Citizendia
Your Ad Here

For other uses, see New Mexico (disambiguation). New Mexico (Spanish Nuevo México) may refer to New Mexico, a state of the United States Mexico Illinois, formerly New Mexico
State of New Mexico
Flag of New Mexico State seal of New Mexico
Flag of New Mexico Seal
Nickname(s): Land of Enchantment
Motto(s): Crescit eundo
Map of the United States with New Mexico highlighted
Official language(s) None
Demonym New Mexican
Capital Santa Fe
Largest city Albuquerque
Largest metro area Albuquerque metropolitan area
Area  Ranked 5th in the US
 - Total 121,665 sq mi
(315,194 km²)
 - Width 342 miles (550 km)
 - Length 370 miles (595 km)
 - % water 0. The Flag of New Mexico consists of a red sun symbol of the Zia on a field of yellow The Great Seal of the State of New Mexico is the official seal of the U This is a list of US state nicknames, including officially adopted Nicknames and other traditional nicknames for individual states of the United States. Here is a list of state Mottos for the states of the United States of America. "Crescit eundo" is the State Motto of the US State of New Mexico. The United States does not have an Official language; however the majority of the population speaks English as a native language (about 82% A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Washington DC has been the capital of the United States since 1800 Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. This is a list of the largest cities of US states by population Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced The Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan area in central New Mexico that covers four counties - Bernalillo, Sandoval, Torrance Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a complete list of the states of the United States and its major territories ordered by total area, land area, and water area The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand 2
 - Latitude 31° 20′ N to 37° N
 - Longitude 103° W to 109° 3′ W
Population  Ranked 35th in the US
 - Total 2,499,481 (2008)
 - Density 14. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison as of July 1, 2007, according to the This article is a list of the 50 US States ordered by Population density. 98/sq mi 
5. 79/km² (45th in the US)
Elevation  
 - Highest point Wheeler Peak[1]
13,161 ft  (4,011 m)
 - Mean 5,692 ft  (1,735 m)
 - Lowest point Red Bluff Reservoir[1]
2,842 ft  (866 m)
Admission to Union  January 6, 1912 (47th)
Governor Bill Richardson (D)
Lieutenant Governor Diane Denish (D)
U.S. Senators Pete Domenici (R)
Jeff Bingaman (D)
Congressional Delegation List
Time zone Mountain: UTC-7/-6
Abbreviations NM US-NM
Website www.newmexico.gov

The State of New Mexico (pronounced /nuːˈmɛksɨkoʊ/) is located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> Wheeler Peak is the highest peak in the US state of New Mexico, with an elevation of. Red Bluff Reservoir is a reservoir on the Pecos River 40 miles (64 kilometers north of Pecos, Texas, USA. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of U Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government William Blaine "Bill" Richardson III (born November 15, 1947) is the current Governor of New Mexico and was a candidate for the 2008 This is a complete and current List of United States Lieutenant Governors. Diane D Denish (born March 3, 1949) is the Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico, the first woman to hold that post The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Pietro Vichi "Pete" Domenici (born May 7, 1932) is an American politician currently serving as a Republican Senator Jesse Francis "Jeff" Bingaman Jr (born October 3, 1943) is the junior U The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses These are tables of congressional delegations from New Mexico to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. This is a list of United States of America States by time zone The Mountain Time Zone of North America keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-7) during the shortest days of autumn Daylight saving time ( DST The traditional abbreviations for US states and territories were widely used in mailing addresses prior to the introduction of two-letter U ISO 3166-2US is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to the United States of America. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The Southwestern area of the United States could be defined as the states west of the Mississippi River, with the qualification of a certain northern limit such as the 37 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It has been inhabited by Native American populations and has been part of the Imperial Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S. territory. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch. The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Organized incorporated territories are those Territories of the United States that are both incorporated (part of the United States proper and organized Among U.S. states, New Mexico has the highest percentage of Hispanic Americans, comprising both recent immigrants and descendants of Spanish colonists. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. [2] It also has the third-highest percentage of Native Americans after Alaska and Oklahoma, and the fifth-highest total number of Native Americans after California, Oklahoma, Arizona, and Texas. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. [3] The tribes represented in the state consist of mostly Navajo and Pueblo peoples. The Navajo or Diné people (also spelled Navaho) of the Southwestern United States The Pueblo people are a Native American people in the Southwestern United States. As a result, the demographics and culture of the state are unique for their strong Spanish, Mexican, and American Indian cultural influences. The climate of the state is highly arid and its territory is mostly covered by mountains and desert. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. At a population density of 15 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth most sparsely inhabited U. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume S. State.

