Newcastle upon Tyne
The Tyne Bridge
Newcastle upon Tyne shown within Tyne and Wear
Population	259,536
OS grid reference	NZ249645
Metropolitan borough	Newcastle City Council
Metropolitan county	Tyne and Wear
Region	North East
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE
Postcode district	NE1-NE7, NE12-NE13, NE15
Dialling code	0191
Police	Northumbria
Fire	Tyne and Wear
Ambulance	North East
European Parliament	North East England
UK Parliament	Newcastle upon Tyne Central
	Newcastle upon Tyne East and Wallsend
	Newcastle upon Tyne North
	Tyne Bridge
List of places: UK • England • Tyne and Wear

Coordinates: 54°58′26″N 1°36′48″W / 54.974, -1.6132

Newcastle upon Tyne (pronunciation (help·info)) (usually shortened to Newcastle) is a city in Tyne and Wear, England, historically part of the English county of Northumberland. The Tyne Bridge is a Compression arch suspended-deck bridge over the River Tyne in North East England, linking Newcastle upon Tyne In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government Newcastle City Council is the City council for the metropolitan borough of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, in north-east England. Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The NE postcode area, also known as the Newcastle upon Tyne postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Alnwick, Ashington, Bamburgh The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Northumbria Police is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the areas of Northumberland and Tyne and Wear in England. The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service, formerly Tyne and Wear Metropolitan Fire Brigade is the Statutory fire and rescue service covering the The North East Ambulance Service NHS Trust (NEAS is the authority responsible for providing NHS Ambulance services in North East England, covering North East England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Newcastle upon Tyne Central is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Newcastle upon Tyne East and Wallsend is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Newcastle upon Tyne North is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Tyne Bridge is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of cities, Towns and Villages in the ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear, England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. The counties of England are territorial divisions of England for the purposes of administrative political and geographical demarcation Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west ^[1] The city lies on the banks of the River Tyne. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. The city owes its name to the Norman castle built in 1080, by Robert II of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages

Newcastle was historically a Roman settlement. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a The city is also an educational centre, with two universities.

The city was founded in the 2nd century, during the times of Roman occupation, under the name Pons Aelius. The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Pons Aelius (or Newcastle Roman Fort) was an auxiliary Castra and small Roman settlement on Hadrian's Wall in the Roman province The medieval Latin name is Novum Castrum super Tynum (Newcastle upon Tyne). The city is the 20th most populous in England; the larger Tyneside conurbation, of which Newcastle forms part, is the sixth most populous conurbation in the United Kingdom. This is a list of the largest cities and towns of England ordered by population. Tyneside is a Conurbation in northern England, which is home to over 80% of the Metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. A Conurbation is formed when towns expand sufficiently that their urban areas join up with each other ^[2] Newcastle is a member of the English Core Cities Group^[3] and (with Gateshead) the Eurocities network of European cities. The English Core Cities Group is an association of eight large regional cities in England: Birmingham (region of West Midlands) Gateshead is a Metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, in north-east England. The Eurocities network was founded in 1986 by Mayors from six large European cities ^[4]

People from Newcastle and surrounding areas are commonly called Geordies. Geordie (ˈdʒɔrdi is a regional nickname for a person from the Tyneside region of England, or the name of the Dialect of English The Latin term Novocastrian can equally be applied to residents of any place called Newcastle. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early development 1.2 Urban development 1.3 Recent developments 2 Governance 3 Geography 4 Demography 4.1 Population 4.2 Health 5 Transport and infrastructure 5.1 National and international 5.1.1 Air 5.1.2 Rail 5.1.3 Road 5.1.4 Water 5.2 Local 5.2.1 Bus 5.2.2 Metro 5.2.3 Cycle 6 Education 7 Religious sites 8 Sport 9 Culture 9.1 Dialect 9.2 Nightlife 9.3 Theatre 9.4 Festivals and fairs 9.5 Shopping 9.6 Music 9.6.1 Bands and musicians 9.6.2 Dance music 9.6.3 Venues 9.7 Media 10 Notable people 11 Museums and places of interest 11.1 In Newcastle 11.2 In the surrounding area 12 Twin cities 13 Foreign consulates 14 Gallery 15 References 16 See also 17 External links

History

Main article: History of Newcastle upon Tyne

Early development

The first settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius, designating the bridge across the Tyne and given the family name of the Roman Emperor Hadrian who founded it in the 2nd century AD. The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2000 years during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Saxons and the Danes Pons Aelius (or Newcastle Roman Fort) was an auxiliary Castra and small Roman settlement on Hadrian's Wall in the Roman province The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The population of Pons Aelius at this period was estimated at 2,000. Hadrian's Wall is still visible in parts of Newcastle, particularly along the West Road. Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman (The course of the "Roman Wall" can also be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort in Wallsend - the wall's end). Segedunum ("strong fort" was a Roman fort at modern-day Wallsend, Tyne and Wear, England, UK. The Latin word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military Wallsend is a town in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. The extent of Hadrian's Wall was 73 miles (117 km), spanning the width of Britain; the wall incorporated Agricola's Ditch^[5] and was constructed primarily to prevent unwanted immigration from the north, not as a fighting line for a major invasion. ^[6]

After the Roman withdrawal from Britain, Newcastle became part of the powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria, and became known throughout this period as Monkchester. The Roman departure from Britain was completed by 410. The Archaeological records of the final decades of Roman rule show undeniable signs of decay For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south After a series of conflicts with the Danes and the devastation north of the River Tyne inflicted by Odo of Bayeux after the 1080 rebellion against the Normans, Monkchester was all but destroyed. The term Dane may refer to People with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity whether living in Denmark, emigrants or the descendants of emigrants The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. Odo of Bayeux (c 1036 &ndash February 1097 Palermo) Norman Bishop and English earl was the half-brother of William the Conqueror, and was for The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. Because of its strategic position, Robert Curthose, son of William the Conqueror, erected a wooden castle there in the year 1080 and the town was henceforth known as Novum Castellum or New Castle. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages

Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress. A 25-foot (7. 6 m) high stone wall was built around the town in the 13th century, to defend it from invaders during the Border war against Scotland. The Newcastle town wall is a medieval Defensive wall, and Scheduled Ancient Monument, in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The border country is the area either side of the Anglo-Scottish border including parts of the modern Council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and the Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Scots king William the Lion was imprisoned in Newcastle in 1174, and Edward I brought the Stone of Scone and William Wallace south through the town. William I ( Mediaeval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric; Modern Gaelic Uilleam mac Eanraig) known as the Lion or Garbh, "the Rough" Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 popularly known as Longshanks, was a King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost The Stone of Scone (ˈskuːn also commonly known as the Stone of Destiny or the Coronation Stone is an oblong block of red Sandstone, about by by in Sir William Wallace ( Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam Uallas; c 1272 – 23 August 1305 was a Scottish Knight, Landowner, and Patriot Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century, and around this time became a county corporate. A county corporate or corporate county was a form of Local government in England, Ireland and Wales.

From 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal from Tyneside to Newcastle quayside, giving a monopoly in the coal trade to a cartel of Newcastle burgesses known as the Hostmen. The Hostmen of Newcastle upon Tyne were a Cartel of businessmen who formed a monopoly to control the export of Coal from the River Tyne in This monopoly, which lasted for a considerable time, helped Newcastle prosper, but it had its impact on the growth of near-neighbours Sunderland, causing a Tyneside and a Wearside rivalry that still exists. Sunderland (, or /ˈsʌn(dlən/ is a City in Tyne and Wear, England. In the Sandgate area, to the east of the city and beside the river, resided the close-knit community of keelmen and their families. The Keelmen of Tyne and Wear were a group of men who worked on the keels large boats that carried the coal from the banks of both rivers to the waiting collier ships They were so called because they worked on the keels, boats that were used to transfer coal from the river banks to the waiting colliers, for export to London and elsewhere. During the English Civil War, Newcastle supported the king and in 1644 was stormed ('with roaring drummes') by Cromwell's Scots allies, based in pro-Parliament Sunderland. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known The grateful King bestowed the motto "Fortiter Defendit Triumphans" ("Triumphing by a brave defence") upon the town. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Ironically, Charles was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646-7.

In the 18th century, Newcastle was the country's largest print centre after London, Oxford and Cambridge, and the Literary and Philosophical Society of 1793, with its erudite debates and large stock of books in several languages, predated the London Library by half a century. The Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle Upon Tyne (or the Lit & Phil as it is popularly known is a historical library in Newcastle upon Tyne, The London Library is the world's largest independent lending library. Newcastle also became the greatest glass producer in the world.

Newcastle's development as a major city, however, owed most to its central role in the export of coal. The phrase taking coals to Newcastle was first recorded in 1538. In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Innovation in Newcastle and surrounding areas included the development of safety lamps, Stephenson's Rocket, Lord Armstrong's artillery, Be-Ro flour, Joseph Swan's electric light bulbs, and Charles Parsons' invention of the steam turbine, which led to the revolution of marine propulsion and the production of cheap electricity. The Davy lamp is a Safety lamp containing a candle devised in 1815 by Sir Humphry Davy. Replica Rocket and coachjpg|thumb|right|A replica coach and Rocket at the Rocket 150 event]] Stephenson's Rocket was an early Steam locomotive of 0-2-2 Sir William George Armstrong 1st Baron Armstrong ( November 26 1810 &ndash December 27 1900) was a Tyneside industrialist who Sir Joseph Wilson Swan ( October 31, 1828 – May 27, 1914) was an English Physicist and Chemist, most famous " Electric Light " is a song by Infernal, scheduled to be their next single after " Whenever You Need Me " off their album Electric Sir Charles Algernon Parsons, OM (13 June 1854 &ndash 11 February 1931 was a British Engineer, best known for his invention of the Steam turbine. A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts Thermal energy from pressurized Steam, and converts it into useful mechanical work In Electricity generation, an electrical generator is a device that converts Mechanical energy to Electrical energy, generally using Electromagnetic

Heavy industries in Newcastle declined in the second half of the 20th century; office and retail employment are now the city's staples. Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to Light industry.

