| City of Newark | |||
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| Nickname: The Brick City | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country | United States | ||
| State | New Jersey | ||
| County | Essex | ||
| Founded/Incorporated | 1666/1836 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Type | Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) | ||
| - Mayor | Cory Booker, term of office 2006–2010 | ||
| Area [1] | |||
| - City | 26. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The US state of New Jersey has 21 counties New Jersey was governed by two separate groups of proprietors as two distinct provinces East Jersey Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U The Faulkner Act, or Optional Municipal Charter Law, provides for New Jersey municipalities to adopt a '''Mayor-Council''' government Cory Anthony Booker (born April 27, 1969) is the current Mayor of Newark, New Jersey. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status 0 sq mi (67. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 3 km²) | ||
| - Land | 23. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 8 sq mi (61. 6 km²) | ||
| - Water | 2. 2 sq mi (5. 7 km²) | ||
| Elevation | 30 ft (9 m) | ||
| Population (2006)[2] | |||
| - City | 281,402 | ||
| - Density | 11,400/sq mi (4,400/km²) | ||
| - Metro | 18,818,536 | ||
| Time zone | Eastern Standard Time (UTC-5) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | ||
| ZIP codes | 07100-07199 | ||
| Area code(s) | 862, 973 | ||
| FIPS code | 34-51000[3] | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 0878762[4] | ||
| Website: http://www.ci.newark.nj.us/ | |||
Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States, and the county seat of Essex County. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Area code 862 is a North American Numbering Plan Area code for Northern New Jersey that covers portions of the Counties of Bergen, Essex Area code 973 is a North American Numbering Plan Area code for Northern New Jersey that covers portions of Bergen, Essex, Hudson Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout A City in the context of New Jersey local government refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U As of the 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 273,546, making it the largest municipality in New Jersey and the 64th largest city in the U.S. According to the US Census Bureau, the city's 2006 population estimate is 281,402, an increase of 2. This is a list of the 566 municipalities in the US state of New Jersey, ordered by population The The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 9% from 2000. [2]
It is located approximately five miles (8 km) west of Manhattan and two miles (3 km) north of Staten Island. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name Its location near the Atlantic Ocean on Newark Bay has helped make its port facility, Port Newark, the major container shipping port on Newark Bay and for New York Harbor. See also Newark Bay South Georgia Newark Bay is a body of water a tidal back bay of New York Harbor formed at the confluence Not to be confused with Port Elizabeth New Jersey Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is the name for the port facility in Containerization (or containerisation) is a system of Intermodal freight transport Cargo Transport using standard ISO containers New York Harbor, a geographic term refers collectively to the rivers bays and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City Together with Elizabeth, it is the home of Newark Liberty International Airport, which was the first major airport to serve the New York metropolitan area. Elizabeth is a city in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. Newark Liberty International Airport, first named Newark Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international Airport within the The New York metropolitan area, often referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the most populous Metropolitan area in the United States and is also one
Newark was originally formed as a township on October 31, 1693, based on the Newark Tract, which was first purchased on July 11, 1667. A township, in the context of New Jersey Local government, refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Newark was granted a Royal Charter on April 27, 1713, and was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1713 ( MDCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a During its time as a township, portions were taken to form Springfield Township (April 14, 1794), Caldwell Township (February 16, 1798, now known as Fairfield Township), Orange Township (November 27, 1806), Bloomfield Township (March 23, 1812) and Clinton Township (April 14, 1834, remainder reabsorbed by Newark on March 5, 1902). see also Springfield Township Burlington County, New Jersey for another township in New Jersey with the same name Springfield Township Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a This article is about a township in Essex County The other Fairfield in New Jersey is Fairfield Township Cumberland County New Jersey. The City of Orange is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Bloomfield is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Clinton Township was a township located in Essex County, New Jersey, United States, which existed from 1834 to 1902 Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Newark was reincorporated as a city on April 11, 1836, replacing Newark Township, based on the results of a referendum passed on March 18, 1836. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The previously independent Vailsburg borough was annexed by Newark on January 1, 1905. Vailsburg is a neighborhood in the West ward of Newark New Jersey. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting [5] Newark is divided into five wards; North Ward, South Ward, West Ward, East Ward, and Central Ward.
Contents |
History
Newark was founded in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat from the New Haven Colony. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, Robert Treat ( February 23, 1622 – July 12, 1710) was an American colonial leader and governor of Connecticut between 1683 and The New Haven Colony was an English colonial venture in present-day Connecticut in North America from 1637 to 1662. The New Haven colonists had been forced out of power for sheltering the judges who had fled to Connecticut after sentencing Charles I of England to death. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution.
They sought to establish a colony with strict church rules similar to the one they had established in Milford, Connecticut. Milford is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. Treat wanted to name the community "Milford. " Another settler Abraham Pierson said the community reflecting the new task at hand should be named "New Ark" or "New Work. " The name was shortened to Newark. [6][7]
Trent and the party bought the property on the Passaic River from the Hackensack Indians by exchanging gunpowder, one hundred bars of lead, twenty axes, twenty coats, guns, pistols, swords, kettles, blankets, knives, beer, and ten pairs of breeches. The Passaic River is a Tributary of Newark Bay, approximately 80 mi (129 km long in northern New Jersey in the United States. Gunpowder is a an explosive mixture of Sulfur, Charcoal and Potassium nitrate (also known as saltpetre/saltpeter that burns rapidly producing volumes The total control of the community by the Church continued until 1733 when Josiah Ogden harvested wheat on a Sunday following a lengthy rainstorm and was disciplined by the Church for Sabbath breaking[8]. Sabbath breaking is defined as "not observing the Holy Sabbath day" and is usually considered a Sin within traditional Christianity and classical He left the church and corresponded with Episcopalian missionaries, who arrived to build a church in 1746 and broke up the Puritan theocracy. Theocracy is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler [9]
Industrial era to World War II
Newark's rapid growth began in the early 1800s, much of it due to a Massachusetts transplant named Seth Boyden. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Seth Boyden ( November 17, 1788 &ndash March 31, 1870) was an American inventor Boyden came to Newark in 1815, and immediately began a torrent of improvements to leather manufacture, culminating in the process for making patent leather. Patent leather is Leather that has been given a high gloss shiny finish Boyden's genius led to Newark's manufacturing nearly 90% of the nation's leather by 1870, bringing in $8. 6 million in revenue to the city in that year alone. In 1824, Boyden, bored with leather, found a way to produce malleable iron. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Newark also prospered by the construction of the Morris Canal in 1831. The Morris Canal was an Anthracite -carrying Canal that incorporated a series of water-driven inclined planes in its course across northern The canal connected Newark with the New Jersey hinterland, at that time a major iron and farm area.
Railroads arrived in 1834 and 1835. A flourishing shipping business resulted, and Newark became the area's industrial center. By 1826, Newark's population stood at 8,017, ten times the 1776 number. [10]
The middle 19th century saw continued growth and diversification of Newark's industrial base. The first commercially successful plastic — Celluloid — was produced in a factory on Mechanic Street by John Wesley Hyatt. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products Celluloid is the name of a class of compounds created from Nitrocellulose and Camphor, plus dyes and other agents John Wesley Hyatt ( November 28, 1837 &ndash May 10, 1920) was an American inventor Hyatt's Celluloid found its way into Newark-made carriages, billiard balls, and dentures. Billiard balls are used in Cue sports, such as Carom billiards, pool, and Snooker. Dentures are prosthetic devices constructed to replace missing teeth and which are supported by surrounding soft and hard tissues of the Oral cavity. Edward Weston perfected a process for zinc electroplating, as well as a superior arc lamp in Newark. Edward Henry Weston ( March 24 1886 &ndash January 1 1958) was an American photographer, and co-founder Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Electroplating is the process of using electrical current to reduce Cations of a desired material from a solution and coat a conductive object Newark's Military Park had the first public electric lamps anywhere in the United States. Before moving to Menlo Park, Thomas Edison himself made Newark home in the early 1870s. Edison Township (usually known as Edison) is a township in Middlesex County New Jersey, United States. He invented the stock ticker in the Brick City. Ticker tape was used by ticker tape machines, the Ticker tape timer stock ticker machines, or just stock tickers. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. [11]
In the late 19th century, Newark's industry was further developed, especially through the efforts of such men as J. W. Hyatt. From the mid-century on, numerous Irish and German immigrants moved to the city; the Germans established their own newspapers, which other ethnic groups have emulated. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as However, tensions existed between the "native stock" and the newer groups.
In the middle 19th century, Newark added insurance to its repertoire of businesses; Mutual Benefit was founded in the city in 1845 and Prudential in 1873. Insurance, in Law and Economics, is a form of Risk management primarily used to hedge against the Risk of a contingent loss Prudential Financial, Inc ( is a Fortune Global 500 and Fortune 500 company whose subsidiaries provide Insurance, Investment management, and Prudential, or "the Pru" as generations knew it, was founded by another transplanted New Englander, John Fairfield Dryden. He found a niche catering to the middle and lower classes. In the late 1980s, companies based in Newark sold more insurance than those in any city except Hartford, Connecticut. [12]
In 1880, Newark's population stood at 136,508; in 1890 at 181,830; in 1900 at 246,070; and in 1910 at 347,000, a jump of 200,000 in three decades. [13] As Newark's population approached a half million in the 1920s, the city's potential seemed limitless. It was said in 1927: "Great is Newark's vitality. It is the red blood in its veins – this basic strength that is going to carry it over whatever hurdles it may encounter, enable it to recover from whatever losses it may suffer and battle its way to still higher achievement industrially and financially, making it eventually perhaps the greatest industrial center in the world". [14]
Newark was bustling in the early to mid-20th century. Market and Broad Streets served as a center of retail commerce for the region, anchored by four flourishing department stores: Hahne & Company, L. Bamberger and Company, L. Hahne & Company (commonly known as Hahne's was a Department store chain based in Newark New Jersey. Louis Bamberger (1855-1944 was Newark New Jersey 's leading citizen from the early 1900s until his death in 1944 S. Plaut and Company, and Kresge's. "Broad Street today is the Mecca of visitors as it has been through all its long history," Newark merchants boasted, "they come in hundreds of thousands now when once they came in hundreds. "[15]
In 1922, Newark had 63 live theaters, 46 movie theaters, and an active nightlife. Dutch Schultz was killed in 1935 at the local Palace Bar. Dutch Schultz ( August 6, 1902 &ndash October 24, 1935) was a New York City -area gangster of the 1920s and 1930s Billie Holiday frequently stayed at the Coleman Hotel. Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan; April 7 1915 – July 17 1959 was an American Jazz singer and songwriter By some measures, the intersection of Market and Broad Streets — known as the "Four Corners" — was the busiest intersection in the United States. In 1915, Public Service counted over 280,000 pedestrian crossings in one thirteen-hour period. Eleven years later, on October 26, 1926, a State Motor Vehicle Department check at the Four Corners counted 2,644 trolleys, 4,098 buses, 2657 taxis, 3474 commercial vehicles, and 23,571 automobiles. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Traffic in Newark was so heavy that the city converted the old bed of the Morris Canal into the Newark City Subway, making Newark one of the few cities in the country to have an underground system. The Morris Canal was an Anthracite -carrying Canal that incorporated a series of water-driven inclined planes in its course across northern The Newark Light Rail is a Light rail system under New Jersey Transit Bus Operations serving Newark, New Jersey.
