Citizendia

Newcastle-under-Lyme
Newcastle-under-Lyme (Staffordshire)
Newcastle-under-Lyme

Newcastle-under-Lyme shown within Staffordshire
Population 73,944
OS grid reference SJ848459
District Newcastle-under-Lyme
Shire county Staffordshire
Region West Midlands
Constituent country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town NEWCASTLE, STAFFS
Postcode district ST5
Dialling code 01782
Police Staffordshire
Fire Staffordshire
Ambulance West Midlands
European Parliament West Midlands
UK Parliament Newcastle-under-Lyme
List of places: UK • England • Staffordshire

Coordinates: 53°00′39″N 2°13′40″W / 53.0109, -2.2278

For the larger local government district, see Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme. Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government History The present town is originally a Roman settlement In the Middle Ages there was a large castle here owned by John of Gaunt, and a major medieval market Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one The West Midlands is an official Region of England, covering the western half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Stoke-on-Trent postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Leek, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Stafford, Stoke-on-Trent The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Staffordshire Police is the Home Office police force responsible for policing Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent in the West Midlands of The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The West Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust (WMAS is the second-largest ambulance service in the UK West Midlands is a Constituency of the European Parliament. It currently elects 7 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of Party-list proportional This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Newcastle-under-Lyme is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of cities, Towns and Villages in the ceremonial county of Staffordshire, England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. History The present town is originally a Roman settlement In the Middle Ages there was a large castle here owned by John of Gaunt, and a major medieval market

Newcastle-under-Lyme, known simply as "castle" to many local people, is a market town[1] in Staffordshire, England, and is the principal town of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme. Market town or market right is a legal term originating in the Medieval period for a European settlement that has the right to hold Markets Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland History The present town is originally a Roman settlement In the Middle Ages there was a large castle here owned by John of Gaunt, and a major medieval market It is part of The Potteries Urban Area and North Staffordshire. The Potteries Urban Area is a Conurbation in North Staffordshire in the West Midlands region of England. North Staffordshire describes an area of Staffordshire, in the West Midlands region of England. In the 2001 census the town had a population of 73,944. [2] It is not to be confused with the larger city of Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England

Contents

Geography and climate

Situated in a valley alongside the Lyme Brook, the town is immediately west of the neighbouring city of Stoke-on-Trent, its suburbs running into those of the city. This article refers to the cardinal direction for other uses see West (disambiguation. Stoke-on-Trent ( often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city in Staffordshire, England which forms a linear Conurbation almost 12 miles (19 South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Newcastle town centre is just 2 miles (3km) from Stoke-on-Trent and less than 4 miles (6 km) from Hanley. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Newcastle-under-Lyme is about 17 miles (27 km) north of the county town of Stafford. This article is about the town of Stafford England For the larger local government district see Borough of Stafford.

These are the average rainfall and temperatures from the Met Office weather station at Penkridge, some 24 miles (39km) south. For the UKMET model see Tropical cyclone forecast model. The Met Office (originally an abbreviation for Meteorological Office, Penkridge is a Market town in Staffordshire, England with a population of 7836 (Census 2001) They show the averages from 1971 to 2000.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average max. temperature
°C (°F)		 6. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 5
(43. 7)		 6. 9
(44. 42)		 9. 5
(49. 1)		 12. 0
(56)		 15. 7
(60. 26)		 18. 4
(65. 12)		 21. 1
(69. 98)		 20. 8
(69. 44)		 17. 5
(63. 5)		 13. 5
(56. 3)		 9. 5
(49. 1)		 7. 4
(45. 32)		 13. 3
(55. 94)
Average min. temperature
°C (°F)		 1. 0
(33. 8)		 1. 0
(33. 8)		 2. 5
(36. 5)		 3. 5
(38. 3)		 6. 2
(43. 16)		 8. 9
(48. 02)		 11. 1
(51. 98)		 10. 9
(51. 62)		 9. 0
(48. 2)		 6. 4
(43. 52)		 3. 3
(37. 94)		 1. 8
(35. 24)		 5. 5
(41. 9)
Rainfall
mm (inches)		 62. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. 7
(2. 46)		 44. 4
(1. 75)		 51. 2
(2. 02)		 48. 5
(1. 91)		 52. 7
(2. 07)		 59. 3
(2. 33)		 46. 7
(1. 84)		 57. 7
(2. 27)		 63. 6
(2. 50)		 60. 5
(2. 38)		 62. 0
(2. 44)		 66. 8
(2. 63)		 676. 0
(22. 61)
Sunshine
(hours per month)		 45. 3 59. 0 89. 9 129. 9 179. 5 160. 8 183. 5 168. 6 122. 1 94. 6 58. 5 38. 4 1330. 1
Source: Met Office

