New World wines are those wines produced outside the traditional wine-growing areas of Europe, in particular from Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States. Stellenbosch (ˈstɛlənbɒs is the second oldest European settlement in the Western Cape Province, South Africa after Cape Town, and is situated Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Argentine wine, as with some aspects of Argentine cuisine, has its roots in Spain. The Australian wine industry is the fourth-largest exporter in the world exporting over 400 million litres a year to a large international export market that includes "old world" Canadian wine is produced in Southern Ontario and southern British Columbia, and Nova Scotia. Chilean wine is Wine made in the South American country of Chile. New Zealand wine is largely produced in ten major wine growing regions spanning latitudes 36° to 45° South and extending 1600 km (1000 miles South African wine has a history dating back to 1659, and at one time Constantia was considered one of the greatest wines in the world American wine has been produced for over 300 years Today Wine production is performed in all fifty states with California leading the way in wine production followed
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History
Each of these countries have separate wine-growing heritages that go back centuries, but there are some common themes. As in 'the old country', the Church often initiated imports of wine and then promoted local viticulture to provide wine for ritual purposes.
Where immigrants came from wine-growing areas, they brought their grapevines and winemaking traditions with them. British colonists on the other hand tried to replicate the styles that they were used to importing, and sold them under the familiar, semi-generic, names. Semi-generic is a legal term used in by the United States Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau to refer to a specific type of Wine designation So for instance both Australia and the USA made wines sold as 'port' or 'Burgundy' that were often made from Syrah or other Rhone varieties, whilst 'Chablis' and 'hock' might be made from Welschriesling or Chenin Blanc. Syrah is a dark-skinned variety of Grape used in Wine. Syrah is grown in many countries and is primarily used to produce powerful Red wines which enjoy Welschriesling is an ancient variety of white Wine grape that is unrelated to the Rhine Riesling. Chenin blanc, or Pineau de la Loire, is a variety of white Wine Grape from the Loire valley of France Since much of the wine imported into the colonies was fortified to preserve it during the sea voyage, the local markets expected their domestic wine to be similar in style, and with a few notable exceptions, many early wines in the New World were fortified. Fortified wine is Wine to which alcohol (usually Brandy) has been added
The New World imported wine from the early days of European colonisation, particularly for religious purposes. Perhaps the first significant example of the trade going the other way was Constantia from South Africa, which by the eighteenth century had become a firm favourite among European royalty. Constantia is a South African Dessert wine. It is made from Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (Muscat de Frontignan Grapes grown in the district of South African wine has a history dating back to 1659, and at one time Constantia was considered one of the greatest wines in the world The first wine was exported from Australia in 1822, [1], and pre-phylloxera Australian wines won plaudits in the 1870s and 1880s, with one compared to Chateau Margaux at the 1878 Paris Exhibition,[2] and Bebeah winning a Gold medal at the 1882 Bordeaux International Exhibition. The vineyard of Château Margaux is one of four wines to achieve First Growth status in the 1855 Bordeaux Classification because of its high price [3]
But it's fair to say that Constantia aside, New World grapes and wines remained an essentially local affair until the late nineteenth century. In 1863, the phylloxera root aphid arrived in France from North America and devastated the local Vitis vinifera vines. This article is about the grape phylloxera For the Genus, see Phylloxera (genus. Vitis vinifera ( Common Grape Vine) is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and This epidemic forced viticulturists in the Old World to look for answers in the home of the pest, stimulating a huge amount of research and exchange of ideas between vine growers and winemakers worldwide. At first it was hoped that the solution lay in hybrids between Vitis vinifera and the New World vines that the aphid normally fed on, but in general hybrids had neither the wine quality of the vinifera parent nor the resistance of the New World species. So vast numbers of Old World vines were grafted onto rootstocks of New World species. Phylloxera forced other changes that would later differentiate Old World and New World wines - the replanting led to traditional field blends of different vines being replaced by monocultures, with blending happening in the winery rather than in the vineyard. Viticulture (from the Latin word for Vine) is the Science, production and study of Grapes which deals with the series of Also, some traditional varieties largely disappeared from Europe that remained important in the New World, such as the Corbeau (Bonarda) of Argentina and Zinfandel of California. Zinfandel is a variety of red Grape planted in over 10 percent of California wine vineyards