Contents

Geography

Desert scene not far from Chaco Canyon
Desert scene not far from Chaco Canyon
Further information: List of New Mexico counties
Digitally colored elevation map of NM
Digitally colored elevation map of NM

The state's total area is 121,665 square miles (315,110 km²). Chaco Culture National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park and it is a portion of a UNESCO World Heritage Site hosting the densest This is a list of the thirty-three' counties in the US state of New Mexico. The eastern border of New Mexico lies along 103° W longitude with the state of Oklahoma, and three miles (5 km) west of 103. Longitude (ˈlɒndʒɪˌtjuːd or ˈlɒŋgɪˌtjuːd symbolized by the Greek character Lambda (λ is the east-west Geographic coordinate measurement Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. 5° W longitude with Texas. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. On the southern border, Texas makes up the eastern two-thirds, while the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora make up the western third, with Chihuahua making up about 90% of that. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Sonora is one of the 31 federal states of Mexico and is located in the northwest of the country The western border with Arizona runs along the 109° 03' W longitude. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. The 32nd meridian of longitude west from Washington is a line of Longitude approximately 109°02'48" West of the Prime Meridian of Greenwich The 37° N latitude parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado. The 37th parallel north is a Circle of latitude that is 37 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi ( Φ) gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body north or south of the The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. The states New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah come together at the Four Corners in the northwestern corner of New Mexico. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. The Four Corners is a region of the United States consisting of southwest Colorado, northwest New Mexico, northeast Arizona and southeast New Mexico, although a large state, has little water. Its surface water area is only about 250 square miles (650 km²). New Mexico's average precipitation rate is only 15 inches (380 mm) a year.

The landscape ranges from wide, rose-colored deserts to broken mesas to high, snow-capped peaks. Landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land including physical elements such as Landforms living elements of flora and fauna abstract elements such as lighting A mesa ( Spanish, Portuguese and Arabic for "table" is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs Despite New Mexico's arid image, heavily forested mountain wildernesses cover a significant portion of the state, especially towards the north. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria The Sangre de Cristo Mountains, the southernmost part of the Rocky Mountains, run roughly north-south along the east side of the Rio Grande (Big River) in the rugged, pastoral north. The Sangre de Cristo Mountains ( Spanish for " Blood of Christ " are the southernmost subrange of the Rocky Mountains. Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. The most important of New Mexico's rivers are the Rio Grande, Pecos, Canadian, San Juan, and Gila. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page San Juan is Spanish for Saint John. It can also be the short version of San Juan Bautista ( John the Baptist) The Rio Grande is the eighth longest river in the U. S.

Cacti, yuccas, creosote bush, sagebrush, and desert grasses cover the broad, semiarid plains that cover the southern portion of the state. A cactus (plural cacti) is any member of the Spine plant family Cactaceae, native to the Americas The yuccas comprise the Genus Yucca of 40-50 species of perennials Shrubs and Trees in the Agave family Larrea tridentata, known as creosote bush (or chaparral when used as a medicinal herb is a Flowering plant in the family Zygophyllaceae

The Federal government protects millions of acres of New Mexico as national forests including:

Other protected lands include the following national monuments and parks:

Visitors also frequent the surviving native pueblos of New Mexico. "National forest" redirects here for the National Forest in England see National Forest England; for those in Brazil see List of Brazilian National Forests Carson National Forest is a national forest in northern New Mexico, United States. The Cibola National Forest is a United States National Forest in western and central New Mexico, USA. The Lincoln National Forest is a protected national forest in the State of New Mexico in the southwestern United States. The Santa Fe National Forest is a protected National forest in northern New Mexico in the southwestern United States. Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. The Gila National Forest is a protected National forest in New Mexico in the southwestern United States established in 1905 Gila Wilderness was designated the world's first Wilderness area on June 3, 1924. The Aztec Ruins National Monument preserves ancestral Pueblo structures in north-western New Mexico, United States, located close to the town of Aztec Aztec ( Kinteel) is a city in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. For the anthropologist see Adolph Bandelier. Bandelier National Monument is a U Los Alamos (Los Álamos meaning "The Cottonwoods quot is a Townsite and Census-designated place (CDP in Los Alamos County, Capulin Volcano National Monument, located in Northeastern New Mexico, was designated Carlsbad Caverns National Park is a United States National Park located in the Guadalupe Mountains in southeastern New Mexico. Carlsbad is a city in and the County seat of Eddy County, New Mexico, in the United States. Chaco Culture National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park and it is a portion of a UNESCO World Heritage Site hosting the densest Nageezi ( Naayízí) is a Census-designated place (CDP in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail is a part of the United States National Historic Trail system El Malpais National Monument is off I-40 in western New Mexico, USA near Grants is a city in Cibola County, New Mexico, United States. El Morro National Monument is located on an ancient east-west trail in western New Mexico Ramah (Tłʼohchiní is a Census-designated place (CDP in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. Fort Union National Monument is a unit of the National Park Service located Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument is a US National Monument in the Silver City is a town in Grant County, New Mexico, in the United States. The Old Spanish Trail is a historic Trade route which connected the northern New Mexican settlