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Nijmegen
A view over the center of Nijmegen in the wintertime
A view over the center of Nijmegen in the wintertime
Flag of Nijmegen
Flag		 Coat of arms of Nijmegen
Coat of arms
Location of Nijmegen
Country Netherlands
Province Gelderland
Area (2006)
 - Municipality 57. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Gelderland ( English also Guelders) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the central eastern part of the country Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 53 km² (22. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 2 sq mi)
 - Land 53. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 59 km² (20. 7 sq mi)
 - Water 3. 94 km² (1. 5 sq mi)
Population (1 January 2008)
 - Municipality 160,962
 - Density 3,004/km² (7,780. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3/sq mi)
 - Metro 773,679
  Source: CBS, Statline. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Statistics Netherlands, founded in 1899, is a Dutch governmental institution that gathers statistical information about the Netherlands.
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Website: www.nijmegen.nl

Nijmegen (pronounced [ˈnɛɪmeɣən] (listen) (help·info)) (obsolete spellings: Nijmwegen, Nymegen, Nieumeghen — Nimwegen in local dialect and in German, Nimègue in French, Nimega in Spanish and Italian) is a municipality and a city in the east of the Netherlands, near the German border. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. It is considered to be the oldest city in the Netherlands and celebrated its 2000th year of existence in 2005.

Contents

The city of Nijmegen

History

The first mention of Nijmegen in history is in the 1st century BC, when the Romans built a military camp on the place where Nijmegen was to appear; the location had great strategic value because of the surrounding hills, which gave (and continue to give) a good view over the Waal and Rhine valley. The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge

By 69, when the Batavians, the original inhabitants of the Rhine and Maas valley, revolted, a village called Oppidum Batavorum had formed near the Roman camp. 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings The Batavians ( Latin Batavi) were a Germanic tribe originally part of the Chatti, reported by Tacitus to The Meuse (in Dutch and in German: "Maas" in Latin: "Mosa" in Celtic:"Mus" (the rootword presumingly This village was destroyed in the revolt, but when the revolt had ended the Romans built another, bigger camp where the Legio X Gemina was stationed. Legio X Gemina, the twin legion, was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. Soon after, another village formed around this camp.

In 103 the X Gemina was restationed to Vienna, which may have been a major blow to the economy of the village around the camp. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. In 104 Emperor Trajan renamed the town, which now became known as Ulpia Noviomagus Batavorum, Noviomagus for short (the origin of the current name Nijmegen). Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who Few Roman remains are visible today; a fragment of the old city wall can be seen near the casino and the foundations of the amphitheatre are traced in the paving of the present-day Rembrandtstraat. A casino is in the modern sense of the word a facility that houses and accommodates certain types of Gambling activities An amphitheatre (alternatively amphitheater) is an open-air venue for spectator sports concerts rallies or theatrical performances However, the Valkhof museum has a large collection of Roman artifacts that have been dug up over the years. The Valkhof museum is an Archaeology and Art Museum in Nijmegen, Netherlands.

In the 4th century, Roman power decreased and Nijmegen became part of the Frankish kingdom. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group It has been contended that in the 8th century Emperor Charlemagne maintained his palatium in Nijmegen on at least four occasions. The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his During his brief deposition of 830, the emperor Louis the Pious was sent to Nigmegen by his son Lothar I. Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor Lothair I ( German: Lothar, French: Lothaire, Italian: Lotario) (795 &ndash 29 September 855) Thanks to the Waal river, trade flourished and in 1230, Nijmegen was given city rights by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. City rights are a medieval phenomenon in the history of the Low Countries. Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title In 1247, the city was ceded to the count of Guelders as collateral for a loan. This article deals with the historical county and duchy of Guelders for other meanings see Gelderland. In lending agreements collateral is a borrower's asset that is Forfeited to the lender if the borrower is insolvent—that is unable to pay back the principal and interest on The loan was never repaid, and Nijmegen has been a part of Gelderland ever since. This did not hamper trade; Nijmegen even became part of the Hanseatic League in 1364. The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade

The arts also flourished in this period. Famous medieval painters the Limbourg brothers were born and educated in Nijmegen. The Limbourg brothers, or in Dutch Gebroeders van Limburg ( Herman, Paul, and Johan; fl

During the Dutch Revolt, trade came to a halt and even though Nijmegen became a part of the Republic of United Provinces in 1585, it remained a border town and had to endure multiple sieges. The Dutch Revolt, Eighty Years' War or the Revolt of the Netherlands (1568—1648 was the revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries

The Waal near Nimwegen, 1641.
The Waal near Nimwegen, 1641.

