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Nigel Short
Full name Nigel David Short
Country Flag of England England
Born June 1, 1965 (1965-06-01) (age 43)
Leigh, England
Title Grandmaster
FIDE rating 2660
(No. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Leigh is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The title Grandmaster is awarded to extremely strong Chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national Chess federations around the The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in two-player games such as Chess and Go. 58 on the April 2008 FIDE ratings list)
Peak rating 2712 (April 2004)

Nigel David Short MBE (born June 1, 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire) is often regarded as the strongest British chess player of the 20th century. The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in two-player games such as Chess and Go. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Leigh is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. He became a Grandmaster at age 19, and challenged for the World Chess Championship against Garry Kasparov at London 1993. The title Grandmaster is awarded to extremely strong Chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. See also Development of the World Chess Championship The World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the Board game Chess Garry Kasparov (Га́рри Ки́мович Каспа́ров) (born as Garry Kimovich Weinstein on April 13 1963 in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Still active, Short continues to enjoy international success. He is also a chess columnist, coach and commentator.

Contents

Early life

He grew up in Atherton, going to the St Philips primary school on Bolton Old Road. Atherton is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. He studied at the independent Bolton School and Leigh College. Bolton School is an independent school in Bolton, Greater Manchester, in the North-West of England. Wigan & Leigh College is a General Further and Higher Education College based at six locations in the towns of Wigan and Leigh in Greater Manchester He was a member both of Atherton Chess Club, which was founded by his father, David, and later of Bolton Chess Club [1] ,which had initially rejected him, aged seven, for being too young.

Prodigy to Grandmaster

A chess prodigy, Short first attracted significant media attention, as a 10-year-old, by defeating Viktor Korchnoi in a simultaneous exhibition. Chess prodigies are children who play Chess so well that they are able to beat Masters and even Grandmasters often at a very young age Viktor Lvovich Korchnoi (also Korchnoy Kortchnoy Kortschnoi etc A simultaneous exhibition or simultaneous display (often abbreviated to "simul" is an event where one player (commonly a Chess master or grandmaster In 1977 he became the youngest ever participant in the British Chess Championship by qualifying three days before his twelfth birthday. The British Chess Championship is organised by the English Chess Federation. Two years later, at the British Championship in Chester 1979, the 14-year-old tied for first place with John Nunn and Robert Bellin, earning his first IM norm. Chester is the County town of Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77040 John Denis Martin Nunn (born April 25, 1955 in London) is one of England 's strongest Chess players and once belonged to the world's In order to qualify for the title of Grandmaster of Chess, a title awarded by FIDE, the World Chess Federation one must in most cases achieve three grandmaster He became the second youngest International Master in chess history, after Henrique Mecking, by scoring 8/15 in the Hastings Premier in 1979/80. The title International Master is awarded to outstanding Chess players by the world chess organization FIDE. Henrique Mecking (born 23 January 1952; first name spelled Enrique in some references also known as "Mequinho" in Brazil was a leading Brazilian The Hastings International Chess Congress is an annual Chess congress which takes place in Hastings, England, around the turn of the year Participating in four World Junior Championships (1980–1983), Short achieved his best result during his first attempt in which he placed second to Garry Kasparov in 1980 at Dortmund. The World Junior Chess Championship is an under-20 Chess tournament (players must have been under 20 years old on 1 January in the year of competition organized Garry Kasparov (Га́рри Ки́мович Каспа́ров) (born as Garry Kimovich Weinstein on April 13 1963 in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Dortmund (ˈdɔʁtmʊnt is a City in Germany, located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. He was awarded the grandmaster title in 1984, aged nineteen — the youngest in the world at that time. The title Grandmaster is awarded to extremely strong Chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE.

World Championship Candidate

Short’s assaults on the World Chess Championship title began in earnest in 1985 when he narrowly qualified from the Biel Interzonal to become the Britain’s first ever Candidate. See also Development of the World Chess Championship The World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the Board game Chess Interzonal chess tournaments were tournaments organized by FIDE, the World Chess Federation A candidate is the prospective recipient of an Award or honor or a person seeking or being considered for some kind of position for example to be elected He needed a playoff to advance past John van der Wiel and Eugenio Torre for the last berth, after the three had tied in regulation play. John van der Wiel (born 9 August 1959) is a Dutch Chess grandmaster. Eugenio Torre (born November 4, 1951) is a Chess Grandmaster. The Montpellier Candidates Tournament brought Short little success, however, as he scored 7/15 to finish in tenth place. Montpellier ( Occitan Montpelhièr) is a City in the south of France. In the next cycle, he again qualified by winning the 1987 Subotica Interzonal with Jon Speelman. Subotica ( Serbian: Суботица Subotica,, Hungarian: Szabadka, Croatian: Subotica) is a city and municipality in Jonathan Simon Speelman (born 2 October 1956) is an English Chess player a Grandmaster, a mathematician and a chess writer The Candidates stage had by this time reverted to its traditional match format: Short defeated Gyula Sax (+2=3) in Saint John, Canada, in 1988, but then unexpectedly lost (−2=3) to his countryman, Jon Speelman, in London. Gyula Sax (born June 18 1951) is a Hungarian Chess player born in Budapest. Saint John is the largest city in the Province of New Brunswick, and the oldest incorporated city in Canada.

