The Ngô Dynasty (Hán tự: 吳朝; 939-967) was a dynasty in Vietnam. The history of Vietnam begins around 2700 years ago Successive dynasties based in China ruled Vietnam directly for most of the period from 111 BC until 938 Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Hồng Bàng Dynasty, also known as the Lạc Dynasty, is a Dynasty that supposedly ruled in Vietnam (then known as Văn Lang) for over 2000 An Dương Vương ( Hán Việt: 安[[wikt 陽|陽]] 王; literally "Peaceful Sun King" is the ruling title of Thục Phán ( 蜀[[wikt Nanyue ( was an ancient kingdom that consisted of parts of the modern Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and much of modern northern The Triệu Dynasty (Nhà Triệu is the name given in Vietnam to the lineage of kings of the kingdom of Nam Việt (Nanyue which ruled over parts of The Second Chinese domination of Vietnam saw China strengthen its control over the region Triệu Thị Trinh ( Hán Việt: 趙[[wikt 氏|氏]] 貞) also known as Triệu Ẩu ( 趙[[wikt 嫗|嫗]] or Bà Triệu Lý Nam Đế ( 李[[wikt 南|南]] 帝, Lý The Southern Emperor) was originally Lý Bí or Lý Bôn ( 李[[wikt 賁|賁]] Triệu Việt Vương ( Hán tự: 趙[[wikt 越|越]] 王; ? The Third Chinese domination of Vietnam saw two Chinese imperial dynasties rule over the Chinese controlled region of Chiaozhou ( 交州, Vietnamese Giao Châu an Phùng Hưng ( Hán tự: 馮[[wikt 興|興]] 761-802 was a military leader who briefly reigned over Vietnam during the 8th century The Khúc family (Họ Khúc was a session of leaders who challenged Tang rule over Vietnam. Dương Đình Nghệ ( Hán tự: 楊廷藝 ?-937 some sources record Dương Diên Nghệ, 楊延藝 was the administrator of Giao Chỉ in around 931 The 12 Lords Rebellion (Loạn 12 Sứ Quân was a period of chaos and civil war in the History of Vietnam, from 966 to 968 AD during the Ngô Dynasty, due to a conflict The Đinh Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Đinh; Han-Viet: Đinh Triều, 丁[[wikt 朝|朝]] was the imperial dynasty of Vietnam The Anterior Lê Dynasty or Prior Lê Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Tiền Lê; IPA: /ɲa˨˩ tiən˨˩ le/ was a dynasty that ruled Vietnam The Lý Dynasty ( Vietnamese: nhà Lý, IPA: /ɲa˨˩ li˦˥/ pronounced like Lee) sometimes known as the Posterior Lý Dynasty ( The Trần Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, Hán Việt: Trần Triều, 陳朝 was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that The Hồ Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Hồ; Hán Việt: Hồ Triều) in Vietnam was a short-lived seven-year reign of two emperors The fourth Chinese domination was a period of the History of Vietnam, from 1407 to 1427, upon which the country was ruled by the Ming Dynasty The Posterior Trần Dynasty (Nhà Hậu Trần period of 1407 till 1413 in the history of Vietnam is characterized by two revolts centered around Trần Quỹ ( The Later Lê Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Hậu Lê; Hán Việt: 後黎朝 sometimes referred to as the Lê Dynasty (the earlier Lê Dynasty The Mạc Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Mạc; Hán Việt: 莫[[wikt 朝|朝]] ruled the northern provinces of Vietnam from 1527 The Trịnh Lords (Chúa Trịnh Chu nom: 主[[wikt 鄭|鄭]] 1545-1787 were a series of rulers of Vietnam who controlled the powers of government while leaving The Nguyễn Lords ( Vietnamese: Chúa Nguyễn; 1558 - 1775 were a series of rulers of Southern Vietnam (then called Đàng Trong) The name of Tây Sơn ( 西[[wikt 山|山]] is used in many ways referring back to the period of Peasant rebellions and decentralized dynasties established between The Nguyễn Dynasty (Nhà Nguyễn Hán Việt: Nguyễn triều 阮朝 was the last ruling family of Vietnam. First French interventions See also France-Vietnam relations France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit The Empire of Vietnam ( Vietnamese: Đế quốc Việt Nam, or (Việt Nam Đế quốc) was a short-lived Puppet state of Imperial Japan The Indochina Wars ( Vietnamese: Chiến tranh Đông Dương) refers to Wars of national liberation and attempts of the Vietnamese communists to assert regional The Partition of Vietnam was the establishment of the 17th parallel as the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone in 1954 splitting Vietnam into halves after the