In 1678 Nijmegen was host to the negotiations between the European powers that aimed to put an end to the constant warfare that had ravaged the continent for years. The result was the Treaty of Nijmegen that, unfortunately, failed to provide for a lasting peace. The Treaties of Peace of Nijmegen ( Négotiations de Nimegue or Négotiations de la Paix de Nimègue) were a series of treaties signed in the Dutch city

In the second half of the 19th century, the fortifications around the city became a major problem; there were too many inhabitants inside the walls, but the fortifications could not be demolished because Nijmegen was deemed as being of vital importance to the defence of the Netherlands. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar When, however, events in the Franco-Prussian war proved that old-fashioned fortifications were no more of use, this policy was changed and the fortifications were dismantled in 1874. The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The old castle had already been demolished in 1797, so that its bricks could be sold. Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Through the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, Nijmegen grew steadily. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The Waal was bridged in 1878 by a rail bridge and in 1936 by a car bridge, which was claimed to be Europe's biggest bridge at the time. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1923 the current Radboud University Nijmegen was founded and in 1927 a channel was dug between the Waal and Maas rivers. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Radboud University Nijmegen is a university in Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

In 1940, the Netherlands were invaded by Germany with Nijmegen being the first Dutch city to fall into German hands. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. On February 22, 1944, Nijmegen was heavily bombed by American planes, causing great damage to the city centre. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The American pilots may have thought they were bombing the German city of Kleve, which was clearly not the case. Cleves redirects here for the Duchy of Cleves and the conjoined states of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, see those articles Alleged to have been a deliberate act by the Allies, the NIOD announced in January 2005 that its study of the incident confirmed that it was an accident caused by poor communications and chaos in the airspace. The Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (NIOD Dutch Institute for War Documentation is an Organisation in the Netherlands which maintains archives and Over 750 people died in the incident. During 1944, the city saw heavy fighting during Operation Market Garden. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Operation Market Garden ( September 17, 1944 – September 25, 1944) was an Allied military operation fought in the Netherlands The objective in Nijmegen in September 1944 was mainly to prevent the Germans from destroying the bridge. Capturing the bridge allowed the British Army XXX Corps to attempt to reach the British airborne troops in Arnhem. Arnhem ( ( South Guelderish: Èrnem) is a city and Municipality, situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands. At one time, the bridge held close to 20 25lb anti-tank guns and two anti-aircraft guns. The Germans made repeated attacks on the bridge using bombs attached to driftwood, midget submarines and later resorted to shelling the bridge with 88mm barrages. Troops were positioned on the bridge giving an excellent arc of fire in case of attack. Troops that couldn't fit onto the bridge were positioned in a bombed out house slightly upstream of the bridge. During the shelling, the house was hit, killing 6 soldiers and wounding 1 more.

Nijmegen was liberated from German captivity by the First Canadian Army in November of 1944 for the last time. This city would later be used as a springboard for Operation Veritable, the invasion across the Rhine River by Allied Troops.

More recently, on February 23, 1981, the Nijmegen Police Department and the Dutch Army stormed the Piersonstraat and Zeigelhof, a squatted housing block in the city center of Nijmegen. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force An army (from Latin Armata "act of arming" via Old French armée) in the broadest sense is the land-based Armed forces Using two hundred riot vans, three Leopard MBTs, three armoured personnel carriers, a helicopter, twelve hundred policemen, and seven hundred fifty members of the armed forces, they evicted the squatters and demolished the block, while clouding the entire area in teargas and CS gas. The Leopard (or Leopard 1) is a German designed and produced main battle tank that first entered service in 1965 and was used as the main battle tank Armoured personnel carriers (APCs are Armoured fighting vehicles developed to transport Infantry on the Battlefield They usually have only a Machine History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. For the military meaning see Armed forces. For the Soviet sports society see Armed Forces (sports society Armed Forces Riot control agents are Less-lethal Lachrymatory agents used for Riot control. CS gas is the common name for 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (also called o-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (chemical formula C10H5ClN2 This had an enormous backlash in local politics. While the city government wanted the squatters out to build a parking garage, most of the population wanted affordable housing to be built in the area.