History

Etymology

The Newcastle part of the name derives from being the location of a 'new' castle, built in the 12th century by [3]. A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. The Lyme section could refer to the Lyme Brook or the extensive lime forests that covered the area in mediæval period. Tilia is a Genus of about 30 species of Trees native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, in Asia (where the greatest A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria [3]

1100-1800s

Newcastle is not mentioned in the Domesday Book, as it grew up around the 12th century castle, but it must early have become a place of importance, for a charter, known only through a reference in a charter to Preston, was given to the town by Henry II of England in 1173. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey The 'new' castle was built to supersede an older fortress at Chesterton about 2 miles to the north, the ruins of which were to be seen in the 16th century. Chesterton is a small former Mining Village, located in the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England.

In 1235 Henry III constituted it a free borough, granting a guild merchant and other privileges. Henry III (1 October 1207 &ndash 16 November 1272 was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 [3] In 1251 he leased it at fee-farm to the burgesses. In 1265 Newcastle was granted by the crown to Simon de Montfort, and subsequently to Edmund Crouchback, through whom it passed to Henry IV. Simon de Montfort 6th Earl of Leicester (1208 – August 4, 1265) was the principal leader of the Baronial opposition to King Henry III of England Edmund Crouchback 1st Earl of Lancaster ( January 16, 1245 &ndash June 5, 1296) was the second surviving son of Eleanor of Provence Henry IV (3 April 1367 &ndash 20 March 1413 was King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399&ndash1413 In John Leland's time the castle had disappeared "save one great Toure". This is about John Leland antiquary For other people called John Leland see John Leland (disambiguation.

Newcastle did not feature much in the English Civil War, save a Royalist plundering. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War ( 1642 &ndash 1651 Looting ( Hindi lūṭ akin to Sanskrit luṭhati steals also Latin latro, latronis [1] During the civil war, Major Thomas Harrison a Cromwellian army officer and leader of the fanatical Fifth Monarchy Men, rose to prominence. Thomas Harrison (1606&ndash October 13, 1660) was a Puritan soldier and later a leader of the Fifth Monarchists. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known

The governing charter in 1835[3][4] which created the Newcastle-under-Lyme Municipal Borough absorbed the previous borough created through the charters of 1590 and 1664, under which the title of the corporation, was the "mayor, bailiffs and burgesses of Newcastle-under-Lyme. History The present town is originally a Roman settlement In the Middle Ages there was a large castle here owned by John of Gaunt, and a major medieval market "[3]

Nelson Place and view up King Street, from a postcard, c.1900
Nelson Place and view up King Street, from a postcard, c. 1900

Recent

When Stoke-on-Trent was formed by the 1910 amalgamation of the "six towns" (Stoke, Hanley, Fenton, Longton, Burslem and Tunstall) Newcastle remained separate. Stoke, or to give it its full name Stoke-upon-Trent is a component town of the city of City of Stoke-on-Trent, in the ceremonial county of Staffordshire Fenton is one of the Six Towns of the Stoke-on-Trent conurbation which were federated in 1910 Longton is a southern district of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England, and is known locally as the "Neck End" of the city The town of Burslem, known as the Mother Town, is one of the six towns that amalgamated to form the current city of Stoke-on-Trent, in the ceremonial county Tunstall is an area in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England. Despite its close proximity, it was not directly involved in the pottery industry, and it strongly opposed attempts to add it at a later date[5] with a postcard poll showing residents opposing it by a majority of 97. 4%. Although passed by the House of Commons, it was rejected by the House of Lords. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" [1] Newcastle sent two members to parliament from 1355 to 1885, when it lost one representative. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Following the Local Government Act 1972 it became the principal settlement of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales

Economy

Like neighbouring Stoke-on-Trent, Newcastle's early economy was based around hatting trade, silk and cotton mills. A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton Later coal mining, brick manufacture, iron casting and engineering rose to prominence. Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. A brick is a block of Ceramic material used in Masonry construction laid using mortar. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and [3] Very fine red earthenware and also soft-paste porcelain tableware (the first such production in Staffordshire) was produced in Newcastle at Samuel Bell's factory in Lower Street between 1724 and 1754 when all production ceased. "Soft-paste porcelain" is a type of a Ceramic material but it lacks a more specific universally agreed definition Tableware or Table Appointments includes the dishes, Glassware, and eating utensils ( Knives, Forks Spoons With the exception of a failed enterprise between 1790 and 1797, which then switched to brewing, there was no further commercial production of pottery within the town of Newcastle. Production of earthenware tiles however continued at several locations within the borough. Manufacture of fine bone china was re-established in the borough in 1963 by Mayfair Pottery at Chesterton. Bone china is a type of Porcelain body first developed in Britain in which calcined Cattle bone ( Bone ash) is a major constituent

The manufacture in the borough of clay tobacco smoking pipes started about 1637 and grew rapidly and was second only to hatting within the borough. A pipe is a tool used for Smoking. The designs of pipes vary considerably but for the most part they are reusable and consist of a chamber or bowl in which the substance to Nationally, the town was ranked with Chester, York and Kingston upon Hull as the four major pipe producers. Chester is the County town of Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77040 York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. Kingston upon Hull ( almost invariably referred This industry continued until the mid-19th century when decline set in rapidly and by 1881 only one tobacco pipe maker was left.

In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries the town had a flourishing felt hat manufacturing industry[3], which was probably at its peak locally in the 1820s when a third of the town's population were involved in the industry in over 20 factories but by 1892 there was only one manufacturer still producing in the town. Felt is a non-woven cloth that is produced by matting condensing and pressing fibers A hat is a headcovering It may be worn for protection against the elements for religious reasons for safety or as a Fashion accessory.

In 1944, the Rolls-Royce Derwent engine for the Gloster Meteor fighter was made in the borough. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Politics

The town has been the birthplace of several notable politicians and activists. Fanny Deakin was a campaigner for better nourishment for babies and young children and better maternity care for mothers. Fanny Deakin (1883-1968 was a politician from Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England noted for her campaigns for better nourishment of young children and maternity The former chair of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Janet Bloomfield (née Hood) is a peace and disarmament campaigner. Janet Bloomfield ( 10 October 1953 - 2 April 2007) was a peace and disarmament campaigner who was chair of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament Vera Brittain writer, feminist (and mother of Liberal Democrat Shirley Williams) was born in the town. Vera Mary Brittain ( 29 December 1893 – 29 March 1970) was an English writer feminist and pacifist best remembered as the Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the Shirley Williams Baroness Williams of Crosby PC (born 27 July 1930) is a British Politician and academic [6]

There have been two particularly notable Members of Parliament (MPs). A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Josiah Wedgwood IV was a Liberal, Independent and Labour Party MP, who served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the cabinet of Ramsay MacDonald, in the first ever Labour government. Colonel Josiah Clement Wedgwood 1st Baron Wedgwood, DSO sometimes referred to as Josiah Wedgwood IV ( 16 March 1872 &ndash 26 The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is in modern times a Sinecure office in the Government of the United Kingdom. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. James Ramsay MacDonald ( 12 October 1866 &ndash 9 November 1937) was a British politician and twice Prime Minister of the United He was MP from 1909 to 1942. John Golding was elected as a Labour MP for Newcastle-under-Lyme at a by-election in 1969. John Golding may refer to John Golding (British politician (1931&ndash1999 British politician and Trade Union leader Newcastle-under-Lyme is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. He served in the governments of Harold Wilson and Jim Callaghan, as PPS to Eric Varley as Minister of Technology, a Labour whip in opposition, and Minister for Employment, stepping down in 1986. James Harold Wilson Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, KG, OBE, FRS, PC (11 March 1916 &ndash 24 May 1995 was one of the most prominent British politicians Leonard James Callaghan Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, KG, PC (27 March 1912 – 26 March 2005 was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979 The Minister of Technology was a position in the government of the United Kingdom, sometimes abbreviated as " MinTech " [7]The current MP is Paul Farrelly. (Christopher Paul Farrelly (born 2 March, 1962) British Politician and Journalist He is the Labour Member of Parliament