New skyscrapers were being built every year, the two tallest being the 40-story Art Deco National Newark Building and the Lefcourt-Newark Building. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial In 1948, just after World War II, Newark hit its peak population of just under 450,000. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The population also grew as immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe settled here. Newark was the center of distinctive neighborhoods, including a large Eastern European Jewish community concentrated along Prince Street.
According to legend, the Texas-born artist Robert Rauschenberg accidentally left his bus in Newark and spent a week there before he realized it wasn't New York City. [16]
Post-World War II era
Problems existed underneath the industrial hum. In 1930, a city commissioner told the Optimists, a local booster club:
| “ | Newark is not like the city of old. The old, quiet residential community is a thing of the past, and in its place has come a city teeming with activity. With the change has come something unfortunate—the large number of outstanding citizens who used to live within the community's boundaries has dwindled. Many of them have moved to the suburbs and their home interests are there. [17] | ” |
While many observers attributed Newark's decline to post-World War II phenomena, others point to an earlier decline in the city budget as an indicator of problems. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including It fell from $58 million in 1938 to only $45 million in 1944. This was a slow recovery from the Great Depression. The buildup to World War II was causing an increase in the nation's economy. The city increased its tax rate from $4. 61 to $5. 30.
Some attribute Newark's downfall to its propensity for building large housing projects. Newark's housing had long been a matter of concern, as much of it was older. A 1944 city-commissioned study showed that 31 percent of all Newark dwelling units were below standards of health, and only 17 percent of Newark's units were owner-occupied. Vast sections of Newark consisted of wooden tenements, and at least 5,000 units failed to meet thresholds of being a decent place to live. Bad housing was the cause of demands that government intervene in the housing market to improve conditions. [18]
Historian Kenneth T. Jackson and others theorized that Newark, with a poor center surrounded by middle-class outlying areas, only did well when it was able to annex middle-class suburbs. Kenneth Terry Jackson (born 1939 is a Professor of History and Social sciences at Columbia University. When municipal annexation broke down, urban problems were exacerbated as the middle-class ring became divorced from the poor center. In 1900, Newark's mayor had confidently speculated, "East Orange, Vailsburg, Harrison, Kearny, and Belleville would be desirable acquisitions. East Orange is a city in Essex County, New Jersey, USA As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 69824 Vailsburg is a neighborhood in the West ward of Newark New Jersey. Harrison is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Kearny (ˈkɑɹni is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Belleville is a Township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. By an exercise of discretion we can enlarge the city from decade to decade without unnecessarily taxing the property within our limits, which has already paid the cost of public improvements. " Only Vailsburg would ever be added. [19]
Although numerous problems predated World War II, Newark was more hamstrung by a number of trends in the post-WWII era. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Federal Housing Administration redlined virtually all of Newark, preferring to back up mortgages in the white suburbs. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA is a United States Government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934. Redlining is the practice of denying or increasing the cost of services such as Banking, Insurance, access to jobs access to health care or even Supermarkets This made it impossible for people to get mortgages for purchase or loans for improvements. Manufacturers set up in lower wage environments outside the city and received larger tax deductions for building new factories in outlying areas than for rehabilitating old factories in the city. The federal tax structure essentially subsidized such inequities.
Billed as transportation improvements, construction of new highways: Interstate 280, the New Jersey Turnpike, and Interstate 78 harmed Newark. Interstate 280 (abbreviated I-280) is a 1785-mile (2873 km Interstate Highway, providing a spur from Interstate 80 to Newark New Jersey and The New Jersey Turnpike (or simply The Turnpike as it is known to New Jersey residents is a Toll road in New Jersey and is one of the most heavily traveled Route description Pennsylvania See also Interstate 78 in Pennsylvania I-78 begins at a directional-T interchange with Interstate They directly hurt the city by dividing the fabric of neighborhoods and displacing many residents. The highways indirectly hurt the city because the new infrastructure made it easier for middle-class workers to live in the suburbs and commute into the city.
Despite its problems, Newark tried to remain vital in the postwar era. The city successfully persuaded Prudential and Mutual Benefit to stay and build new offices. Prudential Financial, Inc ( is a Fortune Global 500 and Fortune 500 company whose subsidiaries provide Insurance, Investment management, and Rutgers University-Newark and Seton Hall University expanded their Newark presences, with the former building a brand-new campus on a 23-acre (9 hectare) urban renewal site. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey (also known as Rutgers University) is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey made Port Newark the first container port in the nation. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ) is a bi-state Port district, established in 1921 (as the Port of New York Authority) through Not to be confused with Port Elizabeth New Jersey Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is the name for the port facility in South of the city, it built Newark Liberty International Airport, now the thirteenth busiest airport in the United States. Newark Liberty International Airport, first named Newark Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international Airport within the
The city made serious mistakes with public housing and urban renewal, although these were not the sole causes of Newark's tragedy. Public housing is a form of Housing tenure in which the property is owned by a Government authority which may be central or local Urban Renewal (similar to Urban Regeneration in British English) is a controversial U Across several administrations, the city leaders of Newark considered the federal government's offer to pay for 100% of the costs of housing projects as a blessing. The decline in industrial jobs meant that more poor people needed housing, whereas in prewar years, public housing was for working class families. While other cities were skeptical about putting so many poor families together and were cautious in building housing projects, Newark pursued federal funds. Eventually, Newark had a higher percentage of its residents in public housing than any other American city.
The largely Italian-American First Ward was one of the hardest hit by urban renewal. An Italian American is an American of Italian descent and/or dual citizenship Seventh Avenue formerly known as the First Ward is a neighborhood in Newark New Jersey 's North Ward A 46-acre (19 hectare) housing tract, labeled a slum because it had dense older housing, was torn down for multi-story, multi-racial Le Corbusier-style high rises, named the Christopher Columbus Homes. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, who chose to be known as Le Corbusier ( October 6, 1887 – August 27, 1965) was a Swiss The tract had contained 8th Avenue, the commercial heart of the neighborhood. Fifteen small-scale blocks were combined into three "superblocks". The Columbus Homes, never in harmony with the rest of the neighborhood, were vacated in the 1970s. They were finally torn down in 1994. [20]
From 1950 to 1960, while Newark's overall population dropped from 438,000 to 408,000, it gained 65,000 non-whites. By 1966, Newark had a black majority, a faster turnover than most other northern cities had experienced. Evaluating the riots of 1967, Newark educator Nathan Wright, Jr. The 1967 Newark Riots were a major Civil disturbance that occurred in the city of Newark New Jersey between July 12 and July 17 1967 said, "No typical American city has as yet experienced such a precipitous change from a white to a black majority. " The misfortune of the Great Migration and Puerto Rican migration was that Southern blacks and Puerto Ricans were moving to Newark to be industrial workers just as the industrial jobs were decreasing sharply. See also Second Great Migration (African American The Great Migration was the movement of approximately seven million African-Americans out of the A Puerto Rican ('puertorriqueño' ( Taíno term boricua) is a person who was born in Puerto Rico. The latest migrants to Newark left poverty in the South to find poverty in the North.
During the 1950s alone, Newark's white population decreased by more than 25 percent from 363,000 to 266,000. From 1960 to 1967, its white population fell a further 46,000. Although in-migration of new ethnic groups combined with white flight markedly affected the demographics of Newark, the racial composition of city workers did not change as rapidly. In addition, the political and economic power in the city remained based in the white population.
In 1967, out of a police force of 1,400, only 150 members were black, mostly in subordinate positions. Racial tensions arose because of the disproportion between residents and police demographics. Since Newark's blacks lived in neighborhoods that had been white only two decades earlier, nearly all of their apartments and stores were white-owned as well. The loss of jobs affected overall income in the city, and many owners cut back on maintenance of buildings, contributing to a cycle of deterioration in housing stock.
Without consulting any residents of the neighborhood to be affected, Mayor Addonizio offered to condemn and raze 150 acres (61 hectares) of a densely populated black neighborhood in the central ward for the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ). Hugh Joseph Addonizio ( January 31 1914 in Newark New Jersey &ndash February 2 1981 in Red Bank New Jersey) was an The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey is the state-run Health sciences institution of New Jersey and comprises eight distinct academic units the New UMDNJ had wanted to settle in suburban Madison. Madison is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, in the United States.
1967 Newark riots
On July 12, 1967, a man named John Smith was beaten by police after allegedly violently resisting arrest. The 1967 Newark Riots were a major Civil disturbance that occurred in the city of Newark New Jersey between July 12 and July 17 1967 Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. He had driven around a double-parked police car and shot at the police. A crowd gathered outside the police station where Smith was detained. Due to miscommunication, the crowd believed Smith had died in custody, although he had been transported to a hospital via a back entrance to the station. This sparked scuffles between blacks and police in the Fourth Ward, although the damage toll was only $2,500.
