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Ni Putes Ni Soumises (Neither Whores Nor Submissives) is a French feminist movement, founded in 2002, which has already secured the recognition of the French press and the National Assembly of France. Feminism in France has its origins in the French Revolution. A few famous figures emerged during the 1871 Paris Commune, including Louise Michel, Russian-born See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth The French National Assembly. The other is the Senate ( “Sénat”) It is generally dependent on public funding. It is also the name of a book written by Fadela Amara, one of the leaders of the movement, with the help of Le Monde journalist Sylvia Zappi. Fadéla Amara (فاضلة عمارة also known as Fatiha Amara (born 1964 is a French feminist and politician who began her political life as an advocate for Le Monde (The World is a Fadela Amara was appointed in François Fillon's predominently conservative government in May 2007. François Fillon (fʁɑ̃swa fijɔ̃ born 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe) is the current Prime Minister of France, having been appointed to that François Fillon (fʁɑ̃swa fijɔ̃ born 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe) is the current Prime Minister of France, having been appointed to that Amara collaborated with the Cercle de l'Oratoire (a think-tank which supported the US invasion of Iraq), and Mohammed Abdi, the actual president of the NGO, is a member of this think-tank [1]. The Cercle de l'Oratoire ( French for "Oratory Circle" is a French Think tank created a short time after the September 11 2001 attacks The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign

The book cover
The book cover

Contents

Goals

The movement fights against violence targeting women and it focuses on these areas:

NPNS was set up by a group of young French Muslim women, in response to the violence being directed at them in the suburbs (banlieues) and housing projects (cités) of cities such as Paris, Lyon and Toulouse, where rape and violence towards women have occurred at relatively high rates. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Banlieue-erevanjpg|thumb|Banlieue of Erevan; Armenia]][[Image Etalement urbain banlieue paris - 03 Public housing is a form of Housing tenure in which the property is owned by a Government authority which may be central or local Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person Samira Bellil described in a CNN Interview a trial in Lille following the gang rape of a 13-year-old girl by 80 men. Samira Bellil ( November 24, 1972 - September 7, 2004) was a French feminist activist and a campaigner for the rights of girls and Lille (lil Rijsel is a city in northern France. It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in the country [2]

The slogan used by the movement is meant both to shock and mobilise. Members particularly protest against changes of attitudes toward women, reputedly due to an increased influence of radical Islam in those French suburbs that are mostly inhabited by people of Maghreb and black African origin. Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only The Maghreb (المغرب العربي al-Maġrib al-ʿArabī) also rendered Maghrib (or rarely Moghreb) meaning "place of Sunset The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse A particular concern is the treatment of Muslim women, who may be pressured into wearing veils, leaving school, and marrying early. However, the movement represents women of all faiths and ethnic origins, all of whom may find themselves trapped by poverty and the ghettoisation of the cités. A ghetto is described as a "portion of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social legal or economic pressure

A translation of the key points of NPNS's national appeal on its official website:[3]

Two high-profile cases gave a particular impetus to NPNS during 2003. The first was that of Samira Bellil, who published a book called Dans l'enfer des tournantes ("In Gang Rape Hell") in which she recounts her life as a girl under la loi des cités (the law of the housing projects) where she was gang raped on more than one occasion, the first time at age 13, afraid to speak out, and ultimately seen only as a sexual object, alienated and shunned by her family and some of her friends. Samira Bellil ( November 24, 1972 - September 7, 2004) was a French feminist activist and a campaigner for the rights of girls and Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person The second case was that of 17-year-old Sohanne Benziane who was burned alive by an alleged small-time gang leader. Sohane Benziane (1984&ndash October 4, 2002) was a French Muslim girl who was murdered at

In the wake of these events, members of Ni Putes Ni Soumises staged a march through France, which started in February 2003 and passed through to over 20 cities before culminating in a 30,000-strong demonstration in Paris on March 8, 2003. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The march was officially called la Marche des femmes des quartiers contre les ghettos et pour l'égalité (The March of Women from the housing projects against ghettoes and for equality). Public housing is a form of Housing tenure in which the property is owned by a Government authority which may be central or local A ghetto is described as a "portion of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social legal or economic pressure Representatives of Ni Putes Ni Soumises were received by French Prime Minister Jean Pierre Raffarin. Jean-Pierre Raffarin (born 3 August 1948 is a French conservative Politician and senator for Vienne. Their message was also incorporated into the official celebrations of Bastille Day 2003 in Paris, when 14 giant posters each of a modern woman dressed as Marianne, the symbol of the French Republic, were hung on the columns of the Palais Bourbon, the home of the Assemblée nationale (the lower house of the French parliament). Bastille Day is the French national holiday, celebrated on 14 July each year. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Marianne, a National emblem of the French Republic, is by extension a Personification]alagor of Liberty and Reason. Palais Bourbon, a Palace located on the left bank of the Seine, across from the Place de la Concorde, Paris (which is on the right bank is The French National Assembly. The other is the Senate ( “Sénat”)