The growth of air travel after the Second World War promoted more awareness of wine styles and winemaking in other parts of the world. Pioneers such as Max Schubert tried to make the best table wine possible, using the best grapes he could find regardless of where they came from, the antithesis of the Old World passion for terroir. Max Schubert AM (9 February 1915 - 6 March 1994 was a pioneering Australian Winemaker who is best known as the creator of Grange Hermitage. Terroir (/t̪εʁwaʁ/ in French (terruño pago was originally a French term in Wine, Coffee and Tea used to denote the special characteristics The result of Schubert's obsession was Penfolds Grange Hermitage, a blend of Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes from around South Australia first made in 1951. Penfolds Grange (until the 1989 vintage labelled Penfolds Grange Hermitage) is an Australian Wine, made predominantly from the Shiraz (Syrah Syrah is a dark-skinned variety of Grape used in Wine. Syrah is grown in many countries and is primarily used to produce powerful Red wines which enjoy Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties. South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country The success of Grange in competitions through the 1960s signalled that the New World had a genuinely world class wine for the first time since Constantia. Len Evans, "the godfather of the Australian wine industry", encouraged other Australian winemakers to switch from fortified wines to table wines, founding the Australian Wine Bureau in 1965, compiling the first major encyclopedia of Australian wine in 1973, and eventually getting into the winemaking business himself. Leonard Paul Evans AO OBE ( 31 August, 1930 - 17 August, 2006) was an English -born Australian promoter maker
As in other fields, the 1960s were a time of revolution in wine - but with wine it takes 10 years to see the results. Other pioneers had been working in California, and achieved a breakthrough of their own in the Paris Wine Tasting of 1976, which saw a French jury judge a Californian wine ahead of French ones in both red and white wine categories. The Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 or the Judgment of Paris was a Wine competition organized in Paris on 24 May 1976 by Steven Spurrier, a British This competition was important in giving confidence to New World producers, particularly in North America, but also reflected some of the archaic practices of French winemaking that that had already been challenged elsewhere in Europe. Italy's Super Tuscans were leading the revolution and could almost be regarded as the first European "New World wines"; around the same time, the Wine Olympics saw French wine lose to Grange and to Torres' Gran Coronas from Spain, and Chateau Musar from Lebanon broke through at the Bristol Wine Fair of 1979. Italian wine is Wine produced in Italy, a Country which is home to some of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world A Wine Olympics was organized by the French food and wine magazine GaultMillau in 1979 a total of 330 wines from 33 countries were evaluated by 62 experts from ten nationalities Château Musar is the name of a Lebanese Winery in Ghazir, Lebanon, 15 miles north of the capital Beirut.
It is interesting to compare what happened next in the different countries. North American producers concentrated on developing their large domestic market. Australia was obliged to concentrate on exports, and achieved extraordinary success in that regard in the 1990s, with Penfolds playing a major part using the experience and techniques introduced by Schubert to produce more affordable wines. Penfolds is an Australian Wine producer founded in 1844 by Dr Australians had international influence in another way. Since the winemaking season in the Southern Hemisphere is six months before that in the North, Antipodeans could 'moonlight' during their quiet season by supervising wines made in the Old World. Such 'flying winemakers' have been very influential in disseminating New World styles and techniques among Old World wineries, particularly in the 'new New World' of southern France and Eastern Europe.
Characteristics of New World wines
Style
Since New World vineyards are generally in hotter climates than those of Northern Europe - in fact some major New World regions are irrigated desert - New World grapes tend to be riper. A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. Thus New World wines tend to be correspondingly more alcoholic and full-bodied. Critics such as Robert M. Parker, Jr. have influenced New World producers and consumers towards a fruitier style, with more use of new oak. TalkRobert M Parker Jr claims this is a licensed copy of http//www However in recent years there has been a reaction against some of the very oaky, alcoholic styles that typified late 1980s Australian Chardonnays for example, as cooler vineyards have been identified and winemakers have become more sophisticated and more restrained.