The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN or less commonly Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa was a Country on the northern half of Vietnam The State of Vietnam ( Vietnamese: Quốc gia Việt Nam) was a former state in Vietnam replacing the former Republic of Cochinchina (1946-1949 "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia The Republic of South Vietnam (Cộng Hòa Miền Nam Việt Nam was the provisional government of South Vietnam following the final military defeat of the Army of the Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The kingdom of Champa ( Chăm Pa in Vietnamese or Chiêm Thành in Hán Việt records was an Indianized kingdom and controlled what Below is a list of Vietnamese monarchs. Some declared themselves kings ( vua / vương) or emperors ( hoàng đế) Until French colonization in the mid-19th century Vietnam's economy was uniformly agrarian subsistence and village-oriented Hán tự ( {{IPA|/han˦˥ tɯ˨/}}; 漢[[wikt 字|字]] meaning " Chinese character " or chữ Nho ( {{IPA|/tɕɯ˧˨˧ ɲɔ/}} Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially
Around the year 930 AD, as Ngô Quyền (吳權) rose to power, northern Vietnam was a province and vassal state of China and was referred to as Giao Chỉ (交趾). Ngô Quyền ( Hán tự: 吳[[wikt 權|權]] March 12, 897 - 944) (r Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially A vassal (also called feodary or fedary) in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of Medieval Europe, China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Tonkin (Đông Kinh in Vietnamese) also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of Every year the governor/administrator of Giao Chỉ had to pay tribute and give offerings to China. During the beginning of the 900s, China was plagued and weakened by internal in-fighting during what is known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ( 907-960 was an era of political upheaval in China, beginning in the Tang Dynasty and ending in the Song Dynasty. The celestial emperor of China thus has his mind and hands full of problems in the North. Giao Chỉ took this opportunity to proclaim its independence and self government. Under the administration of Dương Đình Nghệ (楊延藝), this took place.
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Dương Đình (Diên) Nghệ
Dương Đình Nghệ (楊延藝, 937-938) was the self-appointed administrator around 930. Previously, he had been considered a skillful and talented general under Khúc Hạo (曲顥), descendant of the Khúc family who had sought independence of the nation from the Chinese for three generations in the early 900s. The Khúc family (Họ Khúc was a session of leaders who challenged Tang rule over Vietnam. Dương Đình Nghệ's rule however was challenged and defeated by local strongman Kiều Công Tiển (矯公羡) who elevated himself to the post of governor/administrator but who would not remain in a position of power for long.
Tiền Ngô Vương (前吳王) or Ngô Vương (吳王), reign: 939-944
Ngô Quyền (897-944) was Dương Đình Nghệ's favorite and most loyal general. He served under Dương Đình Nghệ's command and married one of his daughters. After he saw his mentor and father-in-law killed, Ngô Quyền sought revenge. He challenged and defeated Kiều Công Tiển in 938. The latter, before his death and battle with Ngô Quyền, had sent an emissary to China to ask for help. The Chinese emperor sent an army to the South to rescue Công Tiển in 938. Ngô Quyền had been warned of their coming and waited at Bạch ĐằngRiver to destroy the Chinese army, the first of his many victories at the famous river. At the Battle of Bạch Đằng River in 938 the Vietnamese forces led by Ngô Quyền, defeated the Chinese invaders and put an end to Chinese imperial Ngô Quyền then ascended to the throne and took the name Ngô Vương. He moved the capital back to Cổ Loa Thành. Cổ Loa Citadel ( is a Citadel built near Phong Khe, about 20km to the west of today’s Hanoi, during the end of the Hồng Bàng Dynasty He reigned for only five years, until 944, when he died at age 47. A short reign for an ambitious emperor to reorganize the country. Nevertheless, Ngô Vương ushered in a new Vietnamese era of continuous independence and self-governance.
