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A newspaper is a written publication containing news, information and advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called newsprint. Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people Professional journalism is a form of news reporting which developed in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century along with formal schools of journalism News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth Reportage sometimes refers to the total body of media coverage of a particular topic or event including news reporting and analysis " the extensive reportage of recent News style (also journalistic style or news writing) is the particular Prose style used for News reporting (ie Journalism ethics and standards comprise principles of Ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific challenges faced by professional Journalists Historically Objectivity is a significant principle of Journalistic professionalism. News values, sometimes called "news criteria" determine how much prominence a news story is given by a media outlet and the attention it is given by the audience In Journalism, a source is a person publication or other record or document that gives information Editorial independence is the freedom of editors to make decisions without interference from the owners of a publication A journalism school is a School or department usually part of an established University, where Journalists are trained List of Journalism topics This page aims to list all topics related to the field of Journalism. Arts journalism is a branch of Journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of the arts Business journalism is the branch of journalism that tracks records analyses and interprets the economic changes that take place in a society Entertainment journalism is an umbrella term used to describe all forms of Journalism that focus on the Entertainment business and its products Environmental journalism is the collection verification production distribution and exhibition of information regarding current events trends issues and people that are associated Fashion journalism is an umbrella term used to describe all aspects of published Fashion media Political journalism is a broad branch of Journalism that includes coverage of all aspects of Politics and Political science, although the term usually Science journalism is a relatively new branch of Journalism, which uses the art of Reporting to convey information about Science topics to a public forum Sports journalism is a form of Journalism that reports on Sports topics and events While the sports department within some Newspapers has been Tech journalism is a relatively new branch of Journalism, which uses the art of Reporting to convey information about Tech topics to a public forum Trade journalism reports on the movements and developments of the Business world by way of articles or analysis A traffic report is an element of a Radio program or TV news broadcast that informs listeners about general traffic conditions Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location Advocacy journalism is a Genre of Journalism that intentionally and transparently adopts a non-objective viewpoint usually for some social Citizen journalism, also known as public or participatory journalism or democratic journalism, is the act of citizens "playing an active role in the The civic journalism movement (also known as public journalism is according to professor David K Community journalism is locally oriented coverage that typically focuses on city neighborhoods or individual suburbs rather than metropolitan state national or world news "Gonzo" redirects here For other uses see Gonzo (disambiguation Gonzo journalism is a style of Journalism which is written Investigative journalism is a type of reporting in which reporters deeply investigate a topic of interest often involving crime Political corruption, or some other Scandal Docufiction (often understood as Docudrama) is a Neologism which refers to a cinematographic work in a Genre mixing Fiction and Narrative journalism is the interpretation of a story and the way in which the journalist portrays it be it fictional or non-fictional New Journalism was a style of 1960s and 1970s News writing and Journalism which used literary techniques deemed unconventional at the time Opinion journalism is Journalism that makes no claim of objectivity. Visual journalism is the practice of strategically combining words and images to convey information Watchdog journalism refers to forms of Activist journalism aimed at holding accountable public personalities and institutions whose functions impact social and political life The term Fourth Estate refers to the press, both in its explicit capacity of advocacy and in its implicit ability to frame political issues Fifth Estate is any class or group in society other than the Clergy ( First Estate) the Nobility ( Second Estate) the Commoners ( Freedom Constitutional or statutory protections pertaining to freedom of the press Infotainment (a Portmanteau of information and entertainment refers to a general type of media broadcast program which provides a combination of current Media bias in the United States News propaganda is Covert Propaganda packaged as credible News without transparency as to source and motivation Public relations (PR is the practice of managing the flow of Information between an Organization and its Publics Public relations - often referred Yellow journalism is Journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers The news media refers to the section of the Mass media that focuses on presenting current News to the public Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally News agency (alternative A news agency is an organization of Journalists established to supply News reports to organizations in the News trade Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are "broadcast" that is published by electrical methods instead of the older methods such as printed newspapers Online journalism is defined as the Reporting of facts produced and distributed via the Internet. Photojournalism is a particular form of Journalism (the collecting editing and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast that creates images in order to tell Alternative media are media (newspapers radio television movies Internet etc Video blogging, sometimes shortened to vlogging is a form of Blogging for which the medium is Video. A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends A reporter is a type of Journalist who Researches and presents information in certain types of Mass media. Editing Language, Images or Sound through correction condensation organization and other modifications in various media A columnist is a Journalist who writes material on a regular basis for publication in a series A photographer is a person who takes a Photograph using a Camera. Meteorology (from Greek grc μετέωρος metéōros, "high in the sky" and grc -λογία -logia) is the Interdisciplinary To publish is to make content Publicly known. The term is most frequently applied to the distribution of text or images on paper or to the placing of content News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand Newsprint is low-cost non-archival Paper most commonly used to print Newspapers plus other publications and advertising material General-interest newspapers often feature articles on political events, crime, business, art/entertainment, society and sports. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual See also Entertainment (disambiguation and The Entertainer (disambiguation Entertainment is an activity designed to give people A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing columns which express the personal opinions of writers. An editorial, leader (UK or leading article (UK is an article in a Newspaper or Magazine that expresses the opinion of the Editor A column is a recurring piece or article in a Newspaper, Magazine or other publication Supplementary sections may contain advertising, comics, coupons, and other printed media. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand Comics (via Latin from the Greek "" kōmikos, of or pertaining to "comedy" from kōmos "revel" In Marketing a coupon is a ticket or document that can be exchanged for a financial discount or rebate when purchasing a product. Newspapers are most often published on a daily or weekly basis, and they usually focus on one particular geographic area where most of their readers live. Despite recent setbacks in circulation and profits newspapers are still the most iconic outlet for news and other types of written journalism. Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people

Features a newspaper may include are:

• Weather news and forecasts
• An advice column
• Critic reviews of movies, plays, restaurants, etc. The weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given Atmosphere at a given Time. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location An advice column is a column at a Magazine or Newspaper written by an advice columnist (colloquially known as an agony aunt, or agony uncle if The word critic comes from the Greek el κριτικός ( el-Latn kritikós) "able to discern" which in turn derives from the word
• Editorial opinions
• A gossip column
• Comic strips and other entertainment, such as crosswords, sudoku and horoscopes
• A sports column or section
• A humor column or section
• A food column
• Classified ads are commonly seen in local or small newspapers. An editorial, leader (UK or leading article (UK is an article in a Newspaper or Magazine that expresses the opinion of the Editor Gossip is idle talk or Rumor, especially about the personal or private affairs of others A comic strip is a sequence of drawings that tells a story Currently in the Western world, most comic strips are written and drawn by a Comics artist is a Logic -based number-placement Puzzle. The objective is to fill a 9×9 grid so that each column each row and each of the nine 3×3 boxes (also called blocks In Astrology, a horoscope is a chart or diagram representing the positions of the Sun Moon planets the Astrological aspects, and sensitive angles Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively Humour or humor (see spelling differences) is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke Laughter and provide Amusement A food column is a type of newspaper column dealing with food Classified advertising is a form of Advertising which is particularly common in Newspapers, online and other Periodicals, e

Contents 1 History 2 Categories 3 Format 3.1 Online-only 3.2 Electronic paper 4 Circulation and readership 5 Advertising 6 Journalism 7 Future 8 See also 9 References 10 External links