His next attempt was to prove his most successful. A last round victory over Mikhail Gurevich enabled Short to finish equal third with Vishwanathan Anand, behind Vassily Ivanchuk and Boris Gelfand, at the Manila Interzonal, thus qualifying as a Candidate for the third successive time. Mikhail Naumovich Gurevich (born February 22, 1959, in Kharkov, USSR) is a Ukrainian Chess player Viswanathan Anand (ʋiɕˈʋəˌnɑˌt̪ʰən ɑnˌənd̪ விசுவநாதன் ஆனந்த் (born December 11, 1969) is an Indian Vassily Ivanchuk, also transliterated as Vasyl (Василь Михайлович Іванчук, Vasyl Mykhaylovych Ivanchuk) (born March 18 1969 Boris Abramovich Gelfand (born 24 June 1968) is a Chess grandmaster. The City of Manila Defeating Gelfand (+4=2−2) in the 8/Final, he progressed to meet his former nemesis, Jon Speelman, in the quarters. This oscillating struggle went into extra-time in which the younger man eventually prevailed. In the semi-final the Englishman overcame the legendary Russian Anatoly Karpov (+4=4−2) in a match that was described as “the end of an era. Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (Анатолий Евгеньевич Карпов born May 23, 1951) is a Russian Chess grandmaster ” In the final, in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Short defeated Dutchman Jan Timman (+5=5−3) to earn the right to meet defending World Champion, Garry Kasparov. El Escorial is one of the Spanish royal sites and functions as a monastery royal palace museum and school Jan Timman (born December 14, 1951) is a Dutch Chess Grandmaster who was one of the world's leading players from the late 1970s to

According to Short and Kasparov, the head of the chess world's governing body FIDE, Florencio Campomanes, decided on the venue of the match (Manchester) and the prize fund without consulting them, in breach of FIDE rules. Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national Chess federations around the Florencio Campomanes (born Manila, February 22 1927 is a Filipino political scientist Chess player and chess organizer The British WIM and author Cathy Forbes, in her book Nigel Short: Quest for the Crown (Cadogan 1993), wrote that at no time in the 1993 bidding process was a conforming World Championship match bid actually received by FIDE. Cathy Warwick (née Forbes (b February 6, 1968) is an English Chess player and writer In response, Short and Kasparov promptly formed a rival organisation - the Professional Chess Association. The Professional Chess Association (PCA which existed between 1993 and 1996 was a rival organisation to FIDE, the international Chess organization The resulting match – sponsored by The Times newspaper – was held under the auspices of the new body in London, from September to October 1993. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Kasparov won convincingly (+6−1=13), and Short's approach to the match and style of play came in for heavy criticism from BBC commentators Bill Hartston and Tony Miles (it was the heaviest loss in world title matches since Tal's reverse to Botvinnik in 1961). Anthony John Miles ( 23 April 1955 in Edgbaston, Birmingham &ndash 12 November 2001 in Harborne, Birmingham

Tournament and match titles

Short at the 2005 Corus chess tournament
Short at the 2005 Corus chess tournament