1st Battle of Bạch Đằng Giang (白藤江): To defeat the Chinese army coming to supply aid to his rival, Ngô Vương cleverly planted iron spikes underneath the Bạch Đằng River and timed the attacked of the Southern Han navy. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The attack began during high tide in order to conceal the spikes beneath the water and after a few hours of holding the enemy in place, the tides receded and the spikes impaled the boats. Characteristics A tide is a repeated cycle of sea level changes in the following stages Over several hours the water rises or advances up a beach in the flood The Vietnamese forces followed this impalement with fire attacks, which annihilated the huge warships. The Southern Han navy and the Prince of Southern Han were killed. This tactic was repeated again during the Trần Dynasty by Trần Hưng Đạo against the third Mongol Invasion. The Trần Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, Hán Việt: Trần Triều, 陳朝 was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that Trần Hưng Đạo (1228&ndash1300 陳[[wikt 興|興]] 道) was the Vietnamese military Grand Commander of Thang Long during the Trần Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East
Dương Tam Kha (楊三哥), reign: 944-950
Before his death, Ngô Vương's wish was to see his brother-in-law Dương Tam Kha act as regent for his son Ngô Xương Ngập (吳昌岌). A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor However Ngô Vương's wish was not fulfilled. Dương Tam Kha usurped the throne and proclaimed himself "Binh Vương" (平王). He took Ngô Xương Ngập's younger brother, Ngô Xương Văn as his adopted son and made him heir to the throne. Fearing for his life, Ngô Xương Ngập went into hiding with his retinue. A retinue is a body of persons "retained" in the service of a noble or royal personage a suite (literal French meanings what follows of " Dương Tam Kha's reign was unpopular and many revolts and rebellions sprung up across the country.
Hậu Ngô Vương (後吳王): Nam Tấn Vương (南晉王) & Thiên Sách Vương (天策王), co-reign: 950-954
Ngô Xương Văn (吳昌文) deposed Dương Tam Kha in 950 and styled himself "Nam Tấn Vương. " Out of respect for his uncle, Ngô Xương Văn did not have him killed, but merely demoted him and sent him into exile. Ngô Xương Văn then searched out his older brother Ngô Xương Ngập in order to share the throne with him. After arriving at the capital, Ngô Xương Ngập styled himself "Thiên Sách Vương. "
Thiên Sách Vương (天策王)，reign: 954-965
Brought back by his younger brother Ngô Xương Văn to the throne, Ngô Xương Ngập soon abused his rights as the oldest son and began to rule Giao Chỉ as dictator. A dictator is an Authoritarian ruler (eg Absolutist or autocratic) who assumes sole and absolute power without hereditary ascension such as an Absolute The country was ripe for open rivalries between different lords who fought each other to become the next successor.
Ngô Sứ Quân (吳使君)，reign: 965-968
After Ngô Xương Ngập's death in 965, his son Ngô Xương Xí (吳昌熾) succeeded him. But as he ascended to the throne Ngô Xương Xí was faced with the daunting task of having his rule recognized by the now open rivalry between the 12 lords who fought one another as they vied for control of the country. With the annoucnement of his rule, the country was thrown into a chaotic period called the Thập Nhị Sứ Quân (十二使君) Rebellion.
"The 12 Lords Rebellion" or "Thập Nhị Sứ Quân Rebellion" (966-968)
The 12 Lords were:
- Ngô Xương Xí (the nominal emperor whose reign and rule were contested)
- Đỗ Cảnh Thạc
- Trần Lãm (who proclaims himself Trần Minh Công. It is Trần Lãm who trained Đinh Bộ Lĩnh who soon will emerge and prove himself as the strongest of the 12 lords and eventually found the Đinh Dynasty. Đinh Bộ Lĩnh ( Hán tự: 丁[[wikt 部|部]] 領; 923–979 r The Đinh Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Đinh; Han-Viet: Đinh Triều, 丁[[wikt 朝|朝]] was the imperial dynasty of Vietnam
- Kiều Công Hãn (who proclaims himself Kiều Công Che)
- Nguyễn Khoan (who proclaims himself Nguyễn Thái Bình)
- Ngô Nhật Khánh
- Lý Khê
- Nguyễn Thủ Tiệp
- Lý Đường
- Nguyễn Siêu
- Kiều Thuận
- Phạm Bạch Hổ
References
- Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu, by Ngo Si Lien (大越史記全書。吳士連編。内閣官板)
- Viet Nam Su Luoc, by Tran Trong Kim
- Viet Su Toan Thu, by Pham Van Son
- Ngô Quyền by Chi D. Nguyen
| Preceded by Kiều Công Tiễn |
Ruler of Vietnam 939–967 |
Succeeded by Đinh Dynasty |
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