History

There is some debate over which publication was the first newspaper because the definition of a newspaper has been flexible. In ancient Rome, Acta Diurna, or government announcement bulletins, were made public by Julius Caesar. Acta Diurna (lat Daily Acts sometimes translated as Daily Public Records) were daily Roman Official notices seen as the first Gazette They were carved on stone or metal and posted in public places. In China, early government-produced news sheets, called tipao, circulated among court officials during the late Han dynasty (second and third centuries AD). Tipao (palace report or imperial bulletin was one of the first Gazettes introduced in China around the third century AD The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. Between 713 and 734, the Kai Yuan Za Bao of the Chinese Tang Dynasty published government news; it was handwritten on silk and read by government officials. Kaiyuan Za Bao, or Kaiyuan Chao Pao, Bulletin of the Court, was one of the world's first Newspapers It was first published The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by In 1582 there was the first reference to privately-published newssheets in Beijing, during the late Ming Dynasty;^[1] by 1638 the Beijing Gazette switched from woodblock print to movable type printing. The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led The term gazette normally refers to a Newspaper. In the governments of Commonwealth countries a gazette is an official Journal that publishes the Movable type is the system of Printing and Typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual letters or punctuation ^[1] However, the World Association of Newspapers recognizes Johann Carolus’s Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien, published in 1605, as the world’s first newspaper. The World Association of Newspapers (WAN is a Non-profit, Non-governmental organization made up of 76 national Newspaper associations 12 news agencies Johann Carolus (1575 - 1634 was the publisher of the first Newspaper, called Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien (Collection of all distinguished The Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. of 1618 is also considered by some to be the first modern newspaper since the Relation looks more like a book than what is now considered a newspaper. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Courante uyt Italien Duytslandt &c was the first Dutch Newspaper. The newspaper Opregte Haarlemsche Courant from Haarlem, first published in 1656, is considered by some to be the oldest continuously published newspaper, though it was forced to merge with the newspaper Haarlems Dagblad in 1942 by the German occupier. in the past usually Harlem in English is a city in the Netherlands. The Haarlems Dagblad is a regional newspaper in Haarlem, the Netherlands Since then the Haarlems Dagblad appears with the subtitle Oprechte Haerlemse Courant 1656 and considers itself to be the oldest still-publishing newspaper in the world.

In the English-speaking world, Nathaniel Butter is often credited with the creation of the first news periodical in 1622. Nathaniel Butter (died February 22, 1664) was a London publisher of the early 17th century The earliest papers in the United Kingdom were devoted to politics and government proceedings. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In 1702, the first daily newspaper called The Daily Courant was published. The Daily Courant was the first regular daily Newspaper to be published in the United Kingdom. ^[2] In Boston in 1690, Benjamin Harris published Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick. Benjamin Harris is the name of Benjamin Harris (publisher Benjamin Harris (illustrator Benjamin G Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick was the title of the first multi-page Newspaper published in the Americas This is considered the first newspaper in the American colonies even though only one edition was published before the paper was suppressed by the government. The start of the European colonization of the Americas is typically dated to 1492 although there was at least one earlier colonization effort In 1704, the governor allowed the Boston News-Letter to be published and it became the first “continuously published” newspaper in the colonies. First published on April 17 1704, The Boston News-Letter is regarded as the first continuously published Newspaper in British North America. Soon after, weekly papers began publishing in New York and Philadelphia. These early newspapers followed the British format and were usually four pages long. They mostly carried news from Britain and content depended on the editor’s interests. In 1783, the Pennsylvania Evening Post became the first American daily. In 1751, John Bushell’s Halifax Gazette became the first Canadian newspaper. John Bushell (March 18 1715 - c January 22 1761) was the first printer in what is now Canada. The Halifax Gazette was Canada 's first Newspaper, established on March 23 1752 in Halifax Nova Scotia, it was published By the early 19th century, many cities in Western and Eastern Europe, as well as North and South America, published newspaper-type publications though not all of them developed in the same way; content was vastly shaped by regional and cultural preferences. ^[3]