Subsequent to television news broadcasts on July 13 however, new and larger riots took place. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Race Riot is a 1929 animated Short subject, featuring Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. Twenty-six people were killed; 1,500 wounded; 1,600 arrested; and $10 million in property was destroyed. More than a thousand businesses were torched or looted, including 167 groceries (most of which would never reopen). Newark's reputation suffered dramatically. It was said, "wherever American cities are going, Newark will get there first. "[21]
After the riots
The 1970s and 1980s brought continued decline. The middle class of all races continued to leave the city. Certain pockets of the city developed as domains of poverty and social isolation. Whenever the media of New York needed to find some example of urban despair, they traveled to Newark.
In American Pastoral, the 1997 novel by Newark-born author Philip Roth, the protagonist Swede Levov says:
| “ | Newark used to be the city where they manufactured everything, now it's the car theft capital of the world . American Pastoral is a Philip Roth novel concerning Seymour "Swede" Levov a Jewish-American businessman and former high school athlete from Newark Philip Milton Roth (born March 19, 1933, Newark New Jersey) is an American novelist . . there was a factory where somebody was making something on every side street. Now there's a liquor store on every street — a liquor store, a pizza stand, and a seedy storefront church. Everything else is in ruins or boarded up. | ” |
In January 1975, an article in Harper's Magazine ranked the fifty largest American cities in twenty-four categories, ranging from park space to crime. Harper's Magazine (also Harper's) is a monthly general-interest Magazine of literature politics culture finance and the arts Newark was one of the five worst in nineteen out of twenty-four categories, and the very worst in nine. According to the article, only 70 percent of residents owned a telephone. St. Louis, the city ranked second worst, was much farther from Newark than the cities in the top five were from each other. The article concluded:
| “ | The city of Newark stands without serious challenge as the worst city of all. It ranked among the worst cities in no fewer than nineteen of twenty-four categories, and it was dead last in nine of them. . . Newark is a city that desperately needs help. [22] | ” |
Newark has had several achievements in the two and a half decades since the riots. In 1968, the New Community Corporation was founded. Formation New Community Corporation was formed by a group of community leaders in 1968 as a response to the riots of July 1967 which left 26 dead and caused approximately It has become one of the most successful community development corporations in the nation. Community Development Corporation (CDC is a broad term referring to Not-for-profit organizations incorporated to provide programs offer services and engage in other activities By 1987, the NCC owned and managed 2,265 low-income housing units.
Newark's downtown began to redevelop in the post-riot decades. Less than two weeks after the riots, Prudential announced plans to underwrite a $24 million office complex near Penn Station, dubbed "Gateway. Pennsylvania Station in Newark New Jersey (also known as Newark Penn Station) is a railroad/subway/bus transportation hub " Today, Gateway houses thousands of white-collar workers, though few live in Newark. [23]
Before the riots, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey was considering building in the suburbs. The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey is the state-run Health sciences institution of New Jersey and comprises eight distinct academic units the New The riots and Newark's undeniable desperation kept the medical school in the city. However, instead of being built on 167 acres (676,000 m²), the medical school was built on just 60 acres, part of which was already city owned. Students at the medical school soon started the "Student Family Health Clinic" to provide free health care for the underserved population, along with other community service projects. It continues to operate today as one of the nation's oldest student-run free health clinics.
In 1970, Kenneth A. Gibson was elected mayor, the first of a major northeastern city and one of the early African-American mayors in the nation. Kenneth Allen Gibson (born May 15 1932 in Enterprise Alabama) is an American Democratic Party Politician, who was elected in 1970 as the The 1970s were a time of battles between Gibson and the shrinking white population. Gibson admitted that "Newark may be the most decayed and financially crippled city in the nation. " He and the city council raised taxes to try to improve services such as schools and sanitation, but they did nothing for Newark's economic base. The CEO of Ballantine's Brewery asserted that Newark's $1 million annual tax bill was the cause of the company's bankruptcy. [24]
Newark's Renaissance
Downtown
The New Jersey Performing Arts Center, which opened in the downtown area in 1997 at a cost of $180 million, is seen by many as the first step in the city's road to revival. New Jersey Performing Arts Center ( NJPAC) located in the heart of an emerging downtown Newark, New Jersey, United States, is the sixth It has brought some 1. 6 million people to Newark who otherwise might never have visited. NJPAC is known for its acoustics and features the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra as its resident orchestra. The New Jersey Symphony Orchestra ( NJSO) is a symphony orchestra located in the state of New Jersey, United States. NJPAC also presents a diverse group of visiting artists such as Itzhak Perlman, Sarah Brightman, Sting, 'N Sync, Lauryn Hill, the Vienna Boys' Choir, Yo Yo Ma, the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam, and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. Itzhak Perlman (born August 31, 1945) is an Israeli American Violin Virtuoso, conductor, and Pedagogue Sarah Brightman (born 14 August 1960 is an English classical crossover Soprano, actress songwriter and dancer Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE (born October 2, 1951) better known by his Stage name Sting, is a three time Academy Award Lauryn Noel Hill is a Grammy Award -winning American Singer, Rapper, Musician, Songwriter, producer, and The Vienna Boys' Choir (Wiener Sängerknaben is a Choir of trebles and Altos based in Vienna. This is an Anglicized version of the Chinese name "Ma Yo-yo" the family name is " Ma " The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (In Dutch: Koninklijk Concertgebouworkest) is the best-known and most respected Symphony orchestra of the Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater is a Modern dance company based in New York New York. [25]
Since then, the city has built a baseball stadium (Riverfront Stadium) for the Newark Bears, the city's minor league team. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each The Newark Bears are a professional baseball team based in Newark New Jersey, in the United States Minor leagues are professional Sports leagues which are not regarded as the premier leagues in those sports In 2007, the Prudential Center (nicknamed, "The Rock") opened for the New Jersey Devils. This article is about the sports arena in Newark New Jersey For the Boston Massachusetts complex see Prudential Tower. The New Jersey Devils are a professional Ice hockey team based in Newark New Jersey. The Passaic River waterfront is being refurbished through downtown to provide citizens with access to the river. The Newark Public Library is planning a major renovation and expansion. The Newark Public Library is the Public library system for the city of Newark New Jersey. The Port Authority constructed a rail connection to the airport (AirTrain Newark). AirTrain Newark is a 19-mile (3km Monorail system connecting Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR to the Newark Liberty International Airport train Numerous commercial developments have arisen in the downtown area.
Much of the city's revitalization efforts have been focused in the downtown area, however adjoining neighborhoods have, in recent years, begun to see some signs of development, particularly in the Central Ward. Since 2000, Newark has gained population, its first increase since the 1940s. Nevertheless, the "Renaissance" has been unevenly felt across the city and some districts continue to have below-average household incomes and higher-than-average rates of poverty.
By the mid-2000s, the rate of crime had fallen by 58 percent from historic highs associated with severe drug problems in the mid-1990s, though murders remained high for a city of its size. In the first two months of 2008, the murder rate dropped dramatically, with no murders recorded for 43 days.
Newark's nicknames reflect the efforts to revitalize downtown. In the 1950s a term New Newark was given to the city after the former-mayor Leo Carlin made efforts to convince major corporations in the city to remain in Newark. In the 1960s Newark was nicknamed Gateway City after the redeveloped Gateway Center area downtown, which shares its name with the tourism region of which Newark is a part. It has more recently been called Renaissance City by the media and the public to gain recognition for its revitalization efforts. [26]
Lincoln Park/The Coast
The Lincoln Park/Coast neighborhood is the second district of Newark to undergo large-scale redevelopment. The Coast or Lincoln Park is a neighborhood of Newark, New Jersey, bounded by the Springfield/Belmont, South Broad Valley South The area once referred to as The Coast and now referred to as Lincoln Park, was deemed the Lincoln Park/Coast Cultural District by the city. Future additions will include a Museum of African-American Music, an Arts Park, new housing, a restaurant, a nightclub, and a music studio and a dance studio. [27] This area already has the Theater Cafe, the City Without Walls gallery and Symphony Hall, as well as other cultural sites. Symphony Hall is likely to be renovated in the near future.
After much of the development in the Downtown/Arts district and the ongoing need for a link between Newark Penn Station and the Broad Street Station, the first link of the light rail was built. Pennsylvania Station in Newark New Jersey (also known as Newark Penn Station) is a railroad/subway/bus transportation hub Newark Broad Street Station is a historic New Jersey Transit Commuter rail station at 25 University Avenue in Newark, New Jersey. With the development anchored around the museum in the Coast and the need for a second link to Newark Airport, this neighborhood has already become a candidate for a future light rail system with a stop for Lincoln Park/Symphony Hall. Newark Liberty International Airport, first named Newark Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international Airport within the
Geography and climate
Geography
Located at 40° 44' 14" north and 74° 10' 55" west, Newark is 24. 14 square miles (63 km²) in area. It has the second smallest land area among 100 most populous cities in the U. S, after neighboring Jersey City. The city's altitude ranges from 0 to 273. 4 feet (83 m) above sea level, with the average being 55 feet (17 m). A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International [28] Newark is essentially a large basin sloping towards the Passaic River, with a few valleys formed by meandering streams. The Passaic River is a Tributary of Newark Bay, approximately 80 mi (129 km long in northern New Jersey in the United States. Historically, Newark's high places have been its wealthier neighborhoods. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the wealthy congregated on the ridges of Forest Hill, High Street, and Weequahic.
Until the 20th century, the marshes on Newark Bay were difficult to develop. In Geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of Wetland which is subject The marshes were essentially wilderness, with a few dumps, warehouses, and cemeteries on their edges. In the 19th century, Newarkers mourned that a fifth of their city could not be used for development. However, in the 20th century, the Port Authority was able to reclaim much of the marshland for the further expansion of Newark Airport, as well as the growth of the port lands. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ) is a bi-state Port district, established in 1921 (as the Port of New York Authority) through Newark Liberty International Airport, first named Newark Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international Airport within the
Newark is surrounded by residential suburbs to the west (on the slope of the Watchung Mountains), the Passaic River and Newark Bay to the east, dense urban areas to the south and southwest, and middle-class residential suburbs and industrial areas to the north. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. The Watchung Mountains are a group of three long low ridges of volcanic origin between 400 ft
Neighborhoods
Newark is New Jersey's largest and second-most diverse city, after neighboring Jersey City. The following is a list of Neighborhoods in Newark, New Jersey, USA. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Its neighborhoods are populated with people from various backgrounds, such as African Americans, Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, Italians, Albanians, Irish, Spaniards, Jamaicans, Haitians, West Africans, Brazilians, Ecuadorians, and a sizeable Portuguese population. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa A Puerto Rican ('puertorriqueño' ( Taíno term boricua) is a person who was born in Puerto Rico. The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging } Albanians (Shqiptarët are an Ethnic group and a Nation, in the sense of sharing a common Albanian culture speaking the Albanian language The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. Haiti ( English: ˈheɪ·tiː or haɪ·ˈjiː·tiː French Haïti a·i·ti Haitian Creole: West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula.