Urban development

The city has an extensive neoclassical centre, largely developed in the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson, and recently extensively restored. Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century both as a reaction against the Rococo Richard Grainger (1797-1861 was a builder in Newcastle upon Tyne. John Dobson (1787 &ndash 1865 was a 19th century English Architect in the neoclassical tradition Grey Street, which curves down from Grey's Monument towards the valley of the River Tyne, was voted as England's finest street in 2005 in a survey of BBC Radio 4 listeners. Grey Street is a street in Newcastle upon Tyne, England It is renowned for its Georgian architecture by John Dobson, and was in 2002 voted 'Best street Grey's Monument is a Grade I listed monument to Charles Grey 2nd Earl Grey built in 1838 in the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. A portion of Grainger Town was demolished in the 1960s to make way for the Eldon Square Shopping Centre, including all but one side of the original Eldon Square itself. Grainger Town is the historic heart of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Old Eldon Square is a Public square in the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors

Immediately to the northwest of the city centre is Leazes Park, established in 1873 after a petition by 3,000 working men of the city for "ready access to some open ground for the purpose of health and recreation". Leazes Park is a park in Newcastle upon Tyne. It lies to the west of the city centre Just outside one corner of this is St James' Park, the stadium home of Newcastle United F.C. which dominates the view of the city from all directions. St James' Park is an All-seater stadium in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom. Newcastle United Football Club (also known as The Magpies or The Toon) is an English football club based in Newcastle upon

Another green space in Newcastle is the vast Town Moor, lying immediately north of the city centre. A green belt or greenbelt is a policy or land use designation used in Land use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped wild or agricultural land The Town Moor is a large area of Common land in Newcastle upon Tyne. It is larger than Hyde Park and Hampstead Heath put together and the freemen of the city have the right to graze cattle on it. Hyde Park is one of the largest Parks in central London, England and one of the Royal Parks of London, famous for its Speakers' Corner Hampstead Heath (locally known as "the Heath" is London 's largest ancient parkland covering 3 Freedom of the City is an honour bestowed by some municipalities in Australia, Canada, Ireland, France, Italy, New Zealand Unlike other cities where similar rights exist, they often take advantage of this, leading to the somewhat bizarre sight of cattle grazing within yards of the city's town hall, Newcastle Civic Centre. Newcastle Civic Centre is a civic centre located in the Haymarket area of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The right incidentally extends to the pitch of St James' Park, Newcastle United Football Club's ground, though this is not exercised,although the Freemen do collect rent for the loss of privilege. Honorary freemen include Bob Geldof, Nelson Mandela, Alan Shearer and the Royal Shakespeare Company. Robert Frederick Zenon Geldof, KBE, known as Bob Geldof (born 5 October 1951, is an Irish singer Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (xolíɬaɬa mandéːla born 18 July 1918 is a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in fully representative Alan Shearer, OBE (born 13 August 1970 is an English retired footballer who played as a Striker in the English Premier League for The Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC is a British Theatre company The Hoppings funfair, said to be the largest travelling fair in Europe, is held here annually in June. The Hoppings is held on the Town Moor in Newcastle upon Tyne during the last week in June Traveling carnival A funfair or simply fair (eg " County fair" " state fair" is a small to medium sized traveling Fair A fair is a gathering of people to display or trade produce or other goods to parade or display animals and often to enjoy associated Carnival or Funfair entertainment In the south eastern corner is Exhibition Park, which is home to the Newcastle Military Vehicle Museum. The Exhibition Park is a short walk from Newcastle City Centre

The wooded gorge of the Ouseburn in the east of the city is known as Jesmond Dene and forms another popular recreation area, linked by Armstrong Park and Heaton Park to the Ouseburn Valley, where the river finally reaches the River Tyne. Jesmond Dene is a Public park in the east end of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne.

Newcastle was voted as the Best City in the North in April 2007 by The Daily Telegraph newspaper - beating Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield and Leeds in an online poll conducted of its readers. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Sheffield ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England ^[7]

Recent developments

The development of the city in the 1960s and 1970s saw the demolition of part of Grainger Town as a prelude to the modernist rebuilding initiatives of T. Dan Smith, the leader of Newcastle City Council. Thomas Daniel Smith ( 11 May 1915 &ndash 27 July 1993) was a British Politician who was Leader of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle City Council is the City council for the metropolitan borough of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, in north-east England. A corruption scandal was uncovered involving Smith and John Poulson, a property developer, and both were jailed. John Garlick Llewellyn Poulson ( April 14, 1910 - January 31, 1993) was a disgraced British architect who caused a major Echoes of the scandal were revisited in the late 1990s in the BBC TV mini-series, Our Friends in the North. Our Friends in the North is a British Television drama serial, produced by the BBC and originally broadcast in nine episodes

The Tyne Gorge between Newcastle on the north bank and Gateshead (an administratively separate borough) on the south bank, is famous for a series of dramatic bridges, including the Tyne Bridge of 1928 which was built by Dorman Long of Middlesbrough, and Robert Stephenson's High Level Bridge of 1849, the first road/rail bridge in the world. Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. The Tyne Bridge is a Compression arch suspended-deck bridge over the River Tyne in North East England, linking Newcastle upon Tyne Dorman Long, based in Middlesbrough, North East England, was a major Steel producer which diversified into Bridge building and is now a manufacturer Middlesbrough ( IPA ( Received pronunciation) is a Town in the Tees Valley sub-region of the North East of England Robert Stephenson FRS (16 October 1803 &ndash 12 October 1859 was an English Civil engineer. The High Level Bridge is a road and railway Bridge spanning the River Tyne between Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead in North East Large-scale regeneration has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments; an innovative tilting bridge, the Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead and has integrated the older Newcastle Quayside more closely with major cultural developments in Gateshead, including the BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art and the Norman Foster-designed The Sage Gateshead music centre. Urban Renewal (similar to Urban Regeneration in British English) is a controversial U The Gateshead Millennium Bridge is a pedestrian and cyclist Tilt bridge spanning the River Tyne in England between Gateshead on the south Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. The Quayside is the area along the banks of the River Tyne between Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead in North East England. The Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art (BALTIC is an international centre for Contemporary art located on the south bank of the River Tyne alongside the Norman Robert Foster Baron Foster of Thames Bank, OM, FRIBA, RDI, (born 1 June 1935) is a British architect whose company The Sage Gateshead is a centre for musical education performance and conferences located in Gateshead on the south bank of the River Tyne, in the north-east Newcastle & Gateshead Quayside is now a thriving, cosmopolitan area with an abundance of bars, restaurants and public spaces. As a tourist promotion, Newcastle and Gateshead have linked together under the banner "NewcastleGateshead", to spearhead the regeneration of the north east. NewcastleGateshead is a brand-name associated with the joint promotion of Culture, Business and Tourism within the Conurbation formed

Notable Newcastle housing developments include Ralph Erskine's the Byker Wall designed in the 1960s and now Grade II* listed. Housing developments are structured building development of residential properties Ralph Erskine is the name of Ralph Erskine (architect, British-Swedish architect Ralph Erskine (preacher, the eighteenth century Scottish The Byker Wall is the name given to a long unbroken block of 620 Maisonettes in the Byker district of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance It is on UNESCO's list of outstanding 20th century buildings. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16

Newcastle's thriving Chinatown lies in the north-west of Grainger Town, centred on Stowell Street. A Chinatown is a section of an urban area with a large number of Chinese outside the majority-Chinese countries of Greater China. Grainger Town is the historic heart of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. A new Chinese arch, or paifang, providing a landmark entrance, was handed over to the city with a ceremony in 2005. Paifang ( Cantonese Transliteration: paaifong) also called pailou (Cantonese transliteration paailau) is a traditional Chinese

The UK's first biotechnology village, the "Centre for Life" is located in the city centre close to the Newcastle Central railway station. The Centre for Life is a science centre located in the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Newcastle Central railway station is the mainline railway station in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England and is a principal stop on the East Coast The village is the first step in the City Council's plans to transform Newcastle into a science city. ^[8]

Governance

Main article: Newcastle City Council

Newcastle is governed using the leader and cabinet system, and the executive is Liberal Democrat, as they have 48 councillors against the Labour Party's 30. Newcastle Civic Centre is a civic centre located in the Haymarket area of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Newcastle City Council is the City council for the metropolitan borough of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, in north-east England. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the A councillor or councilor ( Cllr, Coun, Clr or Cr for short is a member of a Local government council such as a The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the No other parties hold seats on the city's council. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation ^[9]

For the purposes of City Council elections, Newcastle is divided into 26 electoral wards. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district ^[10]

Benwell and Scotswood Blakelaw Byker Castle Dene Denton Elswick Fawdon Fenham Gosforth (East and West) Heaton (North and South) Jesmond (North and South)

Kenton Lemington Newburn Ouseburn Parklands Walker Walkergate Westerhope Westgate Wingrove Woolsington