Advances in printing technology during the Industrial Revolution were responsible for turning the newspaper into a widely circulated means of communication. Kaiyuan Za Bao, or Kaiyuan Chao Pao, Bulletin of the Court, was one of the world's first Newspapers It was first published The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the In 1814, The Times of London acquired a printing press capable of making 1,100 impressions per minute. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. ^[4] Soon, it was adapted to print on both sides of a page at once. This innovation made newspapers cheaper and thus available to a larger part of the population. In 1833, Benjamin Day printed the first penny press newspaper, The New York Sun. Benjamin Henry Day (1810 &ndash 1889 was a US Illustrator and printer Penny press Newspapers were cheap Tabloid -style papers produced in the middle of the 19th century The Sun was a New York newspaper that was published from 1833 until 1950 Penny press papers cost about one sixth the price of other newspapers and appealed to a wider audience. ^[5]

Recent developments on the Internet are, however, posing major challenges to the business model of many newspapers. Paid circulation is declining in most countries, and advertising revenue, which makes up the bulk of most newspapers’ income, is shifting from print to online, resulting in a general decline in newspaper profits. This has led to some predictions that newspapers will shrink or even disappear, although new media technologies such as radio and television never supplanted print media.

Categories

A daily newspaper is issued every day, sometimes with the exception of Sundays and some national holidays. This is the list of holidays by country. Most Holidays are mentioned although some are not Public holidays Albania Saturday and, where they exist, Sunday editions of daily newspapers tend to be larger, include more specialized sections and advertising inserts, and cost more. Typically, the majority of these newspapers’ staff work Monday to Friday, so the Sunday and Monday editions largely depend on content done in advance or content that is syndicated. Most daily newspapers are published in the morning. Afternoon or evening papers are aimed more at commuters and office workers.

Weekly newspapers are common and tend to be smaller than daily papers. A weekly newspaper is a publication that is published on a non-daily schedule - usually once a week although twice-a-week papers are also common In some cases, there also are newspapers that are published twice or three times a week. In the United States, such newspapers are generally still classified as weeklies.

Most nations have at least one newspaper that circulates throughout the whole country: a national newspaper, as contrasted with a local newspaper serving a city or region. In the United Kingdom, there are numerous national newspapers, including The Independent, The Times, The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Observer, The Daily Mail, The Sun, The Daily Express and The Daily Mirror. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The The Daily Mail is a British newspaper currently published in a tabloid format The Sun is a Tabloid daily newspaper published in the United Kingdom and Ireland with the highest circulation of any daily English-language The Daily Express is a conservative Middle-market British Tabloid Newspaper. The Daily Mirror, often referred to simply as The Mirror, is a British Tabloid daily Newspaper founded in 1903 In the United States and Canada, there are few truly national newspapers, with the notable exceptions The Wall Street Journal and USA Today in the US and The Globe and Mail and The National Post in Canada. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. The Globe and Mail is a Canadian English language nationally distributed Newspaper, based in Toronto and printed in six cities The National Post is a Canadian English-language national Newspaper based in Don Mills, Ontario, a district of Large metropolitan newspapers with expanded distribution networks such as The New York Times and The Washington Post can fill the role of de facto national newspapers. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D

As English has become the international language of business and technology, many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have also developed English-language editions. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States In places as varied as Jerusalem and Bombay (Mumbai), newspapers are printed to a local and international English-speaking public. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial The advent of the Internet has also allowed the non-English newspapers to put out a scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks

There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterised as international newspapers. Some, such as Christian Science Monitor and The International Herald Tribune, have always had that focus, while others are repackaged national newspapers or “international editions” of national-scale or large metropolitan newspapers. The Christian Science Monitor (CSM is an international Newspaper published daily Monday through Friday The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international Newspaper Often these international editions are scaled down to remove articles that might not interest the wider range of readers.

Job titles within the newspaper industry vary greatly. In the United States, the overall manager of the newspaper — sometimes also the owner — may be termed the publisher. Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view This usage is less common outside the U. S. , but throughout the English-speaking world the person responsible for content is usually referred to as the editor. Editing Language, Images or Sound through correction condensation organization and other modifications in various media Variations on this title such as editor-in-chief, executive editor, and so on, are common.

While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly business newspapers and sports newspapers. More specialist still are some weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited areas; these may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant populations, or the local gay community.

Newspapers often refine distribution of ads and news through zoning and editioning. Zoning occurs when advertising and editorial content change to reflect the location to which the product is delivered. The editorial content often may change merely to reflect changes in advertising — the quantity and layout of which affects the space available for editorial — or may contain region-specific news. In rare instances, the advertising may not change from one zone to another, but there will be different region-specific editorial content. As the content can vary widely, zoned editions are often produced in parallel.

Editioning occurs in the main sections as news is updated throughout the night. The advertising is usually the same in each edition (with the exception of zoned regionals, in which it is often the ‘B’ section of local news that undergoes advertising changes). As each edition represents the latest news available for the next press run, these editions are produced linearly, with one completed edition being copied and updated for the next edition. The previous edition is always copied to maintain a Newspaper of Record and to fall back on if a quick correction is needed for the press. For example, both the New York Times and Wall Street Journal offer a regional edition, printed through a local contractor, and featuring locale specific content. The Journal’s global advertising rate card provides a good example of editioning. A rate card is a document containing prices and descriptions for the various ad placement options available from a media outlet [1]

Format

Most modern newspapers are in one of three sizes:

• Broadsheets: 600 mm by 380 mm (23½ by 15 inches), generally associated with more intellectual newspapers, although a trend towards “compact” newspapers is changing this. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Broadsheet is the largest of the various Newspaper formats and is characterized by long vertical pages (typically 22 inches or more Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. An intellectual (from the adjective meaning "involving thought and reason" is a person who tries to use his or her Intelligence and analytical thinking,
• Tabloids: half the size of broadsheets at 380 mm by 300 mm (15 by 11¾ inches), and often perceived as sensationalist in contrast to broadsheets. A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest Sensationalism is a manner of being extremely Controversial, loud or attention grabbing Examples: The Sun, The National Enquirer, The National Ledger, The Star Magazine, New York Post, The Globe.
• Berliner or Midi: 470 mm by 315 mm (18½ by 12¼ inches) used by European papers such as Le Monde in France, La Stampa in Italy, El Pais in Spain and, since 12 September 2005, The Guardian in the United Kingdom. Berliner, or " midi " is a Newspaper format with pages normally measuring about 470 mm × 315 mm (18½  in × 12 Berliner, or " midi " is a Newspaper format with pages normally measuring about 470 mm × 315 mm (18½  in × 12 Le Monde (The World is a This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. La Stampa (literally “The Press” is one of the best-known and most widely sold Italian daily Newspapers Published in Turin, it is distributed Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Newspapers are usually printed on inexpensive, off-white paper known as newsprint. Since the 1980s, the newspaper industry has largely moved away from lower-quality letterpress printing to higher-quality, four-color process, offset printing. Letterpress printing is a term for Printing text with Movable type, in which the raised surface of the type is Inked and then pressed against a smooth CMYK (short for '''c'''yan, '''m'''agenta, '''y'''ellow, and k ey ( Black) and often referred to as process color Offset printing is a commonly used Printing technique where the Inked image is transferred (or "offset" from a plate to a rubber blanket then to the In addition, desktop computers, word processing software, graphics software, digital cameras and digital prepress and typesetting technologies have revolutionized the newspaper production process. A desktop computer is a Personal computer (PC in a form intended for regular use at a single location as opposed to a mobile Laptop or portable computer In Computer graphics, graphics software or image editing software is a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate visual images Many compact digital still cameras can record Sound and moving Video as well as still Photograph. Prepress is the term used in the Printing and Publishing industries for the processes and procedures that occur between the procurement of a written manuscript and Typesetting involves the presentation of textual material in graphic form on Paper or some other medium. These technologies have enabled newspapers to publish color photographs and graphics, as well as innovative layouts and better design.