As to this date Nijmegen is still known as Havana on the Waal among some Right-wingers. Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading WAAL ("The Whale" is a Classic rock radio station broadcasting at 99 In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities The Socialist Party, the Green Party and Labour have a solid two-third majority in City Council, making Nijmegen the only major city in The Netherlands with a solely Left-wing government. The Socialist Party ( SP, Dutch: Socialistische Partij) is a Dutch socialist Political party. The term Green left is used primarily to refer to a combination of environmentalism feminism and socialism in countries where the term is used A city council is a form of Local government, usually covering a City or other Urban area, such as a Town. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The current mayor is Mr Thom de Graaf. Thomas ("Thom" Carolus de Graaf (born June 11, 1957) was a Dutch Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Government Reform and Kingdom Relations

Nijmegen celebrated its 2000th year of existence in 2005; it is considered the oldest city in the Netherlands. In gaining this qualification, it has competed with the city of Maastricht. Maastricht ( Dutch; Limburgish and city dialect Mestreech; French: Maestricht or Maëstricht; Spanish:

In November 2005, the city center of Nijmegen was the site of the assassination of political activist Louis Sévèke. Jean Louis Bernhard Sévèke ( Venray, April 28, 1964 - Nijmegen, November 15, 2005) was a Dutch Radical-left

Climate

Nijmegen is generally speaking the warmest area of the Netherlands, especially during summer, when the highest temperatures in the country are usually measured in the triangle Roermond - Nijmegen - Eindhoven. The lack of north-south oriented mountain ranges in Europe make this area prone to sudden shifts in weather, giving the region a semi-continental climate.

Some of the northernmost wineries in the world are found just outside of Nijmegen, around Groesbeek, a suburban village south-east of Nijmegen. Groesbeek is a Municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands.

During the 2006 European heat wave, Kalkar reached a high of 38. 6°C (101. 5°F) on July 19th, and a Weather Underground station in Nijmegen-Dukenburg reached a high of 38. 7°C (101. 7°F), which, if accepted by the KNMI, would have been a record high for the Netherlands. The KNMI does not consider data from stations operated by others, however. The heat wave coincided with that year's Four Day Marches, which were cancelled after the first day, when two people died of hyperthermia-related causes. Hyperthermia, in its advanced state referred to as heat stroke or sunstroke, is an acute condition which occurs when the Body produces or absorbs more Temperatures on that day, the 18th of July, reached around 36°C (97°F).

Nijmegen is in USDA Hardiness zone 8, and AHS Heat zone 3. A hardiness zone is a geographically-defined zone in which a specific category of Plant life is capable of growing as defined by Temperature hardiness or ability

Weather averages for Nijmegen, Netherlands
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17 (62) 20 (68) 27 (81) 32 (90) 36 (97) 36 (97) 39 (102) 38 (101) 33 (91) 30 (86) 21 (70) 17 (63) 39 (102)
Average high °C (°F) 5 (41) 7 (45) 10 (50) 14 (57) 18 (65) 22 (71) 24 (75) 24 (76) 21 (70) 15 (59) 9 (49) 6 (43) 14 (58)
Average low °C (°F) 2 (35) 1 (34) 3 (37) 6 (42) 10 (50) 12 (54) 14 (58) 13 (56) 11 (51) 7 (45) 4 (39) 2 (36) 7 (45)
Record low °C (°F) -15 (5) -17 (2) -13 (9) -4 (24) -1 (31) 1 (33) 2 (36) 2 (35) -2 (28) -7 (19) -11 (13) -12 (10) -17 (2)
Precipitation mm (inches) 50. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 8 (2. 0) 45. 7 (1. 8) 50. 8 (2. 0) 61 (2. 4) 71. 1 (2. 8) 66 (2. 6) 91. 4 (3. 6) 96. 5 (3. 8) 76. 2 (3. 0) 61 (2. 4) 55. 9 (2. 2) 61 (2. 4) 782. 3 (30. 8)
Source: knmi. nl (Klimaatatlas van Nederland, normaalperiode 1971-2000, ISBN 90389 1191 2 [1] dwd. de [2] September 2007

Education

Nijmegen is host to a university, the Radboud University Nijmegen, it counted 17,627 students and its staff 4,336 people in the year of 2006. The Radboud University Nijmegen is a university in Nijmegen, The Netherlands. It was founded in 1923 as the first Catholic university in the Netherlands. As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described It used to be called (Catholic) University of Nijmegen until 2004, when it took its current name.

Radboud University also runs the High Field Magnetic Laboratory which is able to achieve some of the highest fields available in Europe at 33 teslas (continuous) and 60 teslas (pulsed). The tesla (symbol T) is the SI derived unit of Magnetic field B (which is also known as "magnetic flux density" and "magnetic The facility is available to outside users, primarily for research purposes. The education and social work departments of the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen school for higher level vocational training are also located in Nijmegen, as are that school's medical departments.

In addition to these institutions, there is also an intermediate level vocational school (ROC Nijmegen) and a number of secondary schools: Groenschool Nijmegen, Kandinsky College, Nijmeegse Scholengemeenschap Groenewoud (NSG), Stedelijke Scholengemeenschap Nijmegen (SSGN), Canisius College, Lindenholt College, the Stedelijk Gymnasium (formally the "Latijnse school", founded in the 16th century), the Karel de Grote College, Montessori College and the Dominicus College. Of note is also Leefwerkschool Eigenwijs, which caters to students from all over the Netherlands who have been repeatedly expelled from "regular" high schools. Leefwerkschool Eigenwijs has its roots in the local activist movement of the early 1980s and is the only school of its kind recognised in the Netherlands.

Nijmegen is also an important center of Psycholinguistics, housing the Max Planck Institute of Psycholinguistics, the Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information (NICI), and the F. Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable Humans to acquire use The Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e The Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information or NICI is a Research institute for Cognitive science, Neuroscience and Information C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging.

Nijmegen Waalbridge
Nijmegen Waalbridge

Transportation

Nijmegen has four train stations, Nijmegen, Nijmegen Dukenburg, Nijmegen Heyendaal and Nijmegen Lent. The central station is connected to the national Intercity network. The bus company Novio maintains the city buses while Hermes maintains regional buses in cooperation with Veolia and Connexxion.

Museums in and around Nijmegen

International Four Day March Nijmegen

Participants at the start of the 1997 Four Day Marches
Participants at the start of the 1997 Four Day Marches

Nijmegen is famous for the International Four Day March Nijmegen (Dutch: Internationale Vierdaagse Afstandsmarsen Nijmegen, informally Nijmeegse Vierdaagse), an annual event starting on the third Tuesday in July, comprising four days of walking (distances ranging from 30 to 50 km a day), and the accompanying festivities (the Vierdaagsefeesten including rock festival de-Affaire), which have been drawing the largest crowds for any Dutch event in the past few years. The Valkhof museum is an Archaeology and Art Museum in Nijmegen, Netherlands. The Velorama (Nationaal fietsmuseum Velorama is the only Bicycle museum in the Netherlands. The International Four Day Marches Nijmegen (or Vierdaagse)is the largest marching event in the world The International Four Day Marches Nijmegen (or Vierdaagse)is the largest marching event in the world Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Walking (also called ambulation) is the main form of Animal Locomotion on land, distinguished from Running and crawling de-Affaire is an annual music festival in The Netherlands, held in Nijmegen.

The event invites WWII allied veterans to help celebrate their participation in the liberation of the Netherlands from German occupation. Participants from Britain, Canada, the USA, Australia and New Zealand have attended the event. Now-a-days, the event is international, inviting teams from all countries to attend.

During the Vierdaagse of 2006 two people died due to the extreme hot weather. (note that the deceased had other health issues that added up to the death cause). It caused the organisation to cancel the rest of the walk. This resulted in extra safety measures during the 2007 Vierdaagse; for instance, a professional weatherman was added to the organisation staff, more free water refill stations were added along the route and an extensive research program was developed to monitor the effects of hiking long distances on the human body.