Varietal labelling
Traditionally New World wine used names of well-known European regions, such as Burgundy, Champagne. Sherry, Port, and Hock. This gave consumers a general idea of how the wine might taste. This changed as winemakers developed the confidence to develop their own styles of wine such as Grange. Europeans producers objected to the use of their regional names, and writers such as Frank Schoonmaker in the US encouraged the use of varietal names as used on Alsace wine. Frank Schoonmaker ( August 20 1905 - 1976 was an American Travel guide Writer, Wine writer and wine Merchant. Varietal describes Wines made primarily from a single named Grape variety. Alsace wine or Alsatian wine (in French: Vin d'Alsace) is produced in the Alsace region in France and is primarily white One reason was that unlike Europe, there was no history of particular localities being associated with particular styles of wine, and winemakers might buy in grapes from many sources. Indeed wines such as Grange specifically ignored the origin of the grapes in order to achieve a more consistent style. So led by winemakers such as Robert Mondavi, varietal labelling became common during the 1960s and 1970s, and has since spread to most of Eastern Europe and much of Western Europe. Robert Gerald Mondavi ( June 18, 1913 – May 16, 2008) was a leading American Vineyard operator whose technical improvements Varietal describes Wines made primarily from a single named Grape variety.
Subsequently New World winemakers have 'rediscovered' the art of blending wines, with blends such as Shiraz/Cabernet Sauvignon, Semillon/Sauvignon Blanc and the Rhone combination of Grenache, Shiraz and Mourvedre ('GSM') all becoming more common. Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties. Sémillon is a golden-skinned Grape used to make dry and sweet white Wines most notably in France and Australia. Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned Grape variety which originates from the Bordeaux region of France. Grenache (pronounced gren-ash) (in Spanish, Garnacha, in Catalan, Garnatxa) is probably the most widely planted variety of red wine Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. Mourvèdre, is a variety of red Wine Grape grown around the world And as New World viticulturists have better understood the soils and climates of their vineyards, terroir has come to the New World, with the 'terra rossa' of Coonawarra known for its Cabernet Sauvignons, and the Clare Valley and Chile's Bío-Bío Valley for Riesling. Terroir (/t̪εʁwaʁ/ in French (terruño pago was originally a French term in Wine, Coffee and Tea used to denote the special characteristics Coonawarra is a Wine region, on the Limestone Coast of South Australia, that is famous for the Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties. The Biobío River (Also known as Bío Bío or Bio-Bio) is the second largest River in Chile. Riesling is a white Grape variety which originates in the Rhine region of Germany.
Marketing
Being less dependent on geography, New World wines have placed more emphasis on branding as a marketing tool, following the example set by Germany's Blue Nun and Portugal's Mateus Rosé, brands created in 1927 and in 1942 respectively. Blue Nun is a German Wine Brand launched by the company H Sichel Söhne ( Mainz) in 1923 with the 1921 vintage and which between Mateus Wine is a medium sweet frizzanté Rosé produced in Portugal. One particular style of branding has been the 'critter wines' that use animals on their labels. Without the partible inheritance of the Napoleonic code to worry about, New World vineyards tend to be very much bigger than those in say Burgundy, which has allowed economies of scale and a better ability to negotiate with mass market retailers. Partible inheritance is a general term applied to systems of Inheritance in which property may be apportioned among Heirs It contrasts in particular The Napoleonic Code, or Code Napoléon (originally called the Code civil des Français) is the French Civil code, established under With supermarkets selling an increasing proportion of wine in many markets, New World producers are better positioned to take advantage of this trend towards high volumes and low margins.