Transport

The town was once served by the North Staffordshire Railway, its station being on a branch line from Stoke-on-Trent via Newcastle, Silverdale and Keele, to Market Drayton in Shropshire. The North Staffordshire Railway was a British Railway company formed in 1845 to promote a number of lines in the Staffordshire Potteries Market Drayton is a small Market town in north Shropshire, England Shropshire (ˈʃrɒpʃɪə/ /-ʃə alternatively known as Salop or abbreviated in print only Shrops, is a county in the Newcastle station opened in September 1852 after numerous construction difficulties involving the two tunnels of 605 yards and 96 yards respectively at Hartshill. The section from Silverdale to Market Drayton closed to passengers in May 1956 and the rest of the line in March 1964. The line from Newcastle junction to Silverdale has been removed, with the site of Newcastle station and the Hartshill tunnels being filled in. Newcastle was on the national canal network, but the canal, running from the Trent and Mersey Canal at Stoke-on-Trent to Sir Nigel Gresley's Canal has been disused since 1935 and most of it filled in. Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways The ' Newcastle-under-Lyme Canal' was a 3 mile 6 furlongs (6km level Canal from the Trent & Mersey Canal at Stoke-upon-Trent to Newcastle-under-Lyme The Trent and Mersey Canal is a 935 miles (150 km long Canal in the East Midlands West Midlands and North West of England Sir Nigel Gresley's Canal was a 3 Mile private Canal between Apedale and Newcastle-under-Lyme both in Staffordshire, England

Today

Demographics

Further information: Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme for district wide demographic details
Comparative Census Information
2001 UK Census Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough[8][9] England
Total population 73. History The present town is originally a Roman settlement In the Middle Ages there was a large castle here owned by John of Gaunt, and a major medieval market A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 History The present town is originally a Roman settlement In the Middle Ages there was a large castle here owned by John of Gaunt, and a major medieval market 944 122,030 49,138,831
White 97. 8% 98% 91%
Asian 0. 6% 0. 6% 4. 6%
Black 0. 2% 0. 2% 2. 3%
Christian 78. 2% 78. 5% 72%
Muslim 0. 7% 0. 5% 3. 1%
Hindu 0. 2% 0. 2% 1. 1%
No religion 14% 13. 1% 15%
Unemployed 2. 3% 2% 3. 3%

Of the 73,944 residents recorded in the 2001 census, 51. 7% (38,210) were female and 48. 3% (35,734) male. [10] 78. 2% (57,819) stated their religion was Christian, with 12. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 9% (9,570) saying they had no religion. Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist and Sikh all recorded less than 1% of the population. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. 97. 8% of the population defined themselves as White, with the balance being mixed race (0. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. The terms multiracial and mixed-race describe people whose ancestries come from different races. 6%), Indian (0. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country 4%), Pakistani (0. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and 2%), Black (0. The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse 2%), Chinese (0. The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following A person who resides in and holds citizenship of the People's Republic of China (including Hong 2%) with other ethnic groups forming 0. 4%. [10]

62. 2% (21,586) of the population work full time and 19. A permanent full-time job usually has benefits (such as health insurance however temporary full-time jobs usually do not have benefits 4% (6,746) part time. A part-time job carries fewer hours per week than a Full-time job and usually pays less than a full-time job [11] The largest employment types are manufacturing with 7,058 (21. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale 5%), wholesale and retail 6,157 (18. Wholesaling is the sale of Goods or Merchandise to Retailers to industrial commercial institutional or other professional Business users 7%), health and social work 4,097 (12. Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Social work is a discipline involving the application of Social theory and research methods to study and improve the lives of people groups and societies 5%) and financial, real estate & business activity 3,823 (11. The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated Real estate is a legal term (in some jurisdictions notably in the USA, United Kingdom A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to 6%). [11]

Jewish residency of the area stretches back into the nineteenth century. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ [12] In 1873 they purchased an old Welsh chapel to be used as a synagogue. In 1923 a new synagogue was built in Hanley. This was closed in 2004 and the congregation moved to a smaller synagogue in Newcastle.

Economy

Newcastle's 20th century industries include: iron working, construction materials, clothing (especially military, police and transport uniforms), computers, publishing, electric motors, and machinery.

Near the turn of 21st century, the town received a major redevelopment to incorporate a new street (Castle Walk) in to the town centre, providing Newcastle with a new bus station and bringing in more companies.

A large number of pubs, clubs and bars provide Newcastle with a relatively strong nightlife, with student night being on Wednesdays.