Short won the British Chess Championship in 1984, 1987, and 1998, and the English Championship in 1991. The Corus chess tournament takes place every year usually in January in a small town called Wijk aan Zee, part of the larger Beverwijk in the province of North The British Chess Championship is organised by the English Chess Federation. He became Commonwealth Champion in Mumbai, 2004, and again in 2006. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial He won the European Union Championship in Liverpool, 2006. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary He has finished outright first, or tied for first, in dozens of other international tournaments including Geneva 1979, the BBC Master Game (1981), Amsterdam OHRA (1982), Baku 1983, Esbjerg 1984, Wijk aan Zee (1986, 1987), Reykjavík (1987), Amsterdam VSB (1988, 1991, 1992, 1993), Hastings (1987/88, 1988/89), Pärnu (1996), Groningen (1996), Tallinn/Parnu 1998, Dhaka United Insurance 1999, Shymkent 1999, Pamplona (1999/00), Tan Chin Nam Cup, Beijing 2000, Sigeman and Co. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan The Corus chess tournament takes place every year usually in January in a small town called Wijk aan Zee, part of the larger Beverwijk in the province of North For the Greater Reykjavík Area see the Greater Reykjavík Area. Pärnu (Pernau Пярну formerly Пернов Parnawa is a City in southwestern Estonia on the coast of Pärnu Bay an inlet of the Gulf of Riga Groningen is the capital city of the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names Dhaka (also known as Dacca ( Bangla: ঢাকা ɖʱaka is the Capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. Shymkent (Шымкент is the capital city of South Kazakhstan Province, the most populated region in Kazakhstan. For other meanings see Pamplona (disambiguation. Pamplona ( Basque: Iruñea or Iruña) is the capital city of Navarre Malmö 2002, Gibraltar (2003, 2004), Budapest Hunguest Hotels 2003, Samba Cup, Skanderborg 2003, Taiyuan (2004), the Politiken Cup 2006 and Bazna 2008. Gibraltar (dʒɨˈbrɒltər is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Skanderborg, with a Population of 13520 is a town in central Denmark just south of Aarhus Taiyuan ( lit "Great Plains" is a Prefecture-level city and the capital of Shanxi province China. Arguably Short's finest performance came at the Amsterdam VSB tournament in 1991 when he tied for first place with Valery Salov ahead of both Kasparov and Karpov. Valery Salov (born May 26 1964 in Poland is a Russian Chess grandmaster.

Short has enjoyed considerable success as a matchplayer, crushing the US Champion Lev Alburt in Foxboro 1985 by the score of 7-1 (+6=2). Lev Osipovich Alburt (b August 21, 1945) is a Chess grandmaster. He has also defeated Utut Adianto (+3=3) in Jakarta 1995, Etienne Bacrot in Albert 2000 (+3=2−1), Hannes Stefansson in Reykjavík 2002 (+4=1−1) and Ehsan Ghaem Maghami in Tehran 2003 (+2=4). Utut Adianto Wahyuwidayat (born 16 March 1965 in Jakarta, Indonesia) is an Indonesian Chess Grandmaster. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Étienne Bacrot (born January 22, 1983 in Picardie, France) is a French Chess grandmaster. Ehsan Ghaem Maghami ( born 11 August 1982) is a Chess grandmaster from Iran. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of Short lost to Joel Benjamin by 2. Joel Benjamin (born March 11[[ 964]] is a Chess Grandmaster and is currently the highest rated active chess player who was born in the United 5-1. 5 at London 1983, drew with Timman (3-3) in an exhibition match at Hilversum in 1989, defeated Boris Gulko in extra games in the PCA Candidates' quarter-finals at New York 1994, and lost to Gata Kamsky by (5. is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Boris Franzevich Gulko (b February 9, 1947 in Erfurt, East Germany) is a U New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Gata Kamsky real name Gataulla Rustemovich Sabirov ( Tatar: Ğata Kamskiy Ğataulla Rөstəm uğlı Sabirov Гата Камский Гатаулла Рөстәм улы Сабиров 5-1. 5) in the PCA semi-finals at Linares 1995.

International team record

A perennial fixture on the English national team, Short made his international team debut in the Euroteams at age seventeen at Plovdiv 1983, and has represented England continuously ever since. Short's main highlights are: team silver medals in the chess Olympiads of Thessaloniki 1984, Dubai 1986 (where he also took gold medal for the best individual performance on board three) and Thessaloniki 1988. Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), Thessalonica, or Salonica is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Macedonia Dubai (in دبيّ,) is one of the seven emirates and most populous city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE He took a team bronze in the Novi Sad Olympiad of 1990, and led England to fourth place finishes in both 1994 and 1996. Novi Sad ( Cyrillic: Нови Сад 'nɔviː 'saːd; Hungarian: Újvidék Slovak He led the English team to victory in the 1997 Euroteams at Pula, and was a member of the bronze winning team in 1992, and of fourth place teams in 1983 and 2001. Pula (Pietas Iulia Pulj Istriot Pula; Pola is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria He was a member of three English teams in the World Team Championships of 1985 (team bronze), 1989 (team bronze), and 1997 (team fourth). His complete log when representing England in major team events follows.