Religion

St. Stephen's Church (restored after WWII)
St. Stephen's Church (restored after WWII)

In 1968 prominent liberal theologians in the Roman Catholic Church issued what is now known as the Nijmegen Statement, demanding sweeping reforms in the Vatican's Holy Office, previously known as The Inquisition, and calling for greater scope for theological inquiry. Among its signatories was the then progressive theologian Fr. Joseph Ratzinger, then a member of the faculty at the University of Tubingen but later a much more conservative figure as the head of the successor to the Holy Office, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, and later still Pope Benedict XVI. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen ( German: Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, sometimes called the "Eberhardina Carolina" is a public university The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF ( Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) previously known as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger

The Nijmegen Statement said: "Any form of Inquisition however subtle, not only harms the development of sound theology, it also causes irreparable damage to the credibility of the church". The signatories, a group of predominantly German-speaking theologians asserted that "the freedom of theologians, and theology in the service of the church, regained by Vatican II, must not be jeopardized again. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. " The signatories pledged their loyalty to the pope, but argued that the teaching office of pope and bishops "cannot and must not supersede, hamper and impede the teaching task of theologians as scholars. "

Population centres

The municipality is formed by the city of Nijmegen, incorporating the former villages of Hatert, Hees and Neerbosch, as well as the urban expansion project of Waalsprong, situated north of the river Waal and including the village of Lent as well as the new suburbs of Nijmegen-Oosterhout and Nijmegen-Ressen. Hatert is a suburb in the south of Nijmegen, in the Netherlands WAAL ("The Whale" is a Classic rock radio station broadcasting at 99 Lent is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Nijmegen, about 2 km north of that city on the north bank of

Politics

Council seats
Party seats change from 2002
PvdA 11 +3
SP 7 +1
GroenLinks 6 -3
CDA 5 -
VVD 4 -
D66 2 +1
stadspar 1 -2
VSP 1 -1
nijmnu 1 -
gewnijm 1 +1


The city council has 39 seats. The Socialist Party ( SP, Dutch: Socialistische Partij) is a Dutch socialist Political party. GroenLinks ( GL, English: GreenLeft) is a Dutch Green Political party. The Christian Democratic Appeal ( CDA) (Christen Democratisch Appèl is a Dutch Christian-democratic Political party. The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD) (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie is a Dutch liberal Political party. After the 2002 municipal elections, the three major parties, GroenLinks (9 seats), PvdA (8 seats) and SP (6 seats) formed a coalition. GroenLinks ( GL, English: GreenLeft) is a Dutch Green Political party. Because these are all left-wing parties, Nijmegen received the nickname 'Havana on the Waal'. Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading Although such majorities are no exception (compare Amsterdam) and sometimes also form coalitions (see Muntendam), this is unusual for a city this size. The Government of Amsterdam is the government of the municipality and city of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Muntendam is a town in the Dutch province of Groningen, Municipality Menterwolde. Since such a left-wing coalition might be possible at a national level after the 2006 general election, the achievements of this council are often scrutinised. After the 2006 municipal election such a coalition became possible in many more municipalities, making the example even more interesting.

The municipal elections of 7 March 2006 saw an increase of 4,6% of the votes for these three parties taken together, which could be seen as increased support for the coalition. The Dutch municipal elections of 2006 were held on March 7 2006. However, nationally these parties scored much better, recovering from an electoral blow of the 2002 elections. Then again, the Leefbaar parties that caused the loss then and lost most of their votes this time have no branch in Nijmegen, which makes this comparison less valid. Among the three big parties, there was a shift from GroenLinks, who lost 6. 5%, to PvdA, who won 6. 4% and SP, who won 2. 3%. As a result it is no longer the biggest party. The seat assignment is now as shown in the table. The three-party coalition was returned to office.

Well known people

See also People from Nijmegen
House in the lower part of Nijmegen, the so-called Benedenstad.
House in the lower part of Nijmegen, the so-called Benedenstad.
St Stephen's, Nijmegen.
St Stephen's, Nijmegen.

Native from Nijmegen

Otherwise related

Sister cities

Nijmegen has five sister cities

Miscellaneous information

External links

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