The city is divided into five political wards, which are often used by residents to identify their place of habitation. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district In recent years, residents have begun to identify with specific neighborhood names instead of the larger ward appellations. Nevertheless, the wards remain relatively distinct. Industrial uses, coupled with the airport and seaport lands, are concentrated in the East and South Wards, while residential neighborhoods exist primarily in the North, Central, and West Wards.
The geography of the city is such that only the predominantly poor Central Ward shares an unbroken border with the downtown area (the North Ward is separated from the downtown by Interstate 280 and the East Ward is separated by railroad tracks; the South and West Wards do not share a border with the downtown area). Downtown is a term primarily used in North America to refer to a city's core usually in a geographical commercial and community sense Interstate 280 (abbreviated I-280) is a 1785-mile (2873 km Interstate Highway, providing a spur from Interstate 80 to Newark New Jersey and
Newark's North Ward is the ridge to the east of Branch Brook Park. Branch Brook Park is a county park of Essex County, New Jersey in the United States, located in the North Ward of Newark between the neighborhoods The still-affluent Forest Hill is in the North Ward, as are heavily Latino areas east of Mount Prospect Avenue. Forest Hill is an affluent pre-World War II neighborhood in Newark, New Jersey 's North Ward The Central Ward contains much of the city's original history including the Lincoln Park, Military Park and the James Street Commons Historic Districts. The Ward also contains the University Heights Neighborhood. In the 19th century it was inhabited by Germans. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The German inhabitants were later replaced by Jews, who were then replaced by blacks. Newark built many public housing projects on superblocks in the Central Ward in the 20th century [1]; hence, many of the streets in this ward are no longer arranged in a grid. Public housing is a form of Housing tenure in which the property is owned by a Government authority which may be central or local A city block, urban block or simply block is a central element of Urban planning and Urban design. The West Ward comprises the neighborhoods of Roseville and Vailsburg. Roseville is a neighborhood in northwestern Newark New Jersey, bordering Bloomfield and East Orange. Vailsburg is a neighborhood in the West ward of Newark New Jersey. Vailsburg is largely black, while Roseville is mainly Latino and Italian American. An Italian American is an American of Italian descent and/or dual citizenship The South Ward comprises poor and crime-ridden areas and the low-income Weequahic district. Weequahic (pronounced wikʷeɪk though many locals say wikweɪk is a residential neighborhood in Newark, New Jersey 's South Ward It was the last part of Newark to be developed. At the southern end of the ward is Weequahic Park. Weequahic Park is a park located in the south ward of Newark New Jersey. Finally, the East Ward consists of Newark's downtown commercial district, as well as the heavily Portuguese Ironbound neighborhood, where much of Newark's industry was located in the 19th century. The Ironbound is a large working-class neighborhood in Newark New Jersey. Today, due to the enterprise of its immigrant population, the Ironbound (also known as "Down Neck") is the most commercially successful part of Newark.
Climate
Newark has a humid subtropical climate according to the Köppen climate classification, with cold winters and hot & humid summers. Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist Its proximity to the ocean has a moderating effect. Also, being near to the Altantic means Newark tends to be warmer than cities at a similar latitude or even somewhat further south, such as Chicago, Columbus, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis (although St. Louis is usually hotter in summer). Temperatures below 0 °F (-18°C) are rare, but temperatures between 10 °F (-12°C) and 20 °F (-7°C) are not uncommon during winter nights. The average high temperature during the winter ranges from 38 degrees to 42 degrees. Accumulated snow on the ground does not usually remain for very long. Springs in Newark are quite mild, with average high temperatures ranging from the 40s°F (4°C) in March to the 70s/80s °F (21/27°C) by early June. Summers are particularly hot and humid, with day temperatures usually in the 80s °F (27°C) and exceeding 90 °F (32°C) on many days. Heat advisories are not uncommon during the summer months, particularly July and August, the hottest months of the year when temperatures can reach 100°F (38°C) with high humidity. The city cools off during autumn, with high temperatures ranging between the 50s °F (10°C) and 70s °F (21°C).
The city receives precipitation ranging from 3" to 4. 5" monthly. Measurable snowfall occurs each winter, but in lesser amounts than cities in the midwest at a similar latitude.
| Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures | ||||||||||||
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rec High °F | 74 | 76 | 89 | 97 | 99 | 103 | 105 | 105 | 105 | 92 | 85 | 76 |
| Norm High °F | 38. 1 | 41. 1 | 50. 1 | 60. 8 | 71. 4 | 80. 2 | 85. 2 | 83. 2 | 75. 7 | 64. 7 | 53. 7 | 43 |
| Norm Low °F | 24. 4 | 26. 6 | 34. 2 | 43. 7 | 54. 1 | 63. 5 | 69. 1 | 67. 7 | 59. 9 | 48. 2 | 39. 1 | 29. 8 |
| Rec Low °F | -8 | -7 | 6 | 16 | 33 | 43 | 52 | 45 | 35 | 28 | 15 | -1 |
| Precip (in) | 3. 98 | 2. 96 | 4. 21 | 3. 92 | 4. 46 | 3. 4 | 4. 68 | 4. 02 | 4. 01 | 3. 16 | 3. 88 | 3. 57 |
| Source: USTravelWeather. com [2] | ||||||||||||
Demographics
| Newark, New Jersey | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1790 | 1,000 |
|
|
| 1800 | 6,000 | 500% | |
| 1830 | 10,953 |
|
|
| 1840 | 17,290 | 57. 9% | |
| 1850 | 38,894 | 125% | |
| 1860 | 71,941 | 85% | |
| 1870 | 105,059 | 46% | |
| 1880 | 136,508 | 29. 9% | |
| 1890 | 181,830 | 33. 2% | |
| 1900 | 246,070 | 35. 3% | |
| 1910 | 347,469 | 41. 2% | |
| 1920 | 414,524 | 19. 3% | |
| 1930 | 442,337 | 6. 7% | |
| 1940 | 429,760 | −2. 8% | |
| 1950 | 438,776 | 2. 1% | |
| 1960 | 405,220 | −7. 6% | |
| 1970 | 381,930 | −5. 7% | |
| 1980 | 329,248 | −13. 8% | |
| 1990 | 275,221 | −16. 4% | |
| 2000 | 273,546 | −0. 6% | |
| Est. 2006 | 281,402 | [2] | 2. 9% |
| Population 1930 - 1990. [29] | |||
As of the census[3] of 2000, there are 273,546 people, 91,382 households, and 61,956 families residing in Newark; recent census projections show that the population has already increased to around 280,000. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 11,400/mile² (4,400/km²), or 21,000/mile² (8,100 km²) once airport, railroad, and seaport lands are excluded, the second-highest in the nation of any city with over 250,000 residents (after New York City). Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The City of New York
The racial makeup of the city was 53. 46% Black or African American, 26. 52% White, 1. 19% Asian, 0. 37% Native American, 0. 05% Pacific Islander, 14. 05% from other races, and 4. 36% from two or more races. 29. 47% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There is a significant Portuguese-speaking community, made up by Brazilian and Portuguese ethnicities, concentrated mainly at the Ironbound district.
There were 91,382 households out of which 35. 2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31. 0% were married couples living together, 29. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32. 2% were non-families. 26. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 85 and the average family size was 3. 43.
In the city the population was spread out with 27. 9% under the age of 18, 12. 1% from 18 to 24, 32. 0% from 25 to 44, 18. 7% from 45 to 64, and 9. 3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 94. 2 males. For every 100 females of age 18 and over, there were 91. 1 males.
Poverty and lack of investment
Poverty remains a consistent problem in Newark, despite its revitalization in recent years. Suburbanization and job loss contributed to a decline in white population of nearly 150,000 or one third from 1950 to 1967. The 1967 riots resulted in a significant population loss of both white and black middle classes which continued from the 1970s through to the 1990s. The city lost over 100,000 residents between 1960 and 1990.
The median income for a household in the city was $26,913, and the median income for a family was $30,781. Males had a median income of $29,748 versus $25,734 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,009. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country 28. 4% of the population and 25. 5% of families were below the poverty line. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 36. 6% of those under the age of 18 and 24. 1% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. In 2003, the city's unemployment rate was 12%.
Government
Local government
Effective as of July 1, 1954, the voters of the city of Newark, by a referendum held on November 3, 1953 and under the Optional Municipal Charter Law (commonly known as the Faulkner Act), adopted the Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) Plan C as the form of local government. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Optional Municipal Charter Law or Faulkner Act (NJSA § 4069A-1 et seq The Faulkner Act, or Optional Municipal Charter Law, provides for New Jersey municipalities to adopt a '''Mayor-Council''' government [30]
There are nine council members are elected on a nonpartisan basis at the regular municipal election or at the general election for terms of four years: one council member from each of five wards and four council members on an at-large basis. The mayor is also elected for a term of four years.
The Municipal Council is the legislative branch of city government. It enacts by ordinance, resolution or motion the local laws which govern the people of the city, and is responsible for approval of the municipal budget, establishment of financial controls, and setting of salaries of elected officials and top appointed administrators. It may reduce or increase appropriations requested by the Mayor. By these methods the Council decides "what" the city will do about any particular matter, and then the Mayor and cabinet members decide "how" to do it. It also renders advice and consent on the Mayor's appointments and policy programs, and may investigate, when necessary, any branch of municipal government. The Council also authorizes a continuing audit by an outside firm, of all city financial transactions.
As established by ordinance, regular public meetings of the Municipal Council are held on the first Wednesday of each month at 1:00 p. m. , and the third Wednesday of each month at 7:00 p. m. in the Municipal Council Chamber in City Hall. Exceptions are made for national or religious holidays. During July and August only one meeting is held each month. A special meeting of the Municipal Council may be called by the President or a majority of its members or by the Mayor whenever an emergency requires immediate action.
As of 2007, Newark's Municipal Council include the following members:
- Mildred C. Crump (Council President/Council Member-at-Large)
- Augusto Amador (Council Member, East Ward)
- Carlos M. Gonzalez (Council Member-at-Large)
- Oscar S. James, II (Council Member, South Ward)
- Donald M. Payne, Jr. (Council Member-at-Large) Who is also a Freeholder-at-Large
- Luis A. Quintana (Council Vice President/Council Member-at-Large)
- Anibal Ramos, Jr. (Council Member, North Ward)
- Ronald C. Rice (Council Member, West Ward)
- Dana Rone (Council Member, Central Ward)
On Election Day, May 9, 2006, Newark's nonpartisan election took place. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. In Political science, nonpartisan denotes an Election, event or organization in which the participants declare or do not formally have a Political party Cory Booker, who had lost to Sharpe James in the 2002 mayoral race, won with 72% of the vote, soundly defeating Ronald Rice, the former Deputy Mayor. Cory Anthony Booker (born April 27, 1969) is the current Mayor of Newark, New Jersey. Sharpe James (born February 20, 1936) is a Democratic politician from New Jersey, who served as State Senator for the 29th Legislative Ronald L Rice (born December 18, 1945) is an American Democratic Party politician who has served in the New Jersey State Senate Deputy mayor is an elective or appointive office of the second-ranking official in many local governments
Federal, state and county representation
Newark is in both the Tenth and Thirteenth Congressional Districts and is part of New Jersey's 27th, 28th and 29th Legislative Districts. [31]
New Jersey's Tenth Congressional District, covering portions of Essex County, Hudson County, and Union County, is represented by Donald M. Payne (D, Newark). New Jersey 's Tenth Congressional District is currently represented by Democrat Donald M Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U Hudson County is in New Jersey, United States. Its County seat is Jersey City. Union County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Donald Milford "Don" Payne (b July 16 1934, Newark New Jersey) is an American Democratic Party Politician from The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. New Jersey's Thirteenth Congressional District, covering portions of Essex, Hudson, Middlesex, and Union Counties, is now represented by Albio Sires (D, West New York), who won a special election held on November 7, 2006 to fill the vacancy the had existed since January 16, 2006. New Jersey 's Thirteenth Congressional District (together with the 14th district was created starting with the 73rd United States Congress in 1933 Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U Hudson County is in New Jersey, United States. Its County seat is Jersey City. Middlesex County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Union County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Albio Sires (born January 26 1951 in Bejucal, Provincia de la Habana, Cuba) is a Cuban American Democratic Party The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. West New York is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, situated upon the New Jersey Palisades. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The seat had been represented by Bob Menendez (D), who was appointed to the United States Senate to fill the seat vacated by Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine. Robert "Bob" Menendez (born January 1, 1954) is the junior Democratic Senator from New Jersey. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The Governor of New Jersey is the Chief executive of the US state of New Jersey. Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1 1947 is the Governor of New Jersey and a former United States Senator New Jersey is represented in the Senate by Frank Lautenberg (D, Cliffside Park) and Bob Menendez (D, Hoboken). The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Frank Raleigh Lautenberg (born January 23 1924 is an American businessman and Democratic Party Politician. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Cliffside Park is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Robert "Bob" Menendez (born January 1, 1954) is the junior Democratic Senator from New Jersey. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.
For the 2008-2009 Legislative Session, the 27th District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Richard Codey (D, West Orange) and in the Assembly by Mila Jasey (D, South Orange) and John F. McKeon (D, West Orange). The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton The New Jersey Senate is the Upper house of the New Jersey Legislature. Richard James "Dick" Codey (born November 27, 1946) is an American Democratic Party Politician in the U The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. West Orange is a township in central Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The New Jersey General Assembly is the Lower house of the New Jersey Legislature. Mila M Jasey ( May 5, 1951) is an American Democratic Party politician from South Orange, who serves in the New Jersey The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. South Orange Village is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. For the United States Representative from the State of New York see John McKeon John F The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. West Orange is a township in central Essex County, New Jersey, United States. [32] For the 2008-2009 Legislative Session, the 28th District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Ronald Rice (D, Newark) and in the Assembly by Ralph R. Caputo (D, Belleville) and Cleopatra Tucker (D, Newark). The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton The New Jersey Senate is the Upper house of the New Jersey Legislature. Ronald L Rice (born December 18, 1945) is an American Democratic Party politician who has served in the New Jersey State Senate The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The New Jersey General Assembly is the Lower house of the New Jersey Legislature. Ralph R Caputo (born October 31, 1940) is an American Democratic Party Politician, who has served in the New Jersey The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Belleville is a Township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Cleopatra G Tucker (born April 9, 1943) is an American Democratic Party Politician, who has served in the New Jersey The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. [33] For the 2008-2009 Legislative Session, the 29th District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Teresa Ruiz (D, Newark) and in the Assembly by Alberto Coutinho (D, Newark) and L. Grace Spencer (D, Newark). The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton The New Jersey Senate is the Upper house of the New Jersey Legislature. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The New Jersey General Assembly is the Lower house of the New Jersey Legislature. Albert Coutinho (born June 16, 1969) is an American Democratic Party Politician, who has served in the New Jersey The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. L Grace Spencer (born March 15, 1968) is an American Democratic Party Politician, who has served in the New Jersey The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. [34] The Governor of New Jersey is Jon Corzine (D, Hoboken). The Governor of New Jersey is the Chief executive of the US state of New Jersey. Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1 1947 is the Governor of New Jersey and a former United States Senator The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. [35]
Essex County's County Executive is Joseph N. Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U A county executive is the head of the executive branch of Government in a County. DiVincenzo, Jr. The executive, along with the Board of Chosen Freeholders administer all county business. In New Jersey, the Boards of Chosen Freeholders are the county legislatures of the 21 counties of the state. Essex County's Freeholders are Freeholder President Blonnie R. Watson, Freeholder Vice President Ralph R. Caputo, Freeholders-At-Large Johnny Jones, Donald M. Payne, Jr. , and Patricia Sebold, Freeholder District 1 Samuel Gonzalez, Freeholder District 2 D. Bilal Beasley, Freeholder District 3 Carol Y. Clark, Freeholder District 4 Linda Lordi Cavanaugh and Freeholder District 5 Ralph R. Caputo. Adrianne Davis, Clerk of the Board
Political turmoil
Newark has been marred with episodes of political corruption throughout the years. Five of the last seven Mayors of Newark have been indicted on criminal charges, including its three most recent Mayors: Hugh Addonizio, Kenneth Gibson, and Sharpe James. In the Common law legal system an indictment (ɪnˈdaɪtmənt (in-DITE-mint is a formal accusation of having committed a criminal offense Hugh Joseph Addonizio ( January 31 1914 in Newark New Jersey &ndash February 2 1981 in Red Bank New Jersey) was an Kenneth Allen Gibson (born May 15 1932 in Enterprise Alabama) is an American Democratic Party Politician, who was elected in 1970 as the Sharpe James (born February 20, 1936) is a Democratic politician from New Jersey, who served as State Senator for the 29th Legislative
Addonizio was mayor of Newark from 1962 to 1970. A son of Italian immigrants, he ran on a reform platform, defeating the incumbent, Leo Carlin, who, ironically, he characterized as corrupt and a part of the political machine of the era. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging During the 1967 riots, it was found that Addonizio and other city officials were taking kickbacks from city contractors. He was convicted of extortion and conspiracy in 1970, and was sentenced to ten years in federal prison.
His successor was Kenneth Gibson, the city's first African American mayor, elected in 1970. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa He pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion in 2002 as part of a plea agreement on fraud and bribery charges. During his tenure as Mayor in 1980, he was tried and acquitted of giving out no-show jobs by an Essex County jury. [36]
Sharpe James, who defeated Gibson in 1986 and declined to run for a sixth term in 2006, was indicted on 33 counts of conspiracy, mail fraud, and wire fraud by a federal grand jury sitting in Newark. In the Common law legal system an indictment (ɪnˈdaɪtmənt (in-DITE-mint is a formal accusation of having committed a criminal offense In the Criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between Natural persons to break the law at some time in the future and in some cases with at least one overt act Mail fraud refers to any scheme which attempts to unlawfully obtain money or valuables in which the Postal system is used at any point in the commission of a criminal offense Wire fraud is a legal concept in the United States Code which provides for enhanced penalty of any criminally fraudulent activity if it is determined that the activity involved In the Common law, a grand jury is a type of Jury which determines whether there is enough evidence for a trial. The grand jury charged that James illegally used city-owned credit cards for personal gain, illegally spending $58,000, and that James orchestrated a scheme to sell city-owned land at below-market prices to his companion, who immediately re-sold the land to developers and gained profit of over $500,000. James had an initial appearance on 12 July 2007 and has not yet entered a plea to the charges against him. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. For the Pygmy backswimmer Genus, see Plea (insect.
Crime
In 1996, MONEY Magazine ranked Newark "The Most Dangerous City in the Nation. "[37] In 2006, Newark had 104 homicides, which was the highest since 1995 and a spike from the 83 in 2004. In 2007, the city recorded a total of 99 homicides for the year. However, these numbers represent a significant drop from the record of 161 murders set in 1981. [38][39][40][41]
Newark grabbed national headlines in 2008 for a dramatic decline in murders. In January and February, Newark enjoyed 43 days without recording an official homicide, the longest streak since 1961, when the city went 57 days without a murder. As of March 12, Newark had six homicides on the books in 2008, compared to 18 by the same date in 2007. [42] As of March 23, 2008, Newark's 2008 murder rate is about 9. 2 per 100,000, a drop of 75% from 2006 levels.
Sister cities
Newark has five sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:[43]
Economy
Newark has over 300 types of businesses. Sister Cities International is a Non-profit organization dedicated to promoting and fostering Town twinning, especially between cities in the United States Banjul (formerly Bathurst officially the City of Banjul, is the Capital of The Gambia, and located within the division of the Douala is the largest city in Cameroon and the capital of Cameroon's Littoral Province. The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central and western Africa. Freeport is a city and Free trade zone on the island of Grand Bahama, located approximately 100 mi (160 km east-northeast of Fort Lauderdale, The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and Kumasi is a City in southern central Ghana. It is located near the Lake Bosomtwe, in the Rain Forest Region about 250 km (by road The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the Administration The Prefecture-level city of Xuzhou administers eleven county-level divisions, including five districts, two county-level Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES These include 1,800 retail, 540 wholesale establishments, eight major bank headquarters (including those of New Jersey's three largest banks), and twelve savings and loan association headquarters. Deposits in Newark-based banks are over $20 billion. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been
Newark is the third-largest insurance center in United States, after New York City and Hartford. The City of New York Prudential Insurance and Mutual Benefit Companies originated in Newark. Prudential Financial, Inc ( is a Fortune Global 500 and Fortune 500 company whose subsidiaries provide Insurance, Investment management, and The former, one of the largest insurance companies in the world, is still headquartered in Newark. Many other companies are headquartered in the city, including International Discount Telecommunications, New Jersey Transit, Public Service Electric and Gas (PSE&G), and Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield of New Jersey. IDT Corporation (originally standing for International Discount Telecommunications is a Telecommunications company headquartered in Newark New Jersey. The New Jersey Transit Corporation (usually shortened to New Jersey Transit, NJ Transit or NJT) is a statewide Public transportation system serving The Public Service Electric and Gas Company (commonly known as PSE&G, and originally known as the Public Service Corporation of New Jersey) ( is a regulated publicly Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey, headquartered in Newark, New Jersey, is the only licensed Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association plan in
Though Newark is not the industrial colossus of the past, the city does have a considerable amount of industry. The southern portion of the Ironbound, also known as the Industrial Meadowlands, has seen many factories built since World War II, including a large Anheuser Busch brewery. Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc ( (ˈænhаɪzər bʊʃ is the largest Brewing company in the United States with a 48 A brewery is a dedicated building for the making of Beer, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of beer's history The service industry is also growing rapidly, replacing those in the manufacturing industry, which was once Newark's primary economy. In addition, transportation has become a growing business in Newark, accounting for 24,000 jobs in 1996.
Newark based Companies:
- International Discount Telecommunications
- Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield of New Jersey
- Net2Phone
- Prudential Insurance
- Public Service Electric and Gas
- McCarter & English, LLP
Port Newark
Port Newark is the part of Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal that is in Newark. Not to be confused with Port Elizabeth New Jersey Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is the name for the port facility in It is a port facility on Newark Bay run by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey that serves as the principal container ship facility for goods entering and leaving the metropolitan region of New York City and the northeastern quadrant of North America. See also Newark Bay South Georgia Newark Bay is a body of water a tidal back bay of New York Harbor formed at the confluence The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ) is a bi-state Port district, established in 1921 (as the Port of New York Authority) through Container ships are Cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size containers in a technique called Containerization. The City of New York The Port is the fifteenth busiest in the world today, but was number one as recently as 1985. [44] In 2003 the Port moved over $100 billion in goods. Plans are underway for billions of dollars of improvements - larger cranes, bigger railyard facilities, deeper channels, and expanded wharves.
Education
Colleges and Universities
Newark is the home of the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Rutgers University - Newark, Seton Hall University School of Law, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (Newark Campus), Essex County College, and a Berkeley College campus. New Jersey Institute of Technology is a public research University in Newark, New Jersey. This article discusses Rutgers University's campus in Newark New Jersey The Seton Hall University School of Law (also known as Seton Hall Law) is part of Seton Hall University, and is located in downtown Newark. The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey is the state-run Health sciences institution of New Jersey and comprises eight distinct academic units the New Essex County College is an accredited, Co-educational two-year public, Community college located in Essex County, New Jersey Berkeley College is a private college specializing in business with seven locations in New York and New Jersey, plus Berkeley College Online Most of Newark's academic institutions are located in the city's University Heights district. University Heights is a neighborhood in Newark, New Jersey, so named because of the location of four academic institutions within its boundaries — Rutgers University Rutgers-Newark and NJIT are in the midst of major expansion programs, including plans to purchase, and sometimes raze, surrounding buildings, as well as revitalize current campuses. With more students' requesting to live on campus, the universities have plans to build and expand several dormitories. Such overcrowding is contributing to the revitalization of nearby apartments. Nearby restaurants primarily serve college students. Well lit, frequently policed walks have been organized by the colleges to encourage students to venture downtown.
Public schools
The Newark Public Schools, a state-operated school district, enrolls approximately 45,000 students, making it the largest school system in New Jersey. Newark Public Schools is a comprehensive community public School district that serves the entire city of Newark, New Jersey. The district is one of 31 Abbott Districts statewide. Abbott Districts are School districts covered by a New Jersey Supreme Court ruling that found that the education provided to urban school children was inadequate and [45] The city's public schools are among the lowest-performing in the state, even after the state government decided to take over management of the city's schools in 1995, which was done under the presumption that improvement would follow. The school district continues to struggle with low high school graduation rates and low standardized test scores.
The total school enrollment in Newark city was 75,000 in 2003. Pre-primary school enrollment was 12,000 and elementary or high school enrollment was 46,000 children. College enrollment was 16,000.
As of 2003, 64% of people 25 years and over had at least graduated from high school and 11% had a bachelor's degree or higher. Among people 16 to 19 years old, 10% were dropouts; they were not enrolled in school and had not graduated from high school. [46]
Private schools
Link Community School is a non-denominational coeducational day school located serving approximately 128 students in seventh and eighth grades. In Christianity, the term non-denominational refers to those churches that have not formally aligned themselves with an established denomination, or remain otherwise Mixed-sex education, (or just Mixed education) also known as Coeducation, is the integrated education to males and females at the same school facilities A day school is - as opposed to a Boarding school - an Institution where Children are given educational instruction during the day and after which children Saint Benedict's Preparatory School is an all boys Roman Catholic high school founded in 1868 and conducted by the Benedictine monks of Newark Abbey. Saint Benedict's Preparatory School is an all boys Roman Catholic high school, established in 1868 that has been a part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Its campus has grown to encompass both sides of MLK Jr. Blvd. near Market Street and includes a dormitory for boarding students. Christ The King Prep. Founded 2007 part of the Cristo Rey Community Also, St. Vincent Academy, an all girl school. Located in Newark.
Culture
Architecture and Sculptures
Downtown Newark is not laid out on a grid. There are several notable Beaux-Arts buildings, such as the Veterans' Administration building, the Newark Museum, the Newark Public Library, and the Cass Gilbert-designed Essex County Courthouse. Beaux Arts architecture denotes the academic classical Architectural style that was taught at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris. The Newark Museum is the largest Museum in New Jersey, USA. It holds fine collections of American art decorative arts and arts of Asia Africa the Cass Gilbert ( November 29, 1859 &ndash May 17, 1934) was a pioneering American Architect. Notable Art Deco buildings include several 1920s era skyscrapers, such as the National Newark Building, (Newark's tallest building) 1180 Raymond Boulevard, (Newark's second tallest building) the intact Newark Penn Station, and Arts High School. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper Gothic architecture can be found at the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart by Branch Brook Park, which is one of the largest gothic cathedrals in the United States. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. Branch Brook Park is a county park of Essex County, New Jersey in the United States, located in the North Ward of Newark between the neighborhoods It is rumored to have as much stained glass as the Cathedral of Chartres. Newark also has two public sculpture works by Gutzon Borglum — Wars of America in Military Park and Seated Lincoln in front of the Essex County Courthouse. The term public art properly refers to works of Art in any media that has been planned and executed with the specific intention of being sited (John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum ( March 25, 1867 &ndash March 6, 1941) was an American artist and sculptor famous Downtown Newark is Newark New Jersey 's major central business and cultural district
Museums and Galleries
The Newark Museum is the largest in New Jersey. The Newark Museum is the largest Museum in New Jersey, USA. It holds fine collections of American art decorative arts and arts of Asia Africa the It has a first class American art collection and its Tibetan collection is considered one of the best in the world. Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European The Museum also contains science galleries, a planetarium, a mini zoo, a gallery for children's exhibits, a fire museum, a sculpture garden and an 18th century schoolhouse. Also part of the Museum is the historic Ballantine House, a restored Victorian mansion which is a National Historic Landmark.
The city is also home to the New Jersey Historical Society, which has rotating exhibits on New Jersey and Newark. The New Jersey Historical Society is a historical society and museum located in Newark, New Jersey, United States. The Newark Public Library also produces a series of historical exhibits. The Newark Public Library is the Public library system for the city of Newark New Jersey.
The Newark Public Library is the state's largest public library with more than a million volumes. The Library has frequent exhibits on a variety of topics, many feature items from its Fine Print and Special Collections.
In February 2004, plans were announced for a new Smithsonian-affiliated Museum of African American Music to be built in the city's Coast/Lincoln Park neighborhood. The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of The Museum of African American Music is a Smithsonian-affiliated museum being built in Newark New Jersey. The Coast or Lincoln Park is a neighborhood of Newark, New Jersey, bounded by the Springfield/Belmont, South Broad Valley South The museum will be dedicated to black musical styles, from gospel to rap. Gospel music is Music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life as well as (in terms of the varying music styles to Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting, or just rhyming) is the Rhythmic spoken delivery of Rhymes wordplay and The new museum will incorporate the facade of the old South Park Presbyterian Church, where Abraham Lincoln once spoke. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Groundbreaking is planned for winter 2006 with the grand opening scheduled for 2007.
On December 9th, 2007 the Jewish Museum of New Jersey[[3]] located at 145 Broadway in the Broadway neighborhood held its grand opening. Broadway is a neighborhood in Newark New Jersey. It is located on the west bank of the Passaic River, in Newark's The museum is dedicated to the portrayal of the rich cultural heritage of New Jersey’s Jewish people. The museum is housed at Congregation Ahavas Sholom [[4]], the last continually operating synagogue in Newark. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of At one time there were fifty shuls in Newark serving a Jewish population of 70,000, which was once the sixth largest Jewish community in the United States. Together, the Jewish Museum of New Jersey and Congregation Ahavas Sholom keep the light of Judaism alive in the city of Newark.