Ownership
The greater size of New World wine companies has made them attractive targets for multinational drinks companies seeking to exploit the trend towards drinking wine rather than beer or spirits. Thus Fosters bought up both Beringer Blass and Southcorp (holding company for Penfolds, Lindemans and Wynns); Pernod-Ricard have bought Montana Wines, Diageo own Blossom Hill and Constellation Brands have a portfolio that span the New World, from Ravenswood and Vincor to Nobilo and Hardys. Penfolds is an Australian Wine producer founded in 1844 by Dr Montana Wines is New Zealand 's largest wine company owning vineyards in Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, Marlborough, and Waipara. Diageo plc () is the largest multinational beer wine and spirits company in the world Constellation Brands Inc, headquartered in Fairport New York, is a large international producer and marketer of beverage alcohol brands with a large portfolio of
Argentina
Argentina is the worlds fifth biggest wine producer[4] though it has traditionally had a high domestic consumption (in 2006, Argentines averaged over 40 litres per capita in one year). Argentine wine, as with some aspects of Argentine cuisine, has its roots in Spain. It has a long tradition of winemaking under the Spanish, going back to 1557, but the industry has been influenced by more recent immigrants, notably Italians and also Germans. Exports increased during the mid-1990s following the success of their neighbours in Chile, and accelerated after the economic crisis of 2002.
The long history of viticulture in Argentina has brought forth the evolution of many local varieties, but perhaps the most typically Argentine grape is the Torrontés, which makes an aromatic white wine. Torrontes is the characteristic white wine grape of Argentina, producing fresh aromatic white wines However, Argentines love red wine to go with their famous steaks. Malbec has proven to be the most successful variety in export markets, with Barbera and "Bonarda" (now known to be Corbeau, a minor variety from Savoie) being blended into more affordable wines. Malbec is a variety of Grape used in making Red wine. The grapes tend to have an inky dark colour and robust Tannins Long known as one of the Barbera is a red Wine Grape variety that is the second most-planted variety in Italy (the first is Sangiovese) Savoie ( Arpitan: Savouè d’Avâl) is a French department located in the Rhône-Alpes ( Rôno-Arpes
The Mendoza Province, which is Argentina's main producer, has also gained recognition from the Wine tourism business due to important investments in new wineries and hotel accommodations. Mendoza is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the western central part of the country in the Cuyo region Wine tourism refers to Tourism whose purpose is or includes the tasting consumption or purchase of Wine, often at or near the source
Australia
Vine cuttings from South Africa were brought on the First Fleet (1788), and though the settlers took a while to get to grips with the new conditions, wine exports began in 1822. The Australian wine industry is the fourth-largest exporter in the world exporting over 400 million litres a year to a large international export market that includes "old world" The First Fleet is the name given to the 11 Ships which sailed from Great Britain on 13 May 1787 to establish the first European colony in New South Wales. As mentioned above, by the 1880s Australian wines were winning prizes in Europe, but then phylloxera struck and the industry subsided into producing fortified wines for the domestic market. Grange and others led the revival of interest in table wines, which culminated in 2000, when Australia sold more wine to the United Kingdom than did France.
While early Australian wines, their Chardonnays in particular, were criticised for being over-oaked and over-ripe, Australian winemaking is now some of the most sophisticated in the world, with vineyards increasingly planted in cooler climates, such as Pinot Noir in Tasmania, and unoaked wines becoming popular. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass Several regional specialities have emerged, notably Shiraz in the Barossa Valley, Cabernet Sauvignon in Coonawarra, Clare Valley Riesling and Hunter Valley Sémillon. Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. The Barossa Valley is a major wine-producing region and tourist destination of South Australia, located 60 km northeast of Adelaide. Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties. Coonawarra is a Wine region, on the Limestone Coast of South Australia, that is famous for the For the town in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines see Clare Valley Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Riesling is a white Grape variety which originates in the Rhine region of Germany. The Hunter Region, more commonly known as the Hunter Valley, is a region of New South Wales, extending from approximately to north of Sydney, Australia Sémillon is a golden-skinned Grape used to make dry and sweet white Wines most notably in France and Australia. Rutherglen Muscats are perhaps the finest fortified wines of the New World. Rutherglen (pronounced ruh-ther-glen is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. Fortified wine is Wine to which alcohol (usually Brandy) has been added
Canada
Canada followed a similar path to the eastern United States - early attempts to grow Vitis vinifera failed, leading to a significant export industry based on Vitis labrusca and Vitis riparia, fortified to disguise the 'foxy' aromas. Canadian wine is produced in Southern Ontario and southern British Columbia, and Nova Scotia. Okanagan Lake, also known as Lake Okanagan, is a large deep Lake in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. Vitis vinifera ( Common Grape Vine) is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and Vitis labrusca ( Fox grape) is a Species of Grape native to the eastern United States. Vitis riparia Michx also commonly known as River Bank Grape or Frost Grape, is a native American climbing or trailing Vine, The county had its own version of Prohibition until 1927, and after it ended red tape inhibited the industry until 1974. Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol In the following years improved viticulture and grape varieties allowed a substantial expansion of the industry in the 1990s, centred around the parts of Southern Ontario warmed by the Great Lakes, and in the Okanagan Valley of southern British Columbia. Southern Ontario is the portion of the Canadian province of Ontario lying south of the French River and Algonquin Park. The Okanagan (oʊkəˈnɑːɡən also known as the Okanagan Valley and sometimes as Okanagan Country is a region located in the Canadian province British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C While there has been some progress with red wines from the Bordeaux varieties and Pinot Noir, Canada's most successful wines are ice wines made from grapes such as Riesling, Vidal, and even Cabernet Franc. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Ice wine (or icewine, as one word or in German, Eiswein) is a type of Dessert wine produced from Grapes that have been frozen while Riesling is a white Grape variety which originates in the Rhine region of Germany. Cabernet Franc is one of the major varieties of red Wine Grape in Bordeaux
Chile
As in Argentina, Chilean viticulture dates back to the Conquistadores. This article is about the Spanish explorer soldiers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuriesfor other uses see Conquistador (disambiguation A Conquistador The Bordeaux varieties arrived in the mid-1800s, although for a long time many of the vines thought to be Merlot were in fact Carmenère, and the latter has become something of a signature grape. Merlot ('MERL-oh' in British English mer-LOH in American English and standard French is a red Wine Grape that is used as both a blending grape and for The Carmenère grape is a Wine Grape variety originally planted in the Médoc region of Bordeaux, France, where it was used to It is the tenth biggest producer of wine in the world; traditionally quantity was favoured over quality, and red tape discouraged improvement. Under the Pinochet reforms of the 1980s, investments were made in wineries and vineyards, and exports began in earnest in the mid-1990s. [5] Traditionally Chilean vineyards were in semi-arid areas irrigated by water from the Andes, but there has been increasing interest in cooler areas such as the Lleyda Valley (becoming known for its Pinot Noir) and the Bío-Bío Valley, which suits Riesling and Gewurztraminer. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The Biobío River (Also known as Bío Bío or Bio-Bio) is the second largest River in Chile. Riesling is a white Grape variety which originates in the Rhine region of Germany. Gewürztraminer (ɡəˈvʏrtstraˈminɚ guh-VURTS-trah-MEE-ner in English is an aromatic Wine Grape variety that performs best in cooler climates
Chile is notable for being one of the few vine-growing regions to be free of phylloxera. This article is about the grape phylloxera For the Genus, see Phylloxera (genus.
New Zealand
New Zealand viticulture was started in a small way by Croatian immigrants at the end of the 19th century, but it was not until the 1970s that it really got going. New Zealand wine is largely produced in ten major wine growing regions spanning latitudes 36° to 45° South and extending 1600 km (1000 miles Several factors came together at that time - Britain's entry into the European Economic Community in 1973 ended favourable terms of agricultural trade, whilst New Zealanders themselves developed a taste for wine as local drinking laws changed and cheap air travel exposed them to different cultures. The European Community (EC is one of the Three pillars of the European Union (EU created under the Maastricht Treaty (1992
Various grapes were tried in the early years, but it was in the 1980s that New Zealand developed the pungent style of Sauvignon Blanc that became her trademark. Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned Grape variety which originates from the Bordeaux region of France. Since then the Burgundy grapes of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir have been developed in cooler, more southerly vineyards, with considerable success. Chardonnay is a green-skinned Grape variety used to make white Wine. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. More recently there has been a fad for the 'aromatic' white varieties such as Gewurztraminer and Riesling, with even Auslese styles being attempted. Gewürztraminer (ɡəˈvʏrtstraˈminɚ guh-VURTS-trah-MEE-ner in English is an aromatic Wine Grape variety that performs best in cooler climates Riesling is a white Grape variety which originates in the Rhine region of Germany. Auslese (literal meaning "selected harvest" plural form is Auslesen) is a German language Wine term for a Late harvest wine
South Africa
Wine was first produced in South Africa by the founder of Cape Town in 1659, and by the late eighteenth century Constantia, made from Muscat de Frontignan (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains), was popular among European royalty. South African wine has a history dating back to 1659, and at one time Constantia was considered one of the greatest wines in the world Constantia is a South African Dessert wine. It is made from Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (Muscat de Frontignan Grapes grown in the district of Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains is a white Wine Grape that is a member of the Muscat family of Vitis vinifera. However the vineyards were decimated by phylloxera and the KWV cooperative that ran most of the industry under apartheid gave little encouragement to produce quality wine. This article is about the grape phylloxera For the Genus, see Phylloxera (genus. The Koöperatieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika Bpkt (usually abbreviated to KWV) was a Winemaking co-operative founded on 8 January 1918 The end of apartheid sparked a wave of investment and innovation in the vineyards of the Cape, although there remains large areas of undistinguished grape varieties such as Colombard. Colombard is an early fruiting white variety of Wine Grape, better known as French Colombard in North America. Stellenbosch and Paarl can produce world-class wines from the Bordeaux varieties, Shiraz and also from Pinotage, a variety bred locally from Pinot Noir and Cinsaut. Stellenbosch (ˈstɛlənbɒs is the second oldest European settlement in the Western Cape Province, South Africa after Cape Town, and is situated Paarl (derived from Parel, meaning Pearl in Dutch is the third oldest European settlement in the Republic of South Africa (after Cape Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. Pinotage (pinɔˈtaʒə is a red Wine Grape that is South Africa's signature variety Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Cinsaut or Cinsault (pronounced "san-so" is a red Wine Grape, whose heat tolerance and productivity make it important in Languedoc-Roussillon South Africa is also the second home of Chenin Blanc, known as Steen; Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains is known locally as red and white Muscadel, and is once again being used to make Constantia. Chenin blanc, or Pineau de la Loire, is a variety of white Wine Grape from the Loire valley of France Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains is a white Wine Grape that is a member of the Muscat family of Vitis vinifera.