Transport

The A34 London Road
The A34 London Road

Newcastle-under-Lyme is served by the M6 motorway to the south and west of Newcastle and by the A500 road to the north and east. The A34 is a major road in England. It runs from the A6042 in Salford to Winchester in Hampshire. This article concerns the M6 motorway in England There are also M6 motorways in Russia (see Caspian Highway) Hungary (see M6 motorway D road can also apply as a road designation under the Great Britain road numbering scheme The A500 is a major primary A road There are access points from the M6 at Junctions 15 and 16, to the south and north respectively. The A34 trunk road runs through Newcastle from north to south and was the main road between Birmingham and Manchester until the M6 motorway opened in . The A34 is a major road in England. It runs from the A6042 in Salford to Winchester in Hampshire. A trunk road, trunk highway, or strategic road is a major Road &mdashusually connecting two or more cities, Ports Airports Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um There is a large bus station in the town centre.

Newcastle does not have its own railway station,(possible the largest town without one) with Stoke-on-Trent railway station being the main station, located on the West Coast Main Line. This is a list of towns and cities in Great Britain with no railway station. Stoke-on-Trent railway station is a main-line railway station in central England.

Education

See also: Keele University

The town has an extensive number of both primary and secondary schools in the state sector. Keele University is a research-intensive Campus university located near Newcastle-under-Lyme in Staffordshire, England. See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes State school is an expression used in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to distinguish schools provided by the government from privately There is also Newcastle-under-Lyme School, an independent school established in the 17th century whose alumni includes T. E. Hulme, John Wain and William Watkiss Lloyd. NulsVictoriaBuildingjpg|thumb|Victoria Building]] Newcastle-under-Lyme School is an Independent school in the town of Newcastle-under-Lyme in Staffordshire An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local Government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges gifts and Thomas Ernest Hulme ( 16 September 1883 &ndash 28 September 1917) was an English writer who during his informal tenure from 1909 as critic John Wain (baptised John Barrington Wain, March 14, 1925 – May 24, 1994) was an English poet, Novelist William Watkiss Lloyd ( 11 March 1813 - 22 December 1893) was an English writer The town has a further and tertiary education Newcastle-under-Lyme College established in the 1966. Further education (often abbreviated "FE" is Post-secondary Education (in addition to that received at Secondary school) that is distinct from Tertiary education, also referred to as third stage third level and' post-secondary education', is the educational level following the completion of a school providing Newcastle-under-Lyme College is a Further education College in Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England. There is also a special school located in Newcastle-Under-Lyme called Blackfriars School.

Sport

The town is home to a wide range of sports clubs and associations. Newcastle Town F.C., an association football club currently play in the North West Counties Football League Division One. Newcastle Town FC are a football club based in Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Overview The league was formed in 1982 by the merger of the Cheshire County League and the Lancashire Combination. The Lyme Valley area is home to Newcastle & Hartshill Cricket Club. The largest Rugby Union club is Newcastle, Staffs Rugby Union Club. Cycle Staffordshire organizes many local cycling events as does the Newcastle Track Cycling Association. Track cycling is a Bicycle racing Sport usually held on specially-built banked tracks or Velodromes (but many events are held at older velodromes where the The town has its own velodrome. A velodrome is an arena for Track cycling. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights Lyme Racing Club is a popular local cycle club with over 150 members with and increasing junior membership. The club is active in many areas of cycling including Time trials, Track racing, Road racing, Audax riding, Mountain biking as well as regular Sunday club runs and general leisure cycling. Newcastle Athletic Club [1]is based at the Ashfield Road Track and there are two golf courses in town.

Dominic Cork, the cricket player[13] and Robbie Earle a now retired footballer[14] were both born in the town. Dominic Gerald Cork (born 7 August 1971 in Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire) is an English Cricketer who bowls swing and Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Robert Fitzgerald "Robbie" Earle MBE (born 27 January, 1965 in Newcastle-under-Lyme) is a former professional footballer

Sites and attractions

Queen's Gardens
Queen's Gardens

Parks and gardens

Newcastle excels in the Royal Horticultural Society Britain in Bloom competition. The Royal Horticultural Society ( RHS) was founded in 1804 in London, England as the Horticultural Society of London, and gained its present Britain in Bloom is a horticultural competition in the United Kingdom. In 2005 it was the national winner in the ‘small city/large town’ category (35K-100K). [15] The town features several parks including the Queen’s Gardens, at the eastern end of Ironmarket, was awarded the Britain in Bloom Judges’ Award for Horticultural Excellence in 2003[16] and is the only park within the ring road. Grosvenor Gardens in the centre of one of the town’s roundabouts, hidden away below road level. The Queen Elizabeth Garden is located outside the town centre and is to undergo refurbishment using National Lottery Heritage Fund money. The National Lottery is the largest Lottery in the United Kingdom. [17]