To help their titles stand out on newsstands, some newspapers are printed on coloured newsprint. For example, the Financial Times is printed on a distinctive salmon pink paper, and the Italian sports newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport is printed on pink paper. The Financial Times ( FT) is a British international business Newspaper. La Gazzetta dello Sport is an Italian Newspaper dedicated to coverage of various Sports It was first published on 3 April 1896 Sheffield’s weekly sports publication derives its name, the “Green ’Un”, from the traditional colour of its paper, while L'Équipe (formerly L’Auto) is printed on yellow paper. Sheffield ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England The Green 'Un ("Green One" is a weekly sports Newspaper published on Saturday evenings in Sheffield, England its name deriving from the light green L'Équipe ( French for "the team" is a French nationwide daily Newspaper devoted to Sports The paper is noted for coverage Both the latter promoted major cycling races and their newsprint colours were reflected in the colours of the jerseys used to denote the race leader; thus, the leader in the Giro d'Italia wears a pink jersey. Cycling is the use of Bicycles or - less commonly - Unicycles Tricycles Quadricycles and other similar wheeled Human powered vehicles The Giro d'Italia ( Tour of Italy) also simply known as The Giro, is a long distance Road bicycle racing Stage race for professional

Online-only

Main article: Online newspaper

With the introduction of the Internet, web-based 'newspapers' have also started to be produced as online-only publications, like the Southport Reporter^[6]. An online newspaper, also known as a web newspaper, is a Newspaper that exists on the World Wide Web or Internet, either separately or as an Southport Reporter, an Online newspaper started by Patrick Trollope is seen as the UK's first online-only regional Newspaper. To be a Web-Only newspaper they must be web published only and must not be part of or have any connection to hard-copy formats. To be classed as an Online Only Newspaper, the paper must also be regularly updated at a regular time and keep to a fixed news format, like a hardcopy newspaper. They must also be only published by professional media companies and regarded under the national/international press rules and regulations ^[7] unlike blog ^[8] sites and other news websites, it is run as a newspaper and is recognized by media groups in the UK, like the NUJ and/or the IFJ. A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> International Federation of Journalists, IFJ, is Global union Also they fall under the UK’s PCC rules.

Electronic paper

In 2006, the Flemish daily De Tijd of Antwerp field tested a version of the publication using electronic paper - in which text can be changed, like an online site, but is portable and show on a paper-like substrate - to a few hundred selected subscribers. The terms Fleming and Flemings ( Vlaming and Vlamingen in Dutch) denote respectively a person and people and the Flemings or De Tijd ( English: The Times) formerly De Financieel-Economische Tijd ( The Financial Economical Times) is a Belgian ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the Electronic paper, also called e-paper, is a display technology designed to mimic the appearance of ordinary Ink on Paper. [2]

Circulation and readership

Main articles: List of newspapers in the World by circulation and Newspaper circulation

The number of copies distributed, either on an average day or on particular days (typically Sunday), is called the newspaper’s circulation and is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. This is a list of the daily Newspapers in the World by average circulation A Newspaper 's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day Circulation is not necessarily the same as copies sold, since some copies or newspapers are distributed without cost. Readership figures may be higher than circulation figures because many copies are read by more than one person, although this is offset by the number of copies distributed but not read (especially for those distributed free).

According to the Guinness Book of Records, the daily circulation of the Soviet newspaper Trud exceeded 21,500,000 in 1990, while the Soviet weekly Argumenty i fakty boasted the circulation of 33,500,000 in 1991. Paddington is an area of the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U Trud (Tpyд in Russian, meaning "labour" is one of Russia ’s largest-circulation daily Newspapers It also publishes a weekend edition Argumenty i Fakty ("Аргументы и факты" commonly abbreviated "АиФ" - English Arguments and Facts) is a weekly newspaper

According to United Nations data from 1995 Japan has three daily papers —the Asahi Shimbun, Mainichi Shimbun and Yomiuri Shimbun— with circulations well above 4 million. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The is the second most circulated out of the five national Newspapers in Japan; the other four are the Yomiuri Shimbun, the Mainichi Shimbun The is one of the major Newspapers in Japan, published by. History The history of the Mainichi Shinbun begins with founding of two papers The is a Japanese Newspaper published in Tokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka, and other major Japanese cities Germany’s Bild, with a circulation of 4. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Bild (formerly Bild-Zeitung, lit Picture Newspaper) is a German Newspaper published by Axel Springer AG. 5 million, was the only other paper in that category.

