Nicola Sabbatini (also known as Niccolò Sabbatini or Nicola Sabbattini; 1574-December 25, 1654) was an Italian architect of the Baroque. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc
A native of Pesaro, he was extremely influential at the time for his pioneering and inventive designs of theaters, stage sets, lighting and stage machinery. Pesaro is a town and Comune in the Italian region of the Marche, capital of the Pesaro e Urbino province, on the Adriatic. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Set construction is a process by which a set designer works in collaboration with the director of the production to create the set for a theatrical film or television Lighting includes both artificial Light sources such as lamps and natural illumination of interiors from Daylight. Working in the court of the Dukes of Urbino, he was among the first designers of sophisticated machines which created realistic visual and sound effects such as the sea (the column wave machine)[1], storms, thunder, lightnings, fire, hell, flying gods and clouds, etc. The Duchy of Urbino was a sovereign state of northern Italy The first lords of Urbino were the Montefeltro who obtained the title of counts from Emperor Frederick Visual effects (commonly shortened to Visual F/X or VFX) are the various processes by which imagery is created and/or manipulated outside the context of a Live For the album by The Jam see Sound Affects. Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced Sounds This article is about the body of water For other uses see SEA and Seas. The column wave is a 16th century Stage machine created to mimic movement of the Ocean. A storm is any disturbed state of an astronomical body's atmosphere, especially affecting its surface and strongly implying Severe weather. Thunder is the sound made by Lightning. Depending on the nature of the lightning and distance of the listener it can range from a sharp Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of Electricity, which typically occurs during Thunderstorms and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or Fire is the heat and light energy released during a Chemical reaction, in particular a combustion reaction. Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering A cloud is a visible mass of droplets or frozen crystals floating in the atmosphere above the surface of the Earth or another Planetary body He wrote one of the most important books on how to construct and use a number of devices, scenes and machinery for the stage, Pratica di fabricar scene e macchine ne‘ teatri, which was published in 1638 [2]. The internal architecture of theaters, such as plans for building seats for the audience, was also advanced by Sabbatini.
Sabbatini developed and described a number of novel stage lighting techniques, such as dimming mechanism to darken the whole stage, directed spotlights for illuminating certain parts of the stage (it is believed that he invented the first reflector spotlight, by attaching a polished basin behind a light source) and several others, thus effectively being, together with Sebastiano Serlio (1475-1554) and Leone de Somi, one of the creators of stage lighting for dramatic purposes, including scripting lighting changes in synchronization with the play or opera. Dimmers are devices used to vary the brightness of a light. By decreasing or increasing the RMS voltage and hence the mean power to the lamp it is possible A bowl is a common open-top container used in many cultures to serve Food, and is also used for Drinking and storing other items Sebastiano Serlio ( September 6 1475 &ndash c 1554 was an Italian Mannerist Architect, who was part of the Italian team building the He developed a number of acoustic effects machinery, such as a "thunder box", a contraption which had heavy (15 kg) iron or stone balls which rolled down a case of wooden stairs when the effect was called for.
Sabbatini learned about theories on perspective by the mathematician and philosopher Guido Ubaldi, which had been published in his Perspectivae Libri VI at Pisa in 1600. Perspective (from Latin perspicere to see through in the graphic arts such as drawing is an approximate representation on a flat surface (such as paper of an image as it is perceived A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Guidobaldo del Monte ( 11 January 1545 - 6 January 1607, var Guidobaldi or Guido Baldi) Marquis del Monte Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. Asked to design the sets and stage machines in 1637 for a play in the Teatro del Sole in Pesaro, he used this knowledge to achieve perspective effects.
Among his many inventions devised for the design of more realistic decorations in the stage, he developed ways of quickly changing painted scenes, using several methods:
- Angle wings: flat panels at the sides of the stage, which were turned like pages in a book;
- Periaktoi: painted panels on the faces of standing triangles, which were turned around;
- Sliding shutters, which were moved on grooves in the floor;
- Roller curtains: the scene unrolled from above, over a previous one;
- Portcullis: sliding flat scene that rose rapidly from underneath the stage using counterweights. Periaktos (plural form Periaktoi, from Greek revolving) is a device used for displaying and rapidly changing Theatre Scenes It has A portcullis is a latticed Grille or Gate made of wood metal or a combination of the two
These innovations created surprising and marvelous illusionistic effects, which came to be known as scènes á l'italienne. An illusion is a distortion of the senses revealing how the Brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation
In his researches on perspective for the sets, he defined the so-called œil du prince ("the eye of the prince"), as the ideal seat in the theatre's audience that affords the best possible perspective on the sets [3]. L'œil du prince ("the prince's eye" is a French expression popularized by Nicola Sabbatini (1574–1654 an Italian Stage designer In a chapter in his book, he describes ‘How to Place the Prince’s Seat’, where ‘all the objects in the scene appear better. . . than from any other place’. It is located approximately in the middle of the seventh row and it is a coveted place.
Besides his important work in theatrical stage engineering, Sabbatini participated also as an architect and decorator in several of Pesaro's buildings, such as in the Palazzo Ducale, built by Duke Francesco Maria II della Rovere. The Ducal Palace (Palazzo Ducale is a Renaissance building in the Italian city of Urbino in the Marche. Francesco Maria II della Rovere ( Pesaro, February 20 1549 - Urbania, April 23 1631) was the last Duke of Urbino Inside this building, he projected and built the Vecchio Teatro di Corte (old court theatre), which was later demolished. Later, he was commissioned by a group of Pesaro citizens to build the new Teatro del Sole (Sun Theater), which was inaugurated in 1637. Sabbatini was involved in the project of the new sea port of Pesaro and contributed to some works of art, such as in the design of three articulated panels painted by Giovanni Giacomo Pandolfi in the Nome di Dio oratory, also in Pesaro. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Giovanni Giacomo Pandolfi (first name also spelled Gian or Giovan; 1567 - 1636 was an Italian painter, who was born and lived in Pesaro In Christianity, an oratory is a Room for Prayer, from the Latin orare, to pray
References
- Sabbatini, N. Manual for Constructing Theatrical Scenes and Machine [Pratica di fabricar scene e macchine ne ‘teatri), Ravenna, 1638. On-line description.
- The Renaissance Stage: Documents of Serlio, Sabbattini and Furtenbach (Coral Gables, Fla. : University of Miami Press, 1958).
- Nicola Sabbatini. Encyclopeadia Britannica.
External links
- Nicola Sabbatini's dimmer. Stage Lighting Museum.
- History of Theatrical Illumination. Wow Essays.
- Early Illusionistic Scene Changes. In: The Development of Scenic Spectacle. This excellent article shows 5 of the major Sabbatini's inventions, with QuickTime animations and descriptions. QuickTime is a Multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc, capable of handling various formats of Digital video, Media clips sound text
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