To the north west of the town centre is Brampton Park, home to the museum and art gallery. [18]

Traditional market

The Guildhall
The Guildhall

Dating back to 1173 Newcastle’s market known as The Stones operates on the High Street. Sao Paulo Stock Exchangejpg|thumb| Virtual market arena where buyer and seller are not present and trade via intemediates and electronical information [19] The market was originally held on Sunday; in the reign of John it was changed to Saturday; by the charter of Elizabeth it was fixed on Monday. John (24 December 1167 &ndash 19 October 1216 reigned as a King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death Grants of fairs were given by Edward I, Edward III and Henry VI. Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 popularly known as Longshanks, was a King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost Edward III (13 November 1312 &ndash 21 June 1377 was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. Henry VI (6 December 1421 &ndash 21 May 1471 was King of England 1422–1461 (though with a Regent until 1437 and then 1470–1471 and a claimant to the kingdom Today the market is open six-day a week, there are over 80 stalls on this open-air market. Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays see a general market, on Tuesdays there is an antiques market and Thursdays are dedicated to bric-a-brac.

A cattle and livestock market was held on Mondays until the third quarter of the 20th century. Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally to a Domesticated Animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to produce such as Food

Culture

The New Vic Theatre was Europe’s first purpose-built[20] theatre in the round. For other theatres with a similar name see Victoria Theatre (disambiguation The New Vic Theatre is situated in the Staffordshire market Theatre-in-the-round or arena theatre is any Theatre space in which the audience surrounds the stage area It is just outside the town centre and offers a full programme of entertainment, whether modern or classic plays or impressive concert performances.

The Museum depicts the civic history of the Borough of Newcastle under Lyme and an authentic, life size Victorian street-scene [21] whilst the art gallery hosts work by local and national artists as well as ‘travelling’ exhibitions. [21] Until 2005, there was an annual carnival held on the Spring Bank Holiday but this has been cancelled due to rising police costs. A bank holiday is a Public holiday in the United Kingdom and also in the Republic of Ireland. [22]

Notable residents who contributed to the arts and entertainment include Philip Astley, founder of the ‘modern’ circus. Philip Astley ( January 8, 1742 &ndash January 27, 1814) is regarded as the " father of the modern circus. [23] Jackie Trent singer and songwriter was born in the town. [24] Arnold Bennett the novelist, playwright, and essayist completed his schooling at the Middle School[25] and called the town Oldcastle in his novels. Enoch Arnold Bennett ( 27 May 1867 - 27 March 1931) was an English Novelist. Dinah Maria Mulock who wrote under her married name of Mrs. Dinah Maria Craik (born Dinah Maria Mulock, also often credited as Miss Mulock) ( 20 April 1826 - 12 October 1887) was an Craik, lived in the town in Lower Street and Mount Pleasant and attended Brampton House Academy. [26] E S Turner, the social commentator was educated in the town. Ernest Sackville (E S Turner (born Liverpool, England, 17 November 1909; died Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England [27]

Religion

The town has a long religious history. It was the birthplace of John James Blunt, a divine and Anglican priest. John James Blunt ( 1794 - June 18, 1855) was an English divine and Anglican priest Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Josiah Wedgwood was a Unitarian and he and his family attended meetings at the 'Old Meeting house', connected to the church of St Giles', which is still in use for this purpose. Josiah Wedgwood ( July 12, 1730 - January 3, 1795, born Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent) was an English potter credited

The town itself has a large number of Anglican churches including St Giles Church, the mædiavel parish church dating from 1290, as well as several Catholic churches, most notably Holy Trinity, whose style is Gothic in blue engineering bricks, described as. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. . . "the finest modern specimen of ornamental brickwork in the kingdom" at the time.

In the eighteenth century John Wesley made repeated visits to the area[28] which was becoming more industrialised. John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical He recruited many residents to Methodism. Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations This is reflected in the large number of Methodist churches. The largest Baptist church in North Staffordshire is in Newcastle.