The following five propositions were accepted by the French government:

  1. The publication of an educational guide dealing with respect, to be distributed in the housing projects and schools.
  2. The establishment of safe houses away from the housing projects for girls and women in immediate distress, where they can be safe in relative anonymity. In law enforcement and intelligence jargon of Intelligence agencies and Police forces a secured location suitable for hiding witnesses agents or other persons
  3. The creation of six pilot sites where women will be able to have their voices heard.
  4. The organisation of training seminars for women to develop their particular strengths.
  5. Special provisions made in police stations for girls and women who have been the victims of violence.

Criticisms

Ni Putes Ni Soumises has been criticized by various French feminists and left-wing authors (Sylvie Tissot, [4], Elsa Dorlin [5], Etienne Balibar [6], Houria Bouteldja [7], etc. Feminism in France has its origins in the French Revolution. A few famous figures emerged during the 1871 Paris Commune, including Louise Michel, Russian-born Étienne Balibar (born April 23, 1942 in Avallon, Bourgogne, France) is a French Marxist Philosopher ), who claimed that it overshadowed the work of other feminist NGOs and that it supported a racist, islamophobic instrumentalization of feminism by the French Right, as if forms of Islamic feminism were impossible. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that Islamophobia is a Neologism that refers to Prejudice or Discrimination against Islam or Muslims The term itself dates back to the Islamic feminism is a form of Feminism concerned with the role of women in Islam.

Houria Bouteldja qualified Ni Putes ni Soumises as an Ideological State Apparatus (AIE) [7]. Louis Pierre Althusser (Pronunciation altuˡseʁ ( October 16, 1918 – October 22, 1990) was a Marxist philosopher. The debate among the French Left concerning the 2004 law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools, mainly targeted against the hijab, is to be seen under this light [4]. The Left in France at the beginning of the 20th century was represented by two main Political parties, the Republican Radical and Radical-Socialist Party The Islam and clothing Hijab or ħijāb ( ar حجاب, pronounced) is the Arabic term for "cover" (noun based on the root حجب meaning "to They underline that, first, sexism is not a specificity of immigrant populations, as is French culture itself was devoid of sexism, and second, that the focus on mediatic and violent acts passes under silence the precarization of women [4][5]. For a sociological view of labor conditions see Precarious work Definition Precarity is a condition of Existence without

The decision of the president of Ni Putes ni Soumises, Fadela Amara, to become a secretary of state in François Fillon's Right wing government was also much criticized by the Left in France, and often seen as an illustration of the conservative base of NPNS ideas. Fadéla Amara (فاضلة عمارة also known as Fatiha Amara (born 1964 is a French feminist and politician who began her political life as an advocate for François Fillon (fʁɑ̃swa fijɔ̃ born 4 March 1954 in Le Mans, Sarthe) is the current Prime Minister of France, having been appointed to that

See also

References

  1. ^ Qui est Fadela Amara? (French)
  2. ^ Muslim Women Rebel In France, CNN, 2004-05-24. The social situation in the French suburbs, known as Banlieues ' is a complex topic Feminism in France has its origins in the French Revolution. A few famous figures emerged during the 1871 Paris Commune, including Louise Michel, Russian-born The Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
  3. ^ Ni Putes Ni Soumises - Le Site Officiel -
  4. ^ a b c Sylvie Tissot, Bilan d’un féminisme d’État, in Plein Droit n°75, December 2007
  5. ^ a b Elsa Dorlin (professor of philosophy at the Sorbonne, member of NextGenderation), « Pas en notre nom ! » - Contre la récupération raciste du féminisme par la droite française (Not in our names! Against the Racist Recuperation of Feminism by the French Right), L'Autre Campagne (French)
  6. ^ Etienne Balibar, Uprising in the "banlieues", Conference at the University of Chicago, 10 May 2006 (English) (published in French in Lignes, November 2006)
  7. ^ a b Houria Bouteldja, De la cérémonie du dévoilement à Alger (1958) à Ni Putes Ni Soumises : l’instrumentalisation coloniale et néo-coloniale de la cause des femmes., Ni putes ni soumises, un appareil idéologique d’État, June 2007 (French)

Bibliography

External links

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