In the United Kingdom, The Sun is the top seller, with around 3. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Sun is a Tabloid daily newspaper published in the United Kingdom and Ireland with the highest circulation of any daily English-language 2 million copies distributed daily (late-2004).

In India, The Times of India is the largest English newspaper, with 2. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India. 14 million copies daily. According to the 2006 National Readership Study, the Dainik Jagran is the most-read, local-language (Hindi) newspaper, with 21. 2 million readers [3].

In the U. S. , USA Today has a daily circulation of approximately 2 million, making it the most widely distributed paper in the country. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company.

A common measure of a newspaper’s health is market penetration, expressed as a percentage of households that receive a copy of the newspaper against the total number of households in the paper’s market area. In the 1920s, on a national basis in the U. S. , daily newspapers achieved market penetration of 130 percent (meaning the average U. S. household received 1. 3 newspapers). As other media began to compete with newspapers, and as printing became easier and less expensive giving rise to a greater diversity of publications, market penetration began to decline. It wasn’t until the early 1970s, however, that market penetration dipped below 100 percent. By 2000, it was 53 percent 1.

Many paid-for newspapers offer a variety of subscription plans. For example, someone might want only a Sunday paper, or perhaps only Sunday and Saturday, or maybe only a workweek subscription, or perhaps a daily subscription.

Some newspapers provide some or all of their content on the Internet, either at no cost or for a fee. In some cases, free access is available only for a matter of days or weeks, after which readers must register and provide personal data. In other cases, free archives are provided.

Advertising

Most newspapers make a majority of their income from advertising; the income from the customer’s payment at the news-stand is small in comparison. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand The portion of the newspaper that is not advertising is called editorial content, editorial matter, or simply editorial, although the last term is also used to refer specifically to those articles in which the newspaper and its guest writers express their opinions.

Newspapers have been hurt by the decline of many traditional advertisers. Department stores and supermarkets could be relied upon in the past to buy pages of newspaper advertisements, but due to industry consolidation are much less likely to do so now. ^[9][4]

In recent years, the advertorial emerged. An advertorial is an Advertisement written in the form of an objective opinion Editorial, and presented in a printed publication — usually designed to Advertorials are most commonly recognized as an opposite-editorial which third-parties pay a fee to have included in the paper. An editorial, leader (UK or leading article (UK is an article in a Newspaper or Magazine that expresses the opinion of the Editor Advertorials commonly advertise new products or techniques, such as a new design for golf equipment, a new form of laser surgery, or weight-loss drugs. An advertorial is an Advertisement written in the form of an objective opinion Editorial, and presented in a printed publication — usually designed to Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand The tone is usually closer to that of a press release than of an objective news story. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News News style (also journalistic style or news writing) is the particular Prose style used for News reporting (ie

Journalism

Since newspapers began as a journal (record of current events), the profession involved in the making of newspapers began to be called journalism. Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people

In the yellow journalism era of the 19th century, many newspapers in the United States relied on sensational stories that were meant to anger or excite the public, rather than to inform. Yellow journalism is Journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers The restrained style of reporting that relies on fact checking and accuracy regained popularity around World War II.