Of interest also is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, located across from the Brampton Park, which serves as the 'stake centre' for the church in the region and has an on-site Family History Centre open to the public, where one can search for their ancestors for little or no charge. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known Family History Centers (FHCs are branches of the Family History Library in Salt Lake City operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

International network

The town is part of a world-wide network of towns and cities with the name Newcastle. [29] These include Neuburg an der Donau (Germany), Neuchâtel (Switzerland), Neufchâteau (France), New Castle, Indiana (USA), New Castle, Pennsylvania (USA),New Castle, Delaware (USA), Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and Shinshiro (Japan). Neuburg an der Donau, literally Neuburg on the Danube River, is a town which is the capital of the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district in the state of Bavaria Neuchâtel ( literally: New Castle in Old French) is the Capital of the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel on Lake Neufchâteau is a commune in the département of the Vosges and the région of Lorraine in eastern France New Castle is a city in Henry County, Indiana, 44 miles (71 km east-northeast of Indianapolis, on the New Castle is a city in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, 50 miles (80 km northwest of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and 18 miles (30 km east New Castle is a city in New Castle County, Delaware, six miles (10 km south of Wilmington, situated on the Delaware River, at the head Newcastle is the largest Town and third largest urban center in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. is a city located in Aichi, Japan. As of April 1, 2006, the city has an estimated Population of 52467

This small international network of just eight towns, formed in 1998, is designed to encourage friendship and co-operation between the towns and to this end a school in the South African town benefited in 2004 from gifts of computing equipment surplus to Newcastle-under-Lyme's needs. The annual Newcastles of the World Summit was held in Newcastle-under-Lyme for six days from June 17, 2006. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [30]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Newcastle-under-Lyme. British History Online. University of London & History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  2. ^ 2001 Census - Ward and Town Populations (PDF). Staffordshire County Council. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g History of Newcastle. Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  4. ^ Relationships / unit history of NEWCASTLE UNDER LYME. A Vision of Britain. University of Portsmouth Department of Geography. The University of Portsmouth is a British University in the historic south coast city of Portsmouth. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  5. ^ "Stoke-on-Trent Bill: Extension of the City", The Times, 1930-05-02.  
  6. ^ Vera Brittain 1893-1970. Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  7. ^ Farrelly, Paul (1999-01-22). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Right at the heart of Labour. Guardian Unlimited. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  8. ^ Newcastle-under-Lyme Economic Profile (PDF). Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-01-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
  9. ^ Newcastle-under-Lyme Social Profile (PDF). Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-01-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
  10. ^ a b 2001 Census - Social Profile for Towns in Staffordshire - Newcastle-under-Lyme (PDF). Staffordshire County Council. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  11. ^ a b 2001 Census - Economic Profile for Towns in Staffordshire - Newcastle-under-Lyme (PDF). Staffordshire County Council. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  12. ^ Stoke-on-Trent Hebrew Congregation. Retrieved on 2007-01-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
  13. ^ "Lancashire Squad", BBC Sport, 2006-04-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.  
  14. ^ Robbie Earle. Soccer Base. Mirror Group PLC. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  15. ^ 2005 winners. Britain in Bloom. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  16. ^ Britain in Bloom. Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  17. ^ "Lottery cash to restore town park", BBC News, 2007-03-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.  
  18. ^ Borough Museum & Art Gallery, Newcastle. BBC Stoke. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  19. ^ Markets and Town Centres Information. Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  20. ^ History of the New Vic theatre. New Vic Theatre. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
  21. ^ a b Borough Museum and Art Gallery. Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
  22. ^ "Police costs shut down carnival", BBC News, 2005-10-26. Carnival is a festival season which occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February and March Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.  
  23. ^ Philip Astley 1742 - 1814. Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  24. ^ Jackie Trent Biography. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  25. ^ Arnold Bennett Profile. Literary Heritage. Shropshire County Council. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  26. ^ Dinah Craik. Literary Heritage. Shropshire County Council. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  27. ^ ES Turner Obituary. Daily Telegraph. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. Telegraph Media Group Limited (2006-07-17). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  28. ^ The Christian History of Stoke-on-Trent. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  29. ^ Towns and Villages - Newcastle-under-Lyme. BBC Stoke. Retrieved on 2007-05-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance.
  30. ^ Warm welcome for summit delegates. Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council (2006-06-15). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John

Bibliography

External links

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