Newark is also home to numerous art galleries including City Without Walls (cWOW) Gallery Aferro and Aljira. Aljira is a gallery showing "emerging or under-represented artists" located near Military Park and has recently included Khalid Kodi's self-titled work on Darfur. Darfur (دار فور daar foor, lit "realm of the Fur " is a region in Sudan. cWOW is another important contemporary art gallery in Newark that has been in operation since 1975. cWOW is located in The Coast district of Newark, which will be home to the new Museum of African-American Music (MOAAM). The Coast or Lincoln Park is a neighborhood of Newark, New Jersey, bounded by the Springfield/Belmont, South Broad Valley South
Professional sports
| Club | Sport | Founded | League | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey Devils | Hockey | 1974 Newark: 2007 | NHL: Eastern Conference | Prudential Center |
| Red Bull New York | Soccer | 1995 Harrison: 2008 | MLS: Eastern Conference | Red Bull Park |
| Newark Bears | Baseball | 1998 | Atlantic League | Riverfront Stadium |
| New Jersey Ironmen | Indoor Soccer | 2007 | MISL | Prudential Center |
There have been many sports teams in Newark, but the city has spent much of its history without a NBA, NHL, MLB, or NFL team. The New Jersey Devils are a professional Ice hockey team based in Newark New Jersey. Hockey is any of a family of Sports in which two teams compete by trying to maneuver a Ball, or a hard round rubber or heavy plastic disc called a puck The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America This article is about the sports arena in Newark New Jersey For the Boston Massachusetts complex see Prudential Tower. Red Bull New York is an American professional soccer organization based in New Jersey that fields a team in Major League Soccer called the Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Major League Soccer ( MLS) is the top-flight professional Soccer league in the United States and Canada with 14 teams 13 in the U The Newark Bears are a professional baseball team based in Newark New Jersey, in the United States Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Current squad As of May 27 2008 Year-by-year Head coaches Omid Namazi (2007-present This article is primarily regarding indoor soccer as played in North America The Major Indoor Soccer League was the top professional Indoor soccer league in the USA. This article is about the sports arena in Newark New Jersey For the Boston Massachusetts complex see Prudential Tower. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. Newark has a rich history in baseball as it was one of the first cities with professional baseball teams. Newark had eight National Association of Baseball Players (NABBP) teams, including the Newark Eurekas and the Newark Adriatics. The National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP was the first organization governing American Baseball. Eureka Baseball Club of Newark The Eureka team was part of the NABBP in the 1850's and 1860's Adriatic Base Ball Club of Newark The Adriatic club was a member of the National Association of Base Ball Players before the American Civil War. Newark was then home to the Newark Indians of the International league and then to the Newark Peppers of the Federal League, sometimes nicknamed the Newfeds. The Newark Pepper was a Federal League Baseball club in Newark New Jersey in 1915 The Federal League was the last major attempt to establish an independent major Professional baseball league in the United States Newark was also home to the Negro League team the Newark Dodgers and the Newark Eagles for which the Bears and Eagles Riverfront Stadium is partially named. Part of the History of baseball in the United States series The Negro leagues were American professional Baseball leagues The Newark Eagles was a professional Negro League Baseball team that played in the second Negro National League from The Newark Eagles was a professional Negro League Baseball team that played in the second Negro National League from Although Newark has had a rich history in baseball and currently has a minor league team, it has never had an MLB team. The current Newark minor league team, the revived Newark Bears, play at Bears and Eagles Riverfront Stadium, a stop on the Newark Elizabeth Rail Link. The Newark Bears are a professional baseball team based in Newark New Jersey, in the United States The Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link is a proposed 88 mile-long Light rail line in New Jersey, USA, which would connect the downtown areas of Newark The Bears are part of the independent Atlantic League, which also has teams in Bridgewater Township and Camden. Bridgewater Township is a township in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. The City of Camden is the County seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. Newark had a short-lived NFL franchise named the Newark Tornadoes, which folded in 1930. The Orange/Newark Tornadoes are a defunct National Football League team that existed from 1929 to 1930 Newark never had a National Hockey League team until Fall of 2007, when the New Jersey Devils took to the ice for the first time in the Prudential Center. The New Jersey Devils are a professional Ice hockey team based in Newark New Jersey. This article is about the sports arena in Newark New Jersey For the Boston Massachusetts complex see Prudential Tower. An expansion team for the Major Indoor Soccer League will also play in the Prudential Center. The Major Indoor Soccer League was the top professional Indoor soccer league in the USA. Although the New Jersey Nets have decided against moving to Newark, a professional basketball team in the American Basketball Association, the Newark Express was introduced to the city in 2005. The New Jersey Nets are a professional Basketball team in the National Basketball Association that plays in the Eastern Conference 's Atlantic The Jersey Express is a team in the Blue Conference (Eastern Conference of the American Basketball Association based in Morris County, New Jersey The team currently plays their home games at Essex County College and hope to move to a larger venue in the future. Essex County College is an accredited, Co-educational two-year public, Community college located in Essex County, New Jersey In Harrison, across from the Ironbound neighborhood, Red Bull Park is being built for Red Bull New York soccer team (formerly the MetroStars). Harrison is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Red Bull New York is an American professional soccer organization based in New Jersey that fields a team in Major League Soccer called the Red Bull New York is an American professional soccer organization based in New Jersey that fields a team in Major League Soccer called the The stadium should be completed by June 2008. In the next couple of months, Newark will begin planning a Pedestrian bridge that will link the two cities at Minish Park.
Local media
Newark does not have any major television network affiliates due to its proximity to New York City. However, WNET, a flagship station of the Public Broadcasting Service, and Spanish-language WFUT-TV, a TeleFutura owned-and-operated station, are licensed to Newark. WNET, channel 13 is a television station licensed to Newark New Jersey. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the WFUT-TV, channel 68 is a Spanish-language television station licensed to Newark New Jersey, which serves as an affiliate of the Telefutura network for the New TeleFutura is a US Spanish-language broadcast Television network owned by Univision with headquarters in Miami Florida. The state's leading newspaper, The Star-Ledger, owned by Advance Publications, is based out of Newark. The Star-Ledger is a Newspaper in the US state of New Jersey and is based in Newark. Advance Publications Inc, is an American media company owned by the descendants of S Radio Station WJZ (now WABC (AM)) made its first broadcast in 1921 from the Westinghouse plant near Lackawanna Station. WABC (770 kHz known as "NewsTalkRadio 77" is a radio station in New York City. It moved to New York City in the 1920s. Pioneer radio station WOR AM was originally licensed to and broadcast from the Bamberger's Department Store in Newark. WOR is a class A (nighttime Clear channel) AM radio station located in New York New York, U Radio Station WNEW-AM (now WBBR) was founded in Newark in 1934. WBBR is a Radio station, broadcasting at 1130 AM in New York City. It later moved to New York City. In addition, WBGO-FM, a National Public Radio affiliate that reaches New York City with a format of standard and contemporary jazz, is located in downtown Newark.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Newark is a hub of air, road, rail, and ship traffic, making it a significant gateway into the New York metropolitan area and the Northeastern United States. Pennsylvania Station in Newark New Jersey (also known as Newark Penn Station) is a railroad/subway/bus transportation hub The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 The New York metropolitan area, often referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the most populous Metropolitan area in the United States and is also one The Northeast is a region of the United States. As defined by the U Newark Liberty International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the New York region and the fourteenth-busiest in the United States (in terms of passenger traffic), saw nearly 32 million travelers in 2004 and processed nearly 1,000,000 metric tons of freight and mail. Newark Liberty International Airport, first named Newark Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international Airport within the Just east of the airport lies Port Newark, the fifteenth-busiest port in the world and the largest container port on the eastern seaboard. Not to be confused with Port Elizabeth New Jersey Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is the name for the port facility in In 2003, the port moved over $100 billion in goods.
The city is served by numerous highways including the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95), Interstate 280, Interstate 78, the Garden State Parkway, U.S. Route 1/9, U.S. Route 22, and Route 21. The I-95 gap I-95 is the only long-distance Interstate in the original plans that is not yet completed Interstate 280 (abbreviated I-280) is a 1785-mile (2873 km Interstate Highway, providing a spur from Interstate 80 to Newark New Jersey and Route description Pennsylvania See also Interstate 78 in Pennsylvania I-78 begins at a directional-T interchange with Interstate The Garden State Parkway ( GSP) is a 1724-mile (277-km limited-access toll Parkway that stretches the length of New Jersey from the New York See also US Route 1 in New Jersey, US Route 9 in New Jersey U US Route 22 ( US 22) is a west-east route and is one of the original United States highways of 1926 Route 21 is a highway in northern New Jersey that stretches 14 Newark is connected to the Holland Tunnel and Lower Manhattan by the Pulaski Skyway, spanning both the Passaic and Hackensack Rivers. The Holland Tunnel is a highway Tunnel under the Hudson River connecting the island of Manhattan in New York City with Jersey Lower Manhattan (or downtown Manhattan) is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the The General Pulaski Skyway is a series of Cantilever Truss Bridges in the northeast part of the U The Passaic River is a Tributary of Newark Bay, approximately 80 mi (129 km long in northern New Jersey in the United States. The Hackensack River is a river approximately 45 mi (72 km long in the U
Local streets in Newark conform to a quasi-grid form, with major streets radiating outward (like spokes on a wheel) from the downtown area. Some major roads in the city are named after the towns to which they lead, including South Orange Avenue, Springfield Avenue, and Bloomfield Avenue. These are some of the oldest roads in the city.
