005 article from The Oregonian
• The Recent Annexation Actions By The City of Beaverton, a December 2004 Nike press release
• Oregon Senate Bill 887, as signed by Governor Ted Kulongoski

Counterfeiting Of Nikes

• Interview With a Major Retailer of Fake Nike Shoes

Data

• Company profile from Yahoo!
• Company summary, from the New York Stock Exchange website
• Nike Organizational Chart Wiki

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The Oregonian is the major daily Newspaper in Portland Oregon, owned by Advance Publications. Theodore R "Ted" Kulongoski (born November 5 1940) is an American politician currently serving his second term as the Governor of Oregon The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City.

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