Geography

Newcastle is situated in the North East of England, in the ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear and the historical and traditional county of Northumberland. Benwell and Scotswood is an electoral ward of Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. Blakelaw is an electoral ward situated in the West End of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. Byker is an Inner city electoral ward in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. Castle is a ward of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. Dene is a electoral ward of Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. Denton is a electoral ward of Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. Elswick is a ward of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, in the western part of the borough bordering the River Tyne. Fawdon is a electoral ward of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. It is close to the A1 western bypass Fenham is an area of the west end of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Gosforth is an area of Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England to the north of the city centre East Gosforth also known as Gosforth East is an electoral ward in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear. West Gosforth is an electoral ward in the north of Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear. Heaton is located in the east end of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, approximately 2 miles from the City Centre Jesmond is a residential suburb and electoral ward just north of the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Kenton is a suburb and electoral ward in the north west of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Distinguish from Leamington Spa. Lemington is a housing area and electoral ward of Newcastle upon Tyne in North Newburn is a semi rural village in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, in the Metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. The Ouseburn is a river which flows through Newcastle upon Tyne into the River Tyne. For other places with the same name see Parklands. Parklands is an electoral ward of Newcastle upon Tyne Walker is a residential suburb and electoral ward just east of the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Walkergate is an area and electoral ward in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear England. Westerhope is an electoral ward of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Westgate is an electoral ward of Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. Wingrove is an electoral ward of Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. Woolsington is a village and Civil parish in the metropolitan borough of Newcastle in Tyne and Wear, England. North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west The city itself is located on the northern bank of the River Tyne at a latitude of 54. The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi ( Φ) gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body north or south of the 974° N and a longitude of 1. Longitude (ˈlɒndʒɪˌtjuːd or ˈlɒŋgɪˌtjuːd symbolized by the Greek character Lambda (λ is the east-west Geographic coordinate measurement 614° W.

The geology of the area is most famous for its large deposits of coal. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Whilst the local bedrock consists mainly of carboniferous rocks, millstone grit and oolite are also present. Bedrock is the native consolidated rock underlying the surface of a terrestrial planet usually the Earth. The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359 Gritstone — otherwise called Millstone grit — is a Sedimentary rock composed of coarse sand grains with inclusions of small stones Oolite ( egg stone) is a Sedimentary rock formed from Ooids spherical grains composed of concentric layers

The climate in Newcastle is temperate, although significantly warmer than some other locations at a similar latitude due to the warming influence of the Gulf Stream (via the North Atlantic Drift). The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension towards Europe the North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful warm and swift Atlantic Ocean current that Being in the rain shadow of the North Pennines, it is among the driest cities in the UK. For the Australian television series see Rain Shadow (TV series. The North Pennines is the northernmost part of the so-called 'backbone of England ' the range of hills which runs through the centre of the northern half of England

Demography

Population

According to the UK Government's 2001 census,^[11] the city of Newcastle has a population of 189,863, whereas the unitary authority of Newcastle has a population of around 259,500. The politics of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland takes place in the framework of a Constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is Head A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions However, the metropolitan boroughs of North Tyneside (population c. A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. North Tyneside is a Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear in the North East of England. 190,000), South Tyneside (population c. South Tyneside is a Metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear in North East England. 150,000) and Gateshead (population c. Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. 200,000) are also part of the Tyneside conurbation, giving the Newcastle-Gateshead metropolitan area a population of 799,000. A conurbation is an Urban area or Agglomeration comprising a number of Cities, large Towns and larger urban areas that through Population A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central According to the same statistics, the average age of people living in Newcastle is 37. 8 (the national average being 38. 6). 93. 1% of the population are of white British ethnic background (the national average being 91. 3%). Many people in the city have Scottish and Irish ancestors. There is a strong presence of Border Reiver surnames, such as Armstrong, Robson, Charlton, Kerr, Elliot, Hall etc. Border Reivers were raiders along the Anglo - Scottish border ( Border country) for nearly three hundred years from the late 13th century Other ethnic groups in Newcastle, in order of population size, are Pakistani at 1. In Population genetics and Population ecology, population size (usually denoted N) is the number of individual Organisms in a Population Pakistan 's estimated population was 172800000 in July 2008 During 1950-2008 Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold while the total population increased by over fourfold 9% and Indians at 1. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country 2%. There are also small but significant Chinese, Jewish and Eastern European (Polish, Czech Roma) populations.

The city is largely Christian at 70. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 6%; Muslims are 3. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion 6%,^[12] and a large number (over 16%) have no religion. Irreligion is a lack of religion indifference to religion or hostility to religion

According to latest figures,^[13] the city's ethnic make-up is as follows:

• White – 90. 5%
• S. Asian – 5. 2%
• Black – 1. 1%
• Chinese – 1. 1%
• Mixed-race – 1. 2%
• Other – 0. 8%

Health

Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust has one of the lowest mortality rates in the country and is ranked seventh in the country for confidence in doctors. NHS Foundation Trusts (often referred to as "foundation hospitals" are hospitals which are part of the National Health Service in England. Newcastle has three large teaching hospitals: the Royal Victoria Infirmary, the Newcastle General Hospital and the Freeman Hospital, which is also a pioneering centre for transplant surgery. The Royal Victoria Infirmary ( RVI) in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, was opened on 11 July 1906 by Edward VII on ten acres Newcastle General Hospital (NGH was for many years the main Hospital for the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, and is managed by Newcastle upon Tyne The Freeman Hospital is an 800-bed tertiary referral centre in Newcastle upon Tyne, England The hospital is managed by the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals

In a report, published in early February 2007 by the Ear Institute at the University College London, and Widex, a Danish hearing aid manufacturer, Newcastle was named as the noisiest city in the whole of the UK, with an average level of 80. University College London ( UCL) is a multi-faculty university institution based in the United Kingdom and a constituent college of the University of London The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe 4 decibels. The decibel ( dB) is a logarithmic unit of measurement that expresses the magnitude of a physical quantity (usually power or intensity relative to The report claimed that these noise levels would have a negative long-term impact on the health of the city's residents. ^[14] The report was criticised, however, for attaching too much weight to readings at arbitrarily selected locations, which in Newcastle's case included a motorway underpass without pedestrian access. ^[15]

Transport and infrastructure

National and international

Air

Newcastle International Airport is located approximately 6 miles from the City Centre on the northern outskirts of the city near Ponteland. Grey's Monument is a Grade I listed monument to Charles Grey 2nd Earl Grey built in 1838 in the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. For the London Underground station see Bank and Monument stations Monument is a principal station on the underground The Tyne and Wear Metro is a metro system serving stations in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, South Tyneside North Tyneside and Sunderland, Newcastle Airport is located in Newcastle upon Tyne, about 6 Miles (11 km) north-west of the city centre Ponteland is a small town situated in Castle Morpeth, Northumberland. The airport handles over five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK,^[16] expecting to reach 10 million passengers by 2016, and 15 million by 2030. ^[17] As of 2007, over 90 destinations are available world-wide. ^[18]

Rail

Newcastle Central railway station is a principal stop on the East Coast Main Line and Cross Country Route. Newcastle Central railway station is the mainline railway station in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England and is a principal stop on the East Coast The East Coast Main Line ( ECML) is the electrified high-speed railway link between London and Edinburgh connecting Yorkshire, North East The North-East/South-West route (sometimes simply The Cross-Country Route) is the major British rail route running from South West England via Bristol, Birmingham Opened in 1850 by Queen Victoria, it was the first covered railway station in the world and was much copied across the UK. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland It has a neoclassical facade, originally designed by the architect John Dobson, and was constructed in collaboration with Robert Stephenson. Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century both as a reaction against the Rococo Robert Stephenson FRS (16 October 1803 &ndash 12 October 1859 was an English Civil engineer. ^[19][20] The first services were operated by the North Eastern Railway company. The North Eastern Railway (NER unlike many other of the pre-Grouping companies had a relatively compact territory having the district it covered to itself The city's other mainline station, Manors, is to the east of the city centre. Manors railway station is located in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England.

Train operator National Express East Coast^[21] provides a half-hourly frequency of trains to London, with a journey time of a about three hours. National Express East Coast is the name under which the Train operating company NXEC Trains Ltd operates the InterCity East Coast rail franchise which King's Cross station is a major railway terminus opened in 1852 ^[22] CrossCountry and First TransPennine Express operate regular services to many major destinations, whereas Northern Rail provides local and regional services. CrossCountry is a Train operating company, the brand name of XC Trains Limited owned by Arriva, that has operated Great Britain ’s Cross Country rail franchise First TransPennine Express is a train operating company in the United Kingdom. Northern Rail (often referred to simply as Northern) is a Train operating company that has operated local passenger services in the north of England

Road

Major roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London; the A19 heading south past Sunderland and Middlesbrough to York and Doncaster; the A69 heading west to Carlisle; the A167, the old "Great North Road", heading south to Gateshead, Chester-le-Street, Durham and Darlington; and the A1058 "Coast Road", which runs from Jesmond to the east coast between Tynemouth and Cullercoats. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The A19 is a major Road in England, running parallel to and east of the A1 road. Sunderland (, or /ˈsʌn(dlən/ is a City in Tyne and Wear, England. Middlesbrough ( IPA ( Received pronunciation) is a Town in the Tees Valley sub-region of the North East of England York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. Doncaster is a large town in South Yorkshire, England and the principal settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster. The A69 is a major Road in England running east-west across the Pennines, through the counties of Northumberland and Cumbria. Carlisle (pronounced CARLYLE(emphasis on the first syllable is a City in northern England the largest settlement in Cumbria. The A167 is a Road in North East England. Most of its route was formerly the A1 as most of it is the original route of the Great North Road until Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. Chester-le-Street is the main town in the Chester-le-Street district of County Durham, England. Durham (ˈdʌrəm in RP, locally ˈdʏrəm is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham, England Darlington is a town in County Durham, England and the main population centre in the Borough of Darlington. The A1058 or the Coast Road is a major road in North Tyneside. Jesmond is a residential suburb and electoral ward just north of the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. This article concerns itself with the village For the Parliament constituency of the same name see Tynemouth (UK Parliament constituency Tynemouth Cullercoats is an urban area of North East England, with a population 9407 in 2004 Many of these designations are recent—upon completion of the Western Bypass, and its designation as the new line of the A1, the roads between this and the former line through the Tyne Tunnel were renumbered, with many city centre roads changing from a 6-prefix^[23] to their present 1-prefix numbers. The Tyne Tunnel is a two-lane toll vehicular Tunnel under the River Tyne England, completed in 1967 and connecting The Great Britain road numbering scheme is a Numbering system used to classify and identify all Roads in Great Britain.

Water

Newcastle has access to an international Ferry Terminal, at North Shields, which offers services to destinations including Amsterdam, Stavanger, Haugesund and Bergen. See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and North Shields (or locally just Shields) is a town on the north bank of the River Tyne, in the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside, in North Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west is a city and municipality in the county of Rogaland, Norway. is a city and municipality in the county of Rogaland, Norway. is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell ^[24] A ferry to Gothenburg, Sweden, operated by Danish DFDS Seaways, ceased crossing at the end of October 2006. Gothenburg ( Swedish:) /jœte'bɔrj/ is a city, a municipality, and an urban area on the west-coast of Sweden. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe DFDS A/S, an abbreviation of Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab (literally The United Steamship Company) is a Danish Shipping company. The company cited high fuel prices and new competition from low-cost air services as the cause. DFDS Seaways' sister company, DFDS Tor Line, will continue to run scheduled freight ships between Gothenburg and several English ports, with limited capacity for passengers. Cargo (or freight) refers to goods or produce transported generally for Commercial gain by ship, aircraft, train, ^[25]

Local

Bus

Operating from the hubs of Eldon Square Bus Station and Haymarket Bus Station, Newcastle upon Tyne and the surrounding area has an extensive bus network that is coordinated by Nexus, the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive. Haymarket Bus Station is one of two bus stations serving the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. QuayLink is a Hybrid bus service in Tyne and Wear, England. QuayLink as the name suggests links the Quayside areas of the River Tyne Eldon Square Bus Station is one of two bus stations serving the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Haymarket Bus Station is one of two bus stations serving the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive (TWPTE using the brandname of Nexus is the Passenger Transport Executive for the metropolitan county of Tyne and ^[26] Buses are operated mainly by Arriva Northumbria, Go North East and Stagecoach North East. Arriva Northumbria operates in Northumbria, using the "Arriva serving Northumbria" name Go North East was originally the founding company of the Go-Ahead Group. Stagecoach North East is a major operator of Bus services in North East England. ^[27] QuayLink is a hybrid electric bus service operated to the Quayside. QuayLink is a Hybrid bus service in Tyne and Wear, England. QuayLink as the name suggests links the Quayside areas of the River Tyne

Metro

The city is served by the Tyne and Wear Metro, a system of suburban and underground railways covering most of Tyne and Wear. The Tyne and Wear Metro is a metro system serving stations in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, South Tyneside North Tyneside and Sunderland, It was opened in five phases between 1980 and 1984, and was Britain's first urban light rail transit system;^[28] two extensions were opened in 1991 and 2002. ^[29] It was developed from a combination of existing and newly built tracks and stations, with deep-level tunnels constructed through Newcastle city centre. ^[30][31] A bridge was built across the Tyne, between Newcastle and Gateshead, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1981. The Queen Elizabeth II Bridge carries the Tyne and Wear Metro from Newcastle upon Tyne to Gateshead over the River Tyne. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II ^[32] The network is operated by Nexus and carries over 37 million passengers a year,^[33] extending as far as Newcastle Airport, Tynemouth and South Hylton in Sunderland. South Hylton is a suburb in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England, on the south bank of the River Wear. Sunderland (, or /ˈsʌn(dlən/ is a City in Tyne and Wear, England. ^[34]

Cycle

Newcastle city centre is a relatively cycle-unfriendly one, providing no bicycle lanes. However the C2C cycle route runs along the north bank of the River Tyne enabling cyclists to travel off-road to North Shields and Tynemouth in the east and westwards towards Hexham. The Coast to Coast or Sea to Sea Cycle Route (C2C is Great Britain 's most popular long-distance cycle route and is based on minor roads disused railway The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. North Shields (or locally just Shields) is a town on the north bank of the River Tyne, in the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside, in North This article concerns itself with the village For the Parliament constituency of the same name see Tynemouth (UK Parliament constituency Tynemouth Hexham New South Wales|Hexham (constituency Hexham is a Market town in Northumberland, England, located south of the River Tyne. Furthermore, in the suburbs there are extensive cycle routes utilising the converted trackbeds of former industrial wagonways and industrial railways. Wagonways are the horses equipment and tracks used for hauling wagons which preceded steam powered railways There are two styles of waggonway and two spellings "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation.

There are also on-road cycle lanes on main roads leading from the centre to the suburbs of Gosforth, Heaton and Wallsend. Gosforth is an area of Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England to the north of the city centre Wallsend is a town in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. The tourist information centre in the city centre provides a free cycle map of Tyne and Wear.

Education

The city has two universities. Established as a School of Medicine and Surgery in 1834, and becoming independent from Durham University in 1963, Newcastle University is now one of the UK’s leading international universities. Durham University is a University in Durham, England. It was founded as the University of Durham (which remains its official and legal name Newcastle University is a leading research intensive University located in Newcastle upon Tyne in the north-east of England. ^[35] It won the coveted Sunday Times University of the Year award in 2000. The Sunday Times University of the Year is an annual award given to a British university or other Higher education institution by The Sunday Times ^[36] Newcastle Polytechnic was granted university status in 1992, becoming the University of Northumbria at Newcastle. Northumbria University is a modern university located in Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. Northumbria University, as it is currently known, was voted 'Best New University' by The Times Good University Guide 2005. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. The latter university also won a much coveted company award of the "Most IT enabled organisation" (in the UK), by the IT industry magazine Computing. Computing is a weekly newspaper/magazine published by Incisive Media for IT managers and IT professionals in the United Kingdom. ^[37][38]

There are eleven LEA-funded 11 to 18 schools and seven independent schools with sixth forms in Newcastle. An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local Government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges gifts and The sixth form, in the English, Welsh and Northern Irish education systems Commonwealth West Indian countries such as Barbados, Belize The largest co-ed independent school is the Royal Grammar School. Mixed-sex education, (or just Mixed education) also known as Coeducation, is the integrated education to males and females at the same school facilities See Royal Grammar School for the other schools with the name RGS The largest girls' independent school is Central Newcastle High School. Both schools are located on the same street in Jesmond. There are a number of successful state schools, including Gosforth High School, Heaton Manor School, St Cuthbert's High School, Kenton Comprehensive School and Sacred Heart. State school is an expression used in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to distinguish schools provided by the government from privately Gosforth High School is an English Secondary school and sixth form college in Gosforth, Newcastle upon Tyne and is a specialist Language Heaton Manor School is a 11 – 18 state comprehensive school in Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne. St Cuthbert's High School is a boys-only Catholic secondary school based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Kenton Comprehensive school is a secondary school situated on the outskirts of Newcastle upon Tyne. Sacred Heart Catholic High School in Newcastle upon Tyne, England was established in 1905 as a small fee paying all-female private secondary school in Fenham Newcastle College is the largest general further education college in the North East and is a beacon status college; there are two smaller colleges in the Newcastle area. Newcastle College is a further and Higher education College in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Further education (often abbreviated "FE" is Post-secondary Education (in addition to that received at Secondary school) that is distinct from

Religious sites

See also: Diocese of Newcastle, Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle, and North East Jewry

Newcastle has two cathedrals, the Anglican St. Nicholas, with its elegant lantern tower of 1474, and the Roman Catholic St. Mary's, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin. St Nicholas Cathedral is a Church of England Cathedral in Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, North East England. Newcastle Castle Keep, is the keep of the original stone-built castle in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, that occupied the site The Diocese of Newcastle is a Church of England Diocese based in Newcastle upon Tyne, covering the historic county of Northumberland (and The Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle is a Roman Catholic Diocese of the Latin Rite centred around St Mary's Cathedral in the city The Jewish presence in North East England is focused on a number of important towns This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs St Nicholas Cathedral is a Church of England Cathedral in Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, North East England. St Mary's Cathedral is the Roman Catholic Cathedral in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the mother-church of the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin ( 1 March 1812 – 14 September 1852) was an English Architect, designer and theorist of design now Both cathedrals began their lives as parish churches. St Mary's became a cathedral in 1850 and St Nicholas' in 1882. Newcastle was a prominent centre of the Plymouth Brethren movement up to the 1950s and some small congregations still function. The Plymouth Brethren is a Conservative, Evangelical Christian movement, whose history can be traced to Dublin, Ireland Among these are at the Hall, Denmark Street and Gospel Hall, St Lawrence. Denmark Street is a short narrow road in central London, notable for its connections with British Popular music, and is known as the British Tin Pan

One of the largest evangelical Anglican churches in the UK is Jesmond Parish Church, situated a little to the north of the city centre. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Jesmond Parish Church (JPC, was designed by the architect John Dobson and consecrated in 1861.

Sport

The City has a strong sporting tradition. Premier League football team Newcastle United has been based at St James' Park since the club was established in 1892. The Premier League, colloquially referred to as the Premiership, is an English professional league for football clubs Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Newcastle United Football Club (also known as The Magpies or The Toon) is an English football club based in Newcastle upon St James' Park is an All-seater stadium in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom. ^[39] The city also has two non-League football teams, Newcastle Blue Star and Newcastle Benfield, who both play in the Northern Football League. Non-League football is football in England played at a level below that of the Premier League and The Football League. Newcastle Blue Star FC is a football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Newcastle Benfield FC is a football club based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. History The Northern League ran as one of two major amateur competitions (with the Isthmian League) in tandem with the professional Football League Southern League Also in Newcastle are Guinness Premiership rugby union side Newcastle Falcons, for whom England player Jonny Wilkinson features. The English Premiership (known as the Guinness Premiership because of the league's sponsorship by Guinness) is a professional league competition for Rugby Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short The Newcastle Falcons is a Rugby union team currently playing in the Guinness Premiership. Jonathan Peter Wilkinson OBE (born 25 May 1979 in Frimley, Surrey) is an English Rugby union player and member of the England national team

The Metro Radio Arena is home to Newcastle Vipers ice hockey team and Newcastle Eagles basketball team. Club roster 08/09 Honours EIHL Play-Off Champions 2005-06 Findus Cup Winners 2002-03 Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. Newcastle Eagles is a British Basketball League team from Newcastle-Upon-Tyne. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m The city's Speedway team Newcastle Diamonds are based at Brough Park in Byker, a venue that is also home to greyhound racing. Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a Motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise Newcastle Diamonds are a Motorcycle speedway team who compete in the British Premier League. Byker is an Inner city electoral ward in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. Greyhound racing is the Sport of Racing Greyhounds The Dogs chase a lure (traditionally an artificial Hare or Rabbit Racing started at Brough Park in 1929. It operated to 1931 then closed until the end of the 1930s when the team name was adopted. Following closure for the war, Newcastle reopened in 1945 with the Diamonds contesting the Northern League (1946) and the National League Division Two until the end of 1951. The venue re-opened in 1961 and has, despite a few short breaks, operated regularly at various levels. The first track to open in Newcastle was at Goford Stadium but this only operated until 1930. Newcastle Racecourse at High Gosforth Park holds regular meets, including the prestigious race for the Northumberland Plate, first run in 1838, which takes place in June each year. Newcastle Racecourse is a Horse racing course located at Gosforth Park near Newcastle, England. Gosforth Park is a park north of Gosforth in the borough of Newcastle upon Tyne. The Northumberland Plate is a flat horse race in the United Kingdom which forms the centrepiece of a three-day festival at Newcastle Racecourse

Newcastle also hosts the start of the annual BUPA Great North Run, the world's largest half-marathon in which participants famously race over the Tyne Bridge into Gateshead and then towards the finish line 13. Bupa is a Healthcare organisation with bases on three continents and more than seven million customers in 192 countries The BUPA Great North Run is the world's most popular Half marathon Road running event The marathon is a long-distance foot race with an official distance of 42 Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. 1 miles (21. 1 km) away on the coast at South Shields. South Shields is a coastal town in Tyne and Wear, England, located at the mouth of the River Tyne. ^[40] Another famous athletic event is the 5. 7-mile (9. 2 km) Blaydon Race (a road race from Newcastle to Blaydon), which has taken place on June 9 annually since 1981, to commemorate the celebrated Blaydon Races horse racing. The Blaydon Race is a 57 mile athletics race from Newcastle upon Tyne, England to Blaydon that is steeped in local tradition Blaydon (or Blaydon-on-Tyne) is a town in the North East of England in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead Administration The Blaydon Races ( Roud #3511 is a famous Geordie Folk song written in the 1800s by Geordie Ridley in a style deriving from Music hall ^[41]

Culture

Dialect

Main article: Geordie

The dialect of Newcastle is known as Geordie, and contains a large amount of vocabulary and distinctive word pronunciations not used in other parts of England. Geordie (ˈdʒɔrdi is a regional nickname for a person from the Tyneside region of England, or the name of the Dialect of English The vocabulary of a person is defined either as the set of all Words that are understood by that person or the set of all words likely to be used by that person when constructing The Geordie dialect has much of its origins in the language spoken by Anglo-Saxon mercenaries, who were employed by the Ancient British people to fight Pictish invaders, following the withdrawal of the Romans from Britain in the 4th century. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south A mercenary is a person who takes part in an armed conflict who is not a national or a party to the conflict and is "motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by The Picts were a Confederation of tribes in what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from Roman times until the 10th century This language was the forerunner of Modern English; but while the dialects of other English regions have been heavily altered by the influences of other foreign languages—particularly Latin and Norman–French—the Geordie dialect retains many elements of the old language. Modern English is the form of the English language spoken since the Great Vowel Shift, completed in roughly 1550 Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Norman is a Romance language and one of the Oïl languages. The northern Norman can be classified in the septentrional Oil languages with Picard and An example of this is the pronunciation of certain words: "dead", "cow", "house" and "strong" are pronounced "dede", "coo", "hoos" and "strang"—which is how they were pronounced in the Anglo-Saxon language. Other Geordie words with Anglo-Saxon origins include: "larn" (from the Anglo-Saxon "laeran", meaning "teach"), "burn" ("stream") and "gan" ("go"). ^[42] Some words used in the Geordie dialect are used elsewhere in the northern United Kingdom. The words "bonny" (meaning "pretty"), "howay" ("come on"), "stot" ("bounce") and "hadaway" ("go away" or "you're kidding"), all appear to be used in Scottish dialect; "aye" ("yes"), "chuffed" ("happy") and "nowt" (IPA://naʊt/, rhymes with out,"nothing") are used elsewhere in northern England. Many words, however, appear to be used exclusively in Newcastle and the surrounding area, such as "Canny" (a versatile word meaning "good", "nice" or "very"), "bait" ("food"), "hacky" ("dirty") and "hoy" ("throw"). ^[43]

Nightlife

Newcastle has a reputation for being a fun-loving city with many bars, restaurants and nightclubs. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark More recently, Newcastle has become popular as a destination for Stag and Hen parties. A bachelor party (United States South Africa also known as a stag party or stag night or stag do (UK Ireland Canada and New Zealand bull's A bachelorette party, hen party, or hen night, is a party held for a woman who is about to be married. Newcastle was in the top ten of the country's top night spots,^[44] and The Rough Guide to Britain placed Newcastle upon Tyne's nightlife as Great Britain's no. Rough Guides Ltd is a Guidebook and Reference publisher owned by Pearson PLC. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands 1 tourist attraction. A tourist attraction is a place of interest where Tourists visit typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural value historical significance natural or built beauty or ^[45]

There are notable concentrations of pubs, bars and nightclubs around the Bigg Market, and the Quayside area of the city centre. The Quayside is the area along the banks of the River Tyne between Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead in North East England. There are many bars on the Bigg Market, and other popular areas for nightlife are Collingwood Street, Neville Street, the Central Station area and Osborne Road in the Jesmond area of the city. Newcastle Central railway station is the mainline railway station in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England and is a principal stop on the East Coast Jesmond is a residential suburb and electoral ward just north of the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. In recent years "The Gate" has opened in the city centre, a new indoor complex consisting of bars, upmarket clubs, restaurants and a 12-screen Empire multiplex cinema. The Gate is a retail and leisure complex in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Empire Cinemas is a multiplex cinema chain in the United Kingdom. Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue ^[46]

Focused on the Times Square area near the Centre for Life, the "Pink Triangle" is the centre of Newcastle's gay scene and hosts many bars and pubs and two clubs. The Centre for Life is a science centre located in the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Gay community or LGBT community is a term used to describe the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender subculture ^[47][48] The community has seen much expansion in the past five years, with further growth planned in the future.

The city has a wide variety of restaurants such as Italian, Indian, Persian, Japanese, Greek, Mexican, Spanish, American, Polish, Malaysian, French, Mongolian, Moroccan, Thai and has a Chinese village with many Chinese restaurants on Stowell Street. There has also been a growth in premium restaurants in recent years with top chefs. ^[49][50]

The biggest noticeable difference in the last ten years has been increased opening hours, more upmarket bars, a greater range of clubs and some of the older traditional pubs closing, although many have been revamped and remain very popular.

Theatre

The city contains many theatres. The largest, the Theatre Royal on Grey Street, first opened in 1837. The Theatre Royal is a Grade I Listed building situated on Grey Street in Newcastle upon Tyne. It has hosted a season of performances from the Royal Shakespeare Company for over 25 years, as well as touring productions of West End musicals. The Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC is a British Theatre company West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London 's "Theatreland" ^[51] The Journal Tyne Theatre hosts smaller touring productions, whilst other venues feature local talent. The Journal Tyne Theatre is a theatre in Newcastle upon Tyne. Northern Stage, formally known as the Newcastle Playhouse and Gulbenkian Studio, hosts various local, national and international productions in addition to those produced by the Northern Stage company. Northern Stage is a theatre and producing theatre company based in Newcastle upon Tyne. ^[52] Other theatres in the city include the Live Theatre, the People's Theatre, the Round and the Jubilee Theatre. The Live Theatre Company was founded in Tyneside in 1973 by Val McLane and Geoff Gillham The Round is a Theatre-in-the-round in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK The Jubilee Theatre, is a grade II listed building theatre It opened in 1899 in St Nicholas Hospital Gosforth, Newcastle upon Tyne, England NewcastleGateshead was voted in 2006 as the arts capital of the UK in a survey conducted by the Artsworld TV channel. NewcastleGateshead is a brand-name associated with the joint promotion of Culture, Business and Tourism within the Conurbation formed Sky Arts (Formerly known as Artsworld) is a British television channel offering 18 hours a day of programmes dedicated to highbrow arts including theatrical performances movies ^[53]

Festivals and fairs

In February, Newcastle's Chinatown is at the centre of a carnival of colour and noise as the city celebrates the Chinese New Year. A Chinatown is a section of an urban area with a large number of Chinese outside the majority-Chinese countries of Greater China. Chinese New Year is the most important of the Traditional Chinese holidays. This year's 2008 Chinese New Year event will also herald the launch of a new festival called EAST'08. The festival programme will have a Chinese theme celebrating the best of contemporary Chinese culture. ^[54][55] In late February, NewcastleGateshead jointly hosts, with Sunderland and Middlesbrough, the bi-annual AV Festival. NewcastleGateshead is a brand-name associated with the joint promotion of Culture, Business and Tourism within the Conurbation formed The AV Festival is the UK’s largest international festival of electronic arts, and features visual art, music and moving image. ^[56] In early March there is the NewcastleGateshead Comedy Festival, this event makes a return to the region since the last event in 2006, it is hoped it will now continue as an annual event. NewcastleGateshead is a brand-name associated with the joint promotion of Culture, Business and Tourism within the Conurbation formed ^[57]

The Newcastle Beer Festival, organised by CAMRA, takes place in April. The Campaign for Real Ale ( CAMRA) is an independent voluntary, Consumer organisation based in St Albans, England, whose main aim ^[58] In May, Newcastle and Gateshead host the Evolution Festival, a music festival held on the Newcastle and Gateshead Quaysides over the Spring bank holiday, with performances by acts from the world of Rock, Indie and Dance music. Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. A bank holiday is a Public holiday in the United Kingdom and also in the Republic of Ireland. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. In Popular music, independent music, often abbreviated as indie, is a term used to describe independence from major commercial record labels and an autonomous This article is about music for dancing in general You may also be looking for Electronic dance music. ^[59] EAT! NewcastleGateshead, a festival of food and drink, takes place in May 2008, following a successful pilot event in April 2007. ^[60]

The Hoppings, reputedly the largest travelling fair in Europe, takes place on Newcastle Town Moor every June. The Hoppings is held on the Town Moor in Newcastle upon Tyne during the last week in June The Town Moor is a large area of Common land in Newcastle upon Tyne. The event has its origins in the Temperance Movement during the early 1880s and coincides with the annual race week at High Gosforth Park. See also Prohibition, Teetotalism The Temperance Movement attempted to reduce the amount of Alcohol consumed within a community or society in This article is about the sport For other uses see Horserace (drinking game or Horse race (politics. ^[61] Newcastle Community Green Festival, which claims to be the UK’s biggest free community environmental festival, also takes place every June, in Leazes Park. Leazes Park is a park in Newcastle upon Tyne. It lies to the west of the city centre ^[62] The Northern Rock Cyclone, a cycling festival, takes place within, or starting from, Newcastle in June. ^[63] The Ouseburn Festival, a family oriented weekend festival near the city centre, incorporating a "Family Fun Day" and "Carnival Day", is held in late July. ^[64]

Newcastle Mela, held on the late August bank holiday weekend, is an annual two-day multicultural event, blending drama, music and food from Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures. Mela is a Sanskrit word meaning 'gathering' or 'to meet' It is used in the Indian subcontinent for all sizes of gathering and can be religious commercial cultural The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified Punjabi Culture is the culture of the Punjab region. It is one of the oldest and richest cultures in world history dating from ancient antiquity to the modern era The society of Pakistan ( ثقافت پاکستان) comprises numerous diverse cultures and ethnic groups from the Punjabis and Sindhis in the east to the tribal cultures of the Baloch Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical ^[65] NewcastleGateshead also holds an annual International Arts Fair. The 2008 event will be held in the Norman Foster designed Sage Gateshead Music and Arts Centre in September. ^[66] In October, there is the Design Event festival—an annual festival providing the public with an opportunity to see work by regional, national and international designers. ^[67] The Newcastle Science Festival will be held at the start of October this year, and will include a variety of events, including exhibitions, performances, talks and readings. ^[68]

Shopping

There are several major shopping areas in Newcastle city centre. The largest of these is the Eldon Square Shopping Centre, which incorporates the first and largest Fenwick department store, and a John Lewis store (formerly known as Bainbridge) which is often cited as the first department store in the world. Old Eldon Square is a Public square in the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Fenwick (founded 1882 Newcastle upon Tyne) is an independent chain of Department stores in the United Kingdom. A department store is a Retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant merchandise line. John Lewis Newcastle is a major Department store in the North East England city of Newcastle upon Tyne. Eldon Square is currently undergoing a full redevelopment. A new bus station, replacing the old underground bus station, was officially opened in March 2007. ^[69] The wing of the centre, including the undercover Green Market, near Grainger Street and The Gate was demolished in 2007 so that the area can be redeveloped. ^[70]

The main shopping street in the city is Northumberland Street. Northumberland Street is a major shopping street in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, North East England. In a 2004 report, it was ranked as the most expensive shopping street in the UK for rent, outside of London. ^[71] Other shopping centres in Newcastle include the relatively modern Eldon Garden and Monument Mall complexes, the Newgate Centre, Central Arcade and the traditional Grainger Market. Old Eldon Square is a Public square in the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Outside the city, the largest suburban shopping areas are Gosforth and Byker. The largest indoor shopping centre in Europe, The MetroCentre, is located in Gateshead. MetroCentre is the second most visited shopping centre in the UK attracting 24 million visitor a year In terms of retail area it's regarded as the largest Mall in the Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. The largest Tesco store in the United Kingdom is hosted at Kingston Park in Newcastle. Tesco plc is a British -based international grocery and general merchandising retail chain ^[72]

Music

Bands and musicians

See also: List of bands and musicians from Newcastle Upon Tyne

The 1960s saw the internationally successful rock group, The Animals, emerge from Newcastle night spots such as Club A-Go-Go on Percy Street, the 1980s saw Geordie singer Brian Johnson join Australian supergroup AC/DC. This article features a List of bands and musicians from Newcastle Upon Tyne, and may also include some bands and musicians who hail from the wider Tyneside conurbation The Animals were an English music group of the 1960s known in the United States as part of the British Invasion. Geordie were a Glam rock band from Newcastle upon Tyne, active in the 1970s Brian Johnson (born October 5 1947) is an English Singer and Songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist for the Australian AC/DC are an Australian Hard rock band formed in Sydney, Australia in 1973 by brothers Angus and Malcolm Young. Other well-known acts with connections to the city include Sting, Bryan Ferry, Dubstar, Dire Straits, The Wildhearts, 3 Colours Red, Duran Duran, and more recently Maxïmo Park, The Sound Explosion, Yourcodenameis:milo, The Motorettes and Kubichek!. Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE (born October 2, 1951) better known by his Stage name Sting, is a three time Academy Award Bryan Ferry (born 26 September 1945 in Washington, Sunderland) is an English Singer, Musician, Songwriter and occasional Dubstar are a successful British dance - pop band, formed in 1992 by Steve Hillier and Chris Wilkie in Newcastle-upon-Tyne Dire Straits was a British rock band, formed in 1977 by Mark Knopfler (guitar and vocals his brother David Knopfler (guitar The Wildhearts are a rock group from Newcastle upon Tyne, England. 3 Colours Red were a British Punk rock band They achieved their biggest chart success at the end of the 1990s along with other ' Britrock ' bands that retained a certain Duran Duran are an English Pop rock band famous for a long series of popular singles, albums and vivid Music videos for which they've won two Maxïmo Park (sometimes spelled Maximo Park) are an English Post-punk revival band signed to Warp Records, who formed in 2000 TheSoundEx, also known as "The Sound Explosion" are a self-proclaimed Rock n' Soul band from Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Yourcodenameismilo were an Alternative rock / experimental / Post-hardcore band from Washington Tyne and Wear, UK. The Motorettes are a band from the North East England coastal town of Tynemouth. Kubichek! are an English Post rock band from Newcastle, formed by four members of North East band Parklandsway after they split in 2003 Neil Tennant, singer from the Pet Shop Boys, was schooled in Newcastle. Neil Francis Tennant (born 10 July 1954 is a English Musician, singer and songwriter who with his colleague Chris Lowe, make up the successful The capitalisation of song titles in this article is disputed There is also a thriving underground music scene that encompasses a variety of styles, including Drum and Bass, doom metal and Post-rock. Underground music refers to a variety of post-1960s rock pop or dance subgenres that developed a Cult following despite their lack of Mainstream appeal visibility Doom metal is a form of Heavy metal music that typically employs very slow Tempos low-tuned guitars and a much 'thicker' or 'heavier' sound than other metal Post-rock is a genre of Alternative rock characterized by the use of Musical instruments commonly associated with Rock music, but using Rhythms

Lindisfarne are a folk-rock group with a strong Tyneside connection. Lindisfarne were a British folk / rock group of the 1970s fronted by singer/songwriter Alan Hull. Tyneside is a Conurbation in northern England, which is home to over 80% of the Metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. Their most famous song, "Fog on the Tyne" (1971), was covered by Geordie ex-footballer Paul Gascoigne in 1990. Fog On The Tyne was a 1971 album by English rock band Lindisfarne. Geordie (ˈdʒɔrdi is a regional nickname for a person from the Tyneside region of England, or the name of the Dialect of English Paul John Gascoigne (born 27 May 1967 in Dunston, Gateshead, England) often referred to as Gazza, is a retired English Venom, reckoned by many to be the originators of black metal and extremely influential to the extreme metal scene as a whole, formed in Newcastle in 1979. Venom are an English Black metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It often employs fast tempos shrieked vocals highly distorted guitars played with Tremolo picking, Extreme metal is an Umbrella term, somewhat loosely defined for a number of related heavy metal subgenres that have developed since the 1980s Folk metal band Skyclad, often regarded as the first folk metal band, also formed in Newcastle after the breakup of Martin Walkyier thrash metal band, Sabbat. Folk metal is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music that developed in Europe during the 1990s Skyclad are a British Heavy metal band with heavy Folk influences in their music Folk metal is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music that developed in Europe during the 1990s Martin Walkyier is an English singer who began his career with Heavy metal band Sabbat in the late 1980s releasing two albums For the Japanese band see Sabbat (Japanese band. Sabbat are a Pagan Thrash metal band from Nottingham, England

The predomimant record company in Newcastle is Kitchenware Records (circa 1982), previously home to acclaimed bands such as Prefab Sprout, Martin Stephenson and the Daintees and Fatima Mansions, the management of The Lighthouse Family and home to recent successes Editors as well as other bands of varied genres. Kitchenware Records is an Independent record label based in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Prefab Sprout are an English pop band from Witton Gilbert, County Durham, who rose to fame during the 1980s Martin Stephenson and the Daintees are a British band combining elements of Rock music and Folk music. The Fatima Mansions were an Art rock group formed in 1988 by Cork singer / Keyboardist Cathal Coughlan. Lighthouse Family were a British musical duo active from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s Editors are a British Indie rock band from Birmingham who formed in 2002

Dance music

The 1990s boom in progressive house music saw the city's Global Underground record label corner the market in the mix CD market with the likes of Sasha, Paul Oakenfold, James Lavelle, and Danny Howells recording mix compilations. Global Underground is a music label founded in 1996 by Andy Horsfield and James Todd Sasha (born Alexander Coe on 4 September 1969 is a Welsh DJ and record producer Paul Oakenfold (born 30 August, 1963 in Greenhithe, Kent, UK) is a Record producer and a popular trance James Lavelle (born 1974 in Oxford, England) is a DJ, electronic recording artist and record label boss Danny Howells (born on 24 November 1970) is an English producer and DJ. The label is still going strong today with offices in London and New York, and new releases from Deep Dish and Adam Freeland. Deep Dish is a duo of DJ and House music producers consisting of Iranian-American members Ali " Dubfire " Shirazinia Adam Freeland is a UK -based DJ and producer synonymous with breakbeat based electronic music

Venues

The largest music venue in the city is the 11,000-seat Metro Radio Arena, which is situated in the south of the city centre near the Centre for Life. A music venue is any location regularly used for a Concert or Musical performance The Metro Radio Arena Newcastle is an 11000 seat sports and entertainment venue based in Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. The Centre for Life is a science centre located in the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The 2,000-seat Newcastle City Hall holds a number of music events every month, particularly featuring solo artists. Newcastle City Hall is a Concert hall located in Newcastle upon Tyne, which has hosted many Popular music acts through the years In Music, a solo (from the Italian solo, meaning alone) is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung by a single performer Both of the city's universities also have large performance venues (each holding around 2,000 people).

On 14 October 2005, the 2,000 capacity Carling Academy Newcastle opened, providing a new music venue in the city centre. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Carling Academy Newcastle is the newest Music venue in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The opening night was headlined by The Futureheads and the profile of the venue has attracted a greater variety of bands to play in the city. The Futureheads are a four-piece English Post-punk revival band from Sunderland. The Carling Academy Newcastle is the newest in a string of Academies to be opened across the UK. Academy Music Group (or AMG) is a leading Owner-operator of Music venues in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Other popular music venues in the city include The Head of Steam, which is near Newcastle Central railway station, and Trillians Rock Bar at Princess Square. Newcastle Central railway station is the mainline railway station in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England and is a principal stop on the East Coast The Cluny and the Cumberland Arms are both situated in the Ouseburn Valley between the city centre and Byker. The Ouseburn Valley is a cultural oasis in the East end of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Byker is an Inner city electoral ward in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England.

Media

See also: List of Newcastle upon Tyne publications and List of television shows set in Newcastle upon Tyne

Local newspapers that are printed in Newcastle include Trinity Mirror's Evening Chronicle and The Journal, the Sunday Sun as well as the Metro freesheet. This is a list of publications that are printed (or originated in Newcastle upon Tyne. This is a list of Television shows set in Newcastle upon Tyne 55 Degrees North Auf Wiedersehen Pet A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Trinity Mirror plc is a large United Kingdom Newspaper and Magazine publisher The Evening Chronicle is a daily evening Newspaper produced in Newcastle upon Tyne, covering Tyne and Wear, southern Northumberland The Journal is a daily newspaper produced in Newcastle upon Tyne. The Sunday Sun is a regional Sunday newspaper for North East England, Cumbria and the Scottish Borders, published in Newcastle Upon Tyne Metro is the trading name of a Free daily newspaper, published by Associated Newspapers (part of Daily Mail and General Trust) in the Free daily newspapers trace their history back to the 1940s when Walnut Creek California publisher Dean Lesher began what is widely believed to be the first The Crack is a monthly style and listings magazine similar to London's Time Out. The Crack magazine is a free style and listings magazine Published monthly in print and online it covers entertainment and culture for the North East region A listings magazine is a magazine which contains information about the upcoming weeks events such as TV Listings, Music, Clubs, Theatre Time Out is a Publishing company based in London, England. The company's best known product is the Time Out weekly listings Magazine The adult comic Viz originated in Jesmond, and The Mag is a fanzine for Newcastle United supporters. Viz is a popular British adult Comic magazine that has been running since 1979 The Mag is an independent magazine written by and for the supporters of Newcastle United in England.

Tyne Tees Television, the regional contractor for ITV, was based at City Road for over 40 years after its launch in January 1959. Tyne Tees Television is the ITV television contractor for North East England. Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent ^[73] In 2005 it moved to a new facility on The Watermark business park next to the MetroCentre in Gateshead. MetroCentre is the second most visited shopping centre in the UK attracting 24 million visitor a year In terms of retail area it's regarded as the largest Mall in the ^[74] The entrance to studio 5 at the City Road complex gave its name to the 1980s music television programme, The Tube. The Tube was an innovative United Kingdom pop/rock music television programme which ran for 5 series from November 5, 1982 until ^[73] BBC North East and Cumbria is located to the north of the city on Barrack Road, Spital Tongues, in a building known, as the result of its colouring, as the Pink Palace. BBC North East & Cumbria is the BBC English Region covering Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham, Teesside and all but the Spital Tongues is a historic area of Newcastle upon Tyne, located north west of the city centre ^[75] It is from here that the Corporation broadcasts the Look North television regional news programme and local radio station BBC Radio Newcastle.

Independent local radio stations include Metro Radio and sister station Magic 1152, which are both based in a building on the Swan House roundabout on the north side of the Tyne Bridge. Independent Local Radio Metro Radio is an Independent Local Radio station broadcasting to North East England. Magic 1152 is the name of an Independent Local Radio station in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Galaxy 105-106 broadcasts across Newcastle from its studios in nearby Wallsend. Galaxy North East is an English regional Radio station specialising in Dance music and R'n'B. Wallsend is a town in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. ^[76] 100-102 Century Radio and 97.5 Smooth Radio both broadcast from Team Valley in Gateshead. 975 & 1077 Smooth Radio is an Independent local radio station broadcasting to the north east of England. Team Valley is traditionally the heavy industrial area of Gateshead in Tyne and Wear, England. ^[77]

NE1fm launched in July 2007, the first full time community radio station in the area. NE1fm is an FM community radio station based in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. Community radio is a type of Radio service that caters to the interests of a certain area broadcasting material that is popular to a local audience but is overlooked by more ^[78] Newcastle Student Radio is run by students from both of the city's universities, broadcasting from Newcastle University's student's union building during term time. Newcastle University is a leading research intensive University located in Newcastle upon Tyne in the north-east of England. The Newcastle University Union Society is the Students' union of Newcastle University, in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. ^[79] Radio Tyneside has been the voluntary hospital radio service for most hospitals across Newcastle and Gateshead since 1951, broadcasting on 1575AM. Hospital radio is a form of audio Broadcasting produced specifically for the in-patients of Hospitals It is primarily found in the United Kingdom. ^[80]

Newcastle is one of the first in the UK to have its city centre covered by wireless internet access. Wi-Fi (ˈwaɪfaɪ is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used ^[81]