USA
Although wine is made throughout the United States, 90% of it comes from California, with most of the rest split between Washington state and New York state, followed by Oregon as the largest of the minor producing states. American wine has been produced for over 300 years Today Wine production is performed in all fifty states with California leading the way in wine production followed California wine is Wine made in the US state of California. Nearly three-quarters the size of France, California accounts for nearly 90 Washington wine is Wine produced from Grapes grown in the US state of Washington. New York wine refers to Wine made from Grapes grown in the US The state of Oregon in the United States has established an international reputation for its production of Wine. North America has several native species of Vitis, from which wine has been made for a long time in the east of the country, although the 'foxy' aromas of wines produced from these species are not to everyone's taste. Vitis is a genus of about 60 species of vining plants in the Flowering plant family Vitaceae. The Catawba variety led the way for winemaking from native species, first in Ohio and later in the Finger Lakes area of New York state. The Finger Lakes are a chain of lakes in the west-central section of Upstate New York that are a popular tourist destination New York wine refers to Wine made from Grapes grown in the US California followed a similar path to Latin American countries, with Spanish missionaries starting the first vineyard of vinifera vines in 1769, and later immigrants from Bordeaux and Italy bringing their native grapes with them. Soon a thriving industry developed, particularly in the Napa Valley, which was stopped in its tracks by phylloxera and, uniquely, Prohibition (1920-1933). Napa Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Napa County, California, USA. This article is about the grape phylloxera For the Genus, see Phylloxera (genus. In the United States, the term Prohibition refers to the period from 1920 to 1933 during which the sale manufacture and transportation of alcohol for consumption One interesting consequence of Prohibition was that vineyards were replanted with lower quality grapes such as Alicante Bouschet that could survive transportation to home winemakers, and this tradition of home winemaking changed taste preferences from a dry style before Prohibition to a much sweeter style. Alicante Bouschet is a Wine Grape variety that has been widely cultivated since 1866 In general Prohibition had a devastating effect on commercial winemaking in the country, which only started to recover in the late 1960s and 1970s under pioneers such as Robert Mondavi and the world-class viticultural scientists at the University of California, Davis. Robert Gerald Mondavi ( June 18, 1913 – May 16, 2008) was a leading American Vineyard operator whose technical improvements The University of California Davis, commonly known as UC Davis, or just UCD, is a public coeducational university located in the city of Davis, The latter institution has played a leading role in the recovery of wine in the United States, in particular identifying just what vines were actually planted (notably California's signature grape, the robust red Zinfandel, which was found to be Croatia's Crljenak Kaštelanski), and encouraging the use of better clones of the traditional European varieties. Zinfandel is a variety of red Grape planted in over 10 percent of California wine vineyards In the 1970s, geographical appellations were designated as American Viticultural Areas. An appellation is a Geographical indication used to identify where the Grapes for a Wine were grown An American Viticultural Area is a designated Wine Grape -growing region in the United States distinguishable by geographic features with boundaries
In the years after Prohibition, the domestic market demanded cheap 'jug wines' and sweet fortified wines. These tastes led to local styles such as White Zinfandel (a sweet rosé) and "bum wines". White Zinfandel, often abbreviated as White Zin, is an off-dry to sweet pink-colored Rosé wine. A rosé (From French rosé ‘pinkish’ Wine has some of the color typical of a red wine but only enough to turn it pink A low-end fortified wine, also known as bum wine, is any of a class of inexpensive Fortified wines that are popular among the poor, Homeless, Interest in traditional European varieties increased after Mondavi reinvented Sauvignon Blanc in a dry, heavily oaked style called Fumé Blanc, leading to the innovations that triumphed so spectacularly in Paris in 1976. Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned Grape variety which originates from the Bordeaux region of France. Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned Grape variety which originates from the Bordeaux region of France. While California is known for its Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel and Chardonnay in particular, it produces such a massive amount of wine that just about every grape variety ends up being grown there to a greater or lesser extent. Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties. Zinfandel is a variety of red Grape planted in over 10 percent of California wine vineyards Chardonnay is a green-skinned Grape variety used to make white Wine. For instance, the "Rhone Rangers" have raised awareness of the Rhone varieties, notably Viognier, and there has been speculation that climate change will force California to look further south in Europe for grape varieties. Viognier (vee-ohn-yay is a white Wine Grape. It is the only permitted grape for the French wine Condrieu in the Rhone valley The Northwest states of Oregon and Washington are known for their Pinot Noirs, while New York state continues to produce wine mostly from Vitis labrusca varieties and hybrids. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Vitis labrusca ( Fox grape) is a Species of Grape native to the eastern United States.
See also
References
- ^ Gerald Walsh. This list of wine-producing regions catalogues significant Growing regions where Vineyards are planted History Wine has been traded internationally since ancient times "The Wine Industry of Australia 1788 1979", Wine Talk, [A. N. U. Canberra], [1979]. Retrieved on 2006-09-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz
- ^ Ling, Nancy Exploring Australia's Top Winegrowing Regions:Part I
- ^ The Boutique Wine Centre - is there a better reference?
- ^ List of wine producing countries
- ^ History of Chilean wine Wines of Chile
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