Criticism of journalism is varied and sometimes vehement. Credibility is questioned because of anonymous sources; errors in facts, spelling, and grammar; real or perceived bias; and scandals involving plagiarism and fabrication. Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language. Bias is a term used to describe a Tendency or Preference towards a particular perspective, Ideology or result especially when the tendency interferes Plagiarism is the unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work

In the past, newspapers have often been owned by so-called press barons, and were used either as a rich man’s toy, or a political tool. A media proprietor is a person who controls either through personal ownership or a dominant position in a Public company, a significant part of the Mass media. This article is about playthings For other uses of the term see Toy (disambiguation. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions More recently in the United States, a number of newspapers (and all of the largest ones) are being run by large media corporations such as Gannett, The McClatchy Company, Hearst Corporation, Cox, LandMark, Morris Corporation, The Tribune Company, Hollinger International, News Corporation, etc. Gannett Company Inc ( is a publicly-traded media Holding company based in the United States. The McClatchy Company is an American Publishing company based in Sacramento California, that operates a number of Newspapers and Websites Hearst Communications Inc is a privately-held American -based Media conglomerate based in the Hearst Tower in New York City, USA The Tribune Company is a large American Multimedia Corporation based in Chicago Illinois. Hollinger Inc ( is based in Toronto, Ontario Canada. It is the parent company of Chicago-based Sun-Times Media Group, whose primary holdings News Corporation (often abbreviated to News Corp) (,,) is one of the world's largest media conglomerate companies by Market capitalisation

Newspapers have, in the modern world, played an important role in the exercise of freedom of expression. Whistle-blowers, and those who “leak” stories of corruption in political circles often choose to inform newspapers before other mediums of communication, relying on the perceived willingness of newspaper editors to expose the secrets and lies of those who would rather cover them. However, there have been many circumstances of the political autonomy of newspapers being curtailed.

Opinions of other writers and readers are expressed in the op-ed (“opposite the editorial page”) and letters to the editors sections of the paper. An editorial, leader (UK or leading article (UK is an article in a Newspaper or Magazine that expresses the opinion of the Editor A letter to the editor (sometimes abbreviated LTTE or LTE) is a letter sent to a Publication about issues of concern to its readers

Some ways newspapers have tried to improve their credibility are: appointing ombudsmen, developing ethics policies and training, using more stringent corrections policies, communicating their processes and rationale with readers, and asking sources to review articles after publication. An ombudsman ( English plural conventionally ombudsmen) is an official usually (but not always appointed by the government or by parliament who is charged with

Future

The future of newspapers is cloudy, with overall readership slowly declining in most developed countries due to increasing competition from television and the Internet. The 57th annual World Newspaper Congress, held in Istanbul in June 2004, reported circulation increases in only 35 of 208 countries studied. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Most of the increases came in developing countries, notably China and India.

A report at the gathering said circulation declined by an average of 2. 2 percent across 13 of the 15 countries that made up the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in One growth area is the distribution of free daily newspapers, which are not reflected in the above circulation data. Free daily newspapers trace their history back to the 1940s when Walnut Creek California publisher Dean Lesher began what is widely believed to be the first Led by the Metro chain of newspapers, they grew 16 percent in 2003.

Newspapers also face increased competition from internet sites such as Craigslist for classified ads, especially for jobs, real estate, and cars, the advertising of which has long been key sources of newspaper revenue as well as from online only newspapers. Craigslist is a central network of online communities featuring free online classified advertisements – with jobs internships housing personals, erotic Classified advertising is a form of Advertising which is particularly common in Newspapers, online and other Periodicals, e Already in the UK a newspaper called Southport Reporter started out in 2000 and remains online as a recognized newspaper, but only published online and others now exist through out the world. Southport Reporter, an Online newspaper started by Patrick Trollope is seen as the UK's first online-only regional Newspaper. This opens the debate as to what constitutes a newspaper.

Further information: Online Newspapers

See also

References

External links

• Google: Historic newspaper archive
• Daily showcase of newspaper front pages from around the world
• Exhibition on the Occasion of the 400th Anniversary of the Newspaper in the Gutenberg-Museum Mainz (Germany)
• NewspaperARCHIVE.com, historical newspaper database

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