Notable people

Main article: List of residents of Newcastle upon Tyne

Cardinal Basil Hume, Archbishop of Westminster (1976-1999) was born in the city in 1923. This is a list of famous or notable people born in or associated with Newcastle upon Tyne in England. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. George Basil Cardinal Hume OSB, OM ( March 2, 1923 &mdash June 17, 1999) was an English Prelate The Archbishop of Westminster heads the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster, in England. Other notable people born in or associated with Newcastle include: engineer and industrialist Lord Armstrong, engineer Robert Stephenson, rock star Sting, Lord Taylor, Miriam Stoppard, entertainers Ant and Dec, and international footballers Peter Beardsley and Alan Shearer. Sir William George Armstrong 1st Baron Armstrong ( November 26 1810 &ndash December 27 1900) was a Tyneside industrialist who Robert Stephenson FRS (16 October 1803 &ndash 12 October 1859 was an English Civil engineer. Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE (born October 2, 1951) better known by his Stage name Sting, is a three time Academy Award Miriam Stoppard MD DSc FRCP DCL (née Stern and subsequently Miriam Moore-Robinson born 12 May 1937 is a British Ant & Dec are a British duo of Light entertainment television presenters consisting of Novocastrians (the colloquial terminology for this is " Peter Andrew Beardsley MBE (born 18 January 1961, Newcastle upon Tyne) is a renowned English former footballer of Alan Shearer, OBE (born 13 August 1970 is an English retired footballer who played as a Striker in the English Premier League for

Museums and places of interest

In Newcastle Bessie Surtees House Blackfriars Centre for Life Discovery Museum Eldon Square Hancock Museum Hatton Gallery Jesmond Dene Laing Art Gallery The Lit & Phil Museum of Antiquities Newcastle Castle Keep and Blackgate Newcastle town wall Quayside Seven Stories, The Centre for Children's Books St James' Park football stadium St Mary's Cathedral Roman Catholic St Nicholas's Cathedral Church of England Town Moor

In the surrounding area Arbeia Roman Fort BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art Beamish Open Air Museum Bede's World Blue Reef Aquarium Cragside MetroCentre The Sage, Gateshead Segedunum Roman Fort Shipley Gallery South Shields Museum St Mary's Lighthouse Stephenson Railway Museum Tanfield Railway Museum Washington Old Hall Woodhorn Colliery Museum

Twin cities

- Atlanta – United States - Bergen – Norway - Gelsenkirchen – Germany - Groningen – Netherlands - Haifa – Israel

- Nancy – France - Malmö – Sweden[82] - Newcastle – Australia, on the Hunter River and also a coal hub. Abbeys and priories in England lists Abbeys priories, friaries and other Monastic religious houses in England. This is a list of amusement parks which are or were based in the UK This page lists Castles in England. Bedfordshire Berkshire Bristol A country park is an area designated for people to visit and enjoy recreation in a countryside environment English Heritage is a Non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government ( Department for Culture Media and Sport) with a broad remit of The Forestry Commission (established in 1919 is a Non-ministerial government department responsible for Forestry in Great Britain. A heritage railway ( United Kingdom) preserved railway ( United Kingdom) or tourist railroad ( United States and Canada) is a Historic houses in England is a link page for any Stately home, Country house or other Historic house in England. A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, usually known as the National Trust, is a conservation organization in England, Wales The following is a partial list of zoological gardens ( Zoos: Africa Algeria Algiers Zoo Oran Zoo Bessie Surtees House is two merchants' houses on Newcastle 's Quayside that were built in the 16th and 17th centuries Blackfriars is a restored 13th-century Friary in Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England. The Centre for Life is a science centre located in the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Old Eldon Square is a Public square in the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The Hancock Museum is a museum of Natural history in Newcastle upon Tyne. The Hatton Gallery is Newcastle University 's art exhibition gallery in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Jesmond Dene is a Public park in the east end of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The Laing Art Gallery in Newcastle Upon Tyne is located on New Bridge Street The Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle Upon Tyne (or the Lit & Phil as it is popularly known is a historical library in Newcastle upon Tyne, The Museum of Antiquities is an Archaeological museum at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England which opened in 1960 Newcastle Castle Keep, is the keep of the original stone-built castle in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, that occupied the site The "Black Gate" was added to Newcastle Castle between 1247 and 1250 forming an additional Barbican in front of the earlier north gate of the castle The Newcastle town wall is a medieval Defensive wall, and Scheduled Ancient Monument, in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The Quayside is the area along the banks of the River Tyne between Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead in North East England. Seven Stories is a centre for Children's literature in the United Kingdom and is based in the Ouseburn Valley, Newcastle upon Tyne, close to St James' Park is an All-seater stadium in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom. St Mary's Cathedral is the Roman Catholic Cathedral in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the mother-church of the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle St Nicholas Cathedral is a Church of England Cathedral in Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, North East England. The Town Moor is a large area of Common land in Newcastle upon Tyne. Arbeia is the remains of a large Roman fort in South Shields, Tyne & Wear, England which has been partially reconstructed The Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art (BALTIC is an international centre for Contemporary art located on the south bank of the River Tyne alongside the See also List of abbots of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Wearmouth-Jarrow Abbey is a twin-foundation English Abbey located Portsmouth Blue Reef Aquarium Portsmouth is situated on Clarence Esplanade Southsea Cragside is a Country house near Rothbury in Northumberland, England. MetroCentre is the second most visited shopping centre in the UK attracting 24 million visitor a year In terms of retail area it's regarded as the largest Mall in the The Sage Gateshead is a centre for musical education performance and conferences located in Gateshead on the south bank of the River Tyne, in the north-east Segedunum ("strong fort" was a Roman fort at modern-day Wallsend, Tyne and Wear, England, UK. St Mary's Lighthouse is on the tiny St Mary's Island, just north of Whitley Bay on the coast of North East England. The Stephenson Railway Museum is managed by Tyne and Wear Museums on behalf on North Tyneside Council, and is located at Middle Engine Lane in North Shields The Tanfield Railway is a tourist attraction in Gateshead and County Durham, England, operating preserved steam and diesel industrial locomotives Washington Old Hall is a Manor house located in the Washington, area of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Gelsenkirchen (ˌgɛlzənˈkɪʁçən is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Groningen is the capital city of the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Haifa (חֵיפָה; حَيْفَا) is the largest City in Northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country with For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Nancy (nɑ̃si archaic Nanzig Nanzeg is a city and commune in the Lorraine région of northeastern France This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Newcastle metropolitan area is the second most populated area in the state of New South Wales and includes most of the Newcastle and Lake Macquarie For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Hunter River is a major river in New South Wales, Australia. - Newcastle – South Africa - Tayuan – China

Newcastle also has a "friendship agreement" with

• - Little Rock – United States^[83]

Foreign consulates

The following countries have consular offices in Newcastle:

• Honorary Consul for the Federal Republic of Germany: Grainger Suite, Dobson House, Gosforth, NE3 3PF
• Honorary Consulate of Italy: 63 High Bridge, NE1 1DU
• The Royal Norwegian Consulate: 14 Grey Street, NE1 6AE
• Honorary Consulate of Sweden: 2 Osborne Road, Jesmond, NE2 2AA

Gallery

Looking through Gateshead's/Newcastle's bridges, from the Quayside	The 1781 stone Tyne Bridge, with the High Level Bridge in the background, from an 1861 illustration	Bessie Surtees House (Quayside)	The interior of Newcastle Central railway station
View across the river to Gateshead including the Millennium Bridge and Sage Music Centre (Quayside)	Steps from the castle keep to the Quayside	View across the River Tyne to Gateshead	The Centre for Life museum
The Tyne Bridge, a famous landmark linking Gateshead and Newcastle	Arms of Newcastle upon Tyne	Jesmond Dene c. Newcastle is the largest Town and third largest urban center in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The Dayuan or Ta-Yuan ( lit “Great Yuan” were a people of Ferghana in Central Asia, described in the Chinese historical works of China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Little Rock is the Capital and the most populous city of the U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Quayside is the area along the banks of the River Tyne between Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead in North East England. The High Level Bridge is a road and railway Bridge spanning the River Tyne between Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead in North East Bessie Surtees House is two merchants' houses on Newcastle 's Quayside that were built in the 16th and 17th centuries The Quayside is the area along the banks of the River Tyne between Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead in North East England. Newcastle Central railway station is the mainline railway station in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England and is a principal stop on the East Coast The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. The Centre for Life is a science centre located in the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The Tyne Bridge is a Compression arch suspended-deck bridge over the River Tyne in North East England, linking Newcastle upon Tyne Jesmond Dene is a Public park in the east end of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 1900	Ceremonial Arch in Chinatown with St. James's Park in the background

References

See also

• River Tyne, England
• University of Newcastle upon Tyne
• Newcastle Brown Ale
• Northumbria University
• Hadrian's Wall
• Gateshead Millennium Bridge
• Byker Wall award-winning redevelopment east of the city. The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. Newcastle University is a leading research intensive University located in Newcastle upon Tyne in the north-east of England. Newcastle Brown Ale is a brand of dark Brown ale. It has been brewed in Tyne & Wear, England, since April 1927 by Newcastle Breweries (now Newcastle Federation Northumbria University is a modern university located in Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman The Gateshead Millennium Bridge is a pedestrian and cyclist Tilt bridge spanning the River Tyne in England between Gateshead on the south The Byker Wall is the name given to a long unbroken block of 620 Maisonettes in the Byker district of Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
• Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead
• Newcastle United FC
• Newcastle upon Tyne City Centre

External links

• Visit NewcastleGateshead A major information source of cultural and social events in NewcastleGateshead
• City of Newcastle upon Tyne website (Newcastle City Council)
• Wikitravel article on Newcastle
• BBC Tyne BBC Local website

The Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead was a tragic and spectacular series of events starting on Friday 6 October 1854, in which a substantial amount of property Newcastle United Football Club (also known as The Magpies or The Toon) is an English football club based in Newcastle upon Newcastle upon Tyne City Centre, or more commonly Newcastle City Centre or colloquially as The Toon, is the Central business district of Newcastle

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