Newark Penn Station, situated just east of downtown, is a major train station for the city and the region, connecting the interurban PATH system (which links Newark to Manhattan) with three New Jersey Transit commuter rail lines and Amtrak service to Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. Only one mile north, the Newark Broad Street Station is served by two commuter rail lines. Pennsylvania Station in Newark New Jersey (also known as Newark Penn Station) is a railroad/subway/bus transportation hub The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service The New Jersey Transit Corporation (usually shortened to New Jersey Transit, NJ Transit or NJT) is a statewide Public transportation system serving The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Newark Broad Street Station is a historic New Jersey Transit Commuter rail station at 25 University Avenue in Newark, New Jersey. The two train stations are linked by the Newark Light Rail system, which also provides services from Newark Penn Station to the city's northern communities and into the neighboring towns of Belleville and Bloomfield. The Newark Light Rail is a Light rail system under New Jersey Transit Bus Operations serving Newark, New Jersey. Belleville is a Township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Bloomfield is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Built in the bed of the Morris Canal, the light rail cars runs underground in Newark's downtown area. The Morris Canal was an Anthracite -carrying Canal that incorporated a series of water-driven inclined planes in its course across northern The city's third train station, Newark Liberty International Airport, connects the Northeast Corridor and North Jersey Coast Line to the airport via AirTrain Newark. Newark Liberty International Airport is a Northeast Corridor line station in the New Jersey Transit rail system. The Northeast Corridor ( NEC) is the busiest passenger rail line in the United States by ridership and service frequency AirTrain Newark is a 19-mile (3km Monorail system connecting Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR to the Newark Liberty International Airport train Bus service in Newark is provided by New Jersey Transit, CoachUSA contract operators, and DeCamp in North Newark.
The Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link is a proposed light rail project that will link downtown Newark with neighboring Elizabeth and Newark Liberty International Airport. The Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link is a proposed 88 mile-long Light rail line in New Jersey, USA, which would connect the downtown areas of Newark Elizabeth is a city in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. The first section of the light rail link, connecting Newark Penn Station with Broad Street Station one mile (1. 6 km) away, began service on July 17, 2006. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Newark is served by New Jersey Transit bus routes 1, 5, 11, 13, 21, 25, 27, 28, 29, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 59, 62, 65, 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96, 99, 107, and 108. The New Jersey Transit Corporation (usually shortened to New Jersey Transit, NJ Transit or NJT) is a statewide Public transportation system serving See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes all of which originte from Newark Bus route 308 is an express bus route to Six Flags Great Adventure from Newark Penn Station while 319 is an express service to Atlantic City. Six Flags Great Adventure is a Theme park in Jackson Township, New Jersey, located 67 miles from New York City, 60 miles from Newark Pennsylvania Station in Newark New Jersey (also known as Newark Penn Station) is a railroad/subway/bus transportation hub See also New Jersey Transit Bus Operations New Jersey Transit operates or contracts out the following bus routes focused primarily on long-distance travel [47]
Hospitals and health services
Newark is home to seven hospitals, a remarkable number for a city of its size. University Hospital is the principal teaching hospital of the UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School and is the busiest Level I trauma center in the state. The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey is the state-run Health sciences institution of New Jersey and comprises eight distinct academic units the New Newark Beth Israel Medical Center is the largest hospital in the city and is a part of the Saint Barnabas Health Care System, the state's largest system of hospital and health care facilities. Beth Israel is also one of the oldest hospitals in the city, dating back to 1901. This 669-bed regional facility is also home to the Children's Hospital of New Jersey. Other hospitals in Newark include the St. James Hospital, St. Michael's Medical Center, Columbus Hospital, Mount Carmel Guild Hospital, and United Hospitals Medical Center (now closed).
Points of interest
See also
References
- ^ U.S. Census - Geographic comparison table - Essex County
- ^ a b c data for Newark city, United States Census Bureau. First Presbyterian Church and Cemetery is in Newark in the US Mount Olivet Cemetery is a Cemetery in Newark in the US state of New Jersey. This is a list of Mayors of Newark New Jersey: 1836&ndash1837 William Halsey 1837&ndash1838 Theodore Frelinghuysen (1787&ndash1862 The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Accessed September 1, 2007. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ a b American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ US Board on Geographic Names. United States Geological Survey (2007-10-25). The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ "The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968", John P. Snyder, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 130.
- ^ "New Jersey Opinion: Where Did This Name Come From?" by Abraham Resnick, New York Times, February 25, 1990]
- ^ The city's name is frequently said to come from Newark-on-Trent, a town in England, but that is incorrect. Newark-on-Trent (generally shortened to Newark) is a Market town in Nottinghamshire in the East Midlands region of England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
- ^ "The New Jersey Historical Society", "Manuscript Group 905, Ogden Family (Newark and Elizabeth, NJ)"
- ^ "History of Newark", A Walk Through Newark, Thirteen/WNET, accessed January 13, 2006. WNET, channel 13 is a television station licensed to Newark New Jersey. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Cunningham, John T. (1989). Newark. New Jersey Historical Society. ISBN 0-911020-18-7. , Chapters 11 and 18.
- ^ Cunningham, John T. (1989). Newark. New Jersey Historical Society. ISBN 0-911020-18-7. , p. 181.
- ^ Cunningham, John T. (1989). Newark. New Jersey Historical Society. ISBN 0-911020-18-7. , p. 186.
- ^ Cunningham, John T. (1989). Newark. New Jersey Historical Society. ISBN 0-911020-18-7. , p. 201.
- ^ Jackson, Kenneth T. (1987). Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504983-7. , p. 275.
- ^ Cunningham, John T. (1989). Newark. New Jersey Historical Society. ISBN 0-911020-18-7. , p. 195
- ^ Insider Cityscape: Newark? Yes, Newark - Across the river from Manhattan, one of the country's most maligned cities is beating the rap, Travel + Leisure, April 2002
- ^ Jackson, Kenneth T. Travel + Leisure is a travel Magazine based in New York City Published 12 times a year it has 4 (1987). Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504983-7. , p. 277.
- ^ Cunningham, John T. (1989). Newark. New Jersey Historical Society. ISBN 0-911020-18-7. , Chapter 27.
- ^ Jackson, Kenneth T. (1987). Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504983-7. , p. 277.
- ^ Immerso, Michael (1999). Newark's Little Italy: The Vanished First Ward. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-2757-0.
- ^ Cunningham, John T. (1989). Newark. New Jersey Historical Society. ISBN 0-911020-18-7. , p. 330.
- ^ Harper's, January 1975
- ^ Grant USA Tower, accessed, October 30, 2006
- ^ Cunningham, John T. Harper's Magazine (also Harper's) is a monthly general-interest Magazine of literature politics culture finance and the arts Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. (1989). Newark. New Jersey Historical Society. ISBN 0-911020-18-7. , p. 339.
- ^ History of the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, accessed, March 23, 2007
- ^ Revitalization Efforts, accessed, March 23, 2007
- ^ Black Music Museum Planned for Newark, NJ, accessed, March 23, 2007
- ^ The Official Website of the City of Newark, NJ, accessed January 14, 2006
- ^ Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Accessed March 1, 2007. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ 2005 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, April 2005, p. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey (also known as Rutgers University) is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey The Edward J Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy of Rutgers University serves as a center for the theory and practice of planning and Public policy scholarship 125.
- ^ League of Women Voters: 2006 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 61, accessed August 30, 2006
- ^ Legislative Roster: 2008-2009 Session, New Jersey Legislature. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton Accessed June 6, 2008. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ Legislative Roster: 2008-2009 Session, New Jersey Legislature. The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton Accessed June 6, 2008. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ Legislative Roster: 2008-2009 Session, New Jersey Legislature. The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton Accessed June 6, 2008. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ About the Governor, New Jersey. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Accessed June 6, 2008. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ The Newark Tradition | Politicker NJ
- ^ Fried, Carla. "AMERICA'S SAFEST CITY: AMHERST, N.Y.; THE MOST DANGEROUS: NEWARK, N.J.", MONEY Magazine, 1996-11-27. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Retrieved on 2008-04-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian
- ^ Lueck, Thomas J. "As Newark Mayor Readies Crime Fight, Toll Rises", The New York Times, January 8, 2007. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Accessed October 6, 2007. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "For all of 2006, the police said, Newark had 104 homicides, far below its record of 161 in 1981, but more than in any other year since 1995. "
- ^ Murr, Andrew; and Noonoo, Jemimah. "A Return To The Bad Old Days?", Newsweek, August 17, 2007. Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "Murders rose 27 percent in Newark (population 280,000) in the past two years, as killings rose from 83 in 2004 to 104 last year. So far, the pace this year is slower—61 deaths since January. "
- ^ This link contains a reference to a June 11, 2007 article in Newsday stating that "Meanwhile, homicides in Newark have jumped from 65 in 2002 to 113 last year, with nonfatal shootings also on the rise. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Newsday is a daily Tabloid -size Pulitzer Prize winning Newspaper that primarily serves Long Island and the New York City "
- ^ Newark and New York Comparative Crime Ratios per 100,000 People, areaConnect. Accessed October 7, 2007. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Homicide ends 43-day streak.
- ^ Online Directory: New Jersey, USA, Sister Cities International. Sister Cities International is a Non-profit organization dedicated to promoting and fostering Town twinning, especially between cities in the United States Accessed November 8, 2007. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ The New York Times: Premium Archive
- ^ Abbott Districts, New Jersey Department of Education. The New Jersey Department of Education administers state and federal aid programs affecting more than 1 Accessed March 31, 2008. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ US Census, accessed, March 23, 2007
- ^ New Jersey Transit bus schedules accessed November 7, 2007
Further reading
- Stummer, Helen M. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. (1994). No Easy Walk: Newark, 1980–1993. Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-242-X.
External links
- The City of Newark, New Jersey
- Unified Vailsburg Service Organization www.uvso.org. UVSO is an $8 million community development non-profit serving the Vailsburg section of Newark (West Ward) for more than 35 years. UVSO serves a daily average of six hundred Vailsburg residents of all ages through a wide variety of programs. The current services of the organization include: meals on wheels; congregate meals; special transportation; health screening and counseling; homemakers and home health aides; crisis intervention and family counseling; infant, preschool, and school-age child care centers; pre teen and teen centers; a summer day camp; a senior citizen center; housing development; and community and parent organizing programs.
- A guide to downtown buildings in Newark produced by The Star-Ledger
- 1911 Britannica article
- Go Newark - Guide to news, culture, history, and leisure activities in and around Newark.
- Map of Newark
- "The Once and Future Newark" film
- "Newark: A Brief History" on PBS website
- "A Walk Through Newark"
- Newarkology Website
- Old Newark
- US Census Bureau - Newark - QuickFacts
- The Daily Newarker blog
- Brazilian Community in New Jersey
- [5]
- Newark, New Jersey is at coordinates Coordinates:
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