Olympiads:

Euroteams:

World Team Championships:

Further achievements

Short's highest world ranking (third) was attained during January 1988-July 1989. He reached his numerical peak Elo rating of 2712 in April 2004. The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in two-player games such as Chess and Go. On the April 2008 FIDE rating list, Short is ranked number 58 in the world with an Elo rating of 2660, making him England's number two behind Michael Adams. Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national Chess federations around the Michael Adams (born November 17, 1971 in Truro, Cornwall, England, UK) is a British Grandmaster of

As well as his playing activities, Short is a chess writer. He has written columns and book reviews for the British newspapers The Sunday Times, The Daily Telegraph, the Daily Mail and The Spectator. The Sunday Times is a Sunday Broadsheet Newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. The Daily Mail is a British newspaper currently published in a tabloid format For other uses see Spectator. The Spectator is a weekly British Magazine first published on 6 July He wrote the The Sunday Telegraph chess column for a decade. The Sunday Telegraph is a British Broadsheet newspaper, founded in 1961 He most recently wrote for The Guardian, with his final column appearing on October 19, 2006. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. He also reported on the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 in San Luis, Argentina, for the ChessBase website. The FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 took place in Potrero de los Funes, San Luis Province in Argentina from September 27 to October 16 San Luis is the captial city of San Luis Province in the Cuyo region of Argentina.

He has individually coached young prodigies Pentala Harikrishna, Sergey Karjakin, David Howell and Parimarjan Negi. Pendyala Harikrishna (born May 10, 1986) is a Chess player from Andhra Pradesh, India. Sergey Karjakin (Сергій Карякін Сергей Карякин born January 12, 1990 in Simferopol) is a Ukrainian Chess David Wei Liang Howell (born November 14, 1990) is an English Chess player Parimarjan Negi (born 9 February 1993) is a 15-year-old Chess prodigy from India. He worked as national coach of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 2006-2007. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. His first assignment led to them unexpectedly capturing a team bronze medal at the Asian Games in Doha, Qatar, in 2006. Chess was an Asian Games event 2006 in Doha, Qatar. Medal table Medalists Men's Rapid Doha (الدوحة or Ad-Dōḥah) is the Capital city of Qatar. Qatar ( قطر; ˈqɑtˁɑr local pronunciation giṭar officially the State of Qatar (Arabic دولة قطر transliterated In the nine chess events at the Asian Indoor Games in Macau 2007, Iran took a silver and two bronze medals. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics.

Short is an Honorary Fellow of the University of Bolton. The University of Bolton (formerly Bolton Institute of Higher Education) is a University in Bolton, Greater Manchester, England In 1999 he was appointed MBE, in recognition of his chess accomplishments. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. In August 2005, he was unanimously elected Secretary General of the Commonwealth Chess Association. In June 2006 he became its President, until stepping down in January 2008. He resides in Athens and is married to drama-therapist Rhea Argyro Karageorgiou (Ρεα Αργυρω Καραγεωργιου). Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's The couple have two children: Kyveli Aliki (Κυβελη Αλικη) (born July 7, 1991) and Nicholas Darwin (born December 18, 1998). Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)

Controversies

Following the death of Tony Miles in 2001, Short wrote an obituary in the Sunday Telegraph in which he claimed that during the 27th Chess Olympiad in Dubai he had slept with Miles' then-girlfriend. The 27th Chess Olympiad, organized by the FIDE and comprising an open and women's tournament as well as several events designed to promote the game of Chess Also in 2001, Short was in the news as the story broke that he had been secretly playing the reclusive former chess champion Bobby Fischer online in speed chess matches. Robert James "Bobby" Fischer ( March 9 1943 – January 17 2008) was an American -born Chess Grandmaster Short later retracted the claim after Fischer himself had denied it.

In January 2007, Short gave an interview to the Indian newspaper DNA in which he called for an inquiry to examine allegations that Veselin Topalov cheated during the World Championship in San Luis. Veselin Topalov (vɛsɛ'lin to'pɑlof Веселин Топалов (born 15 March 1975) is a Bulgarian Chess grandmaster During this interview, he was critical of the role of members of the Appeals Committee, in particular FIDE Vice President Zurab Azmaiparashvili whom he described as "singularly inappropriate for such work having, by his own admission, cheated in winning the 2003 European Championship. Zurab Azmaiparashvili (born 16 March 1960) is a Chess Grandmaster from Georgia. ” Azmaiparashvili filed a formal complaint to the FIDE Ethics Commission, which convened in July 2007 . While dismissing the main complaints against Short, the Commission sanctioned him for a minor violation of the FIDE Code of Ethics for his use of the word "dunderhead". [2] This decision was met with derision from the British Chess Magazine.

See also: Ivan Cheparinov#Handshake controversy

References

  1. ^ www.boltonymca.co.uk/8.html. Ivan Cheparinov (born November 26, 1986 in Asenovgrad, Bulgaria) is a Bulgarian Chess player who won the Bulgarian Chess Championship
  2. ^ Case N. 2/07 JUDGEMENT rendered by the FIDE ETHICS COMMISSION (PDF). FIDE (2007-07-29). Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national Chess federations around the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Retrieved on 2008-02-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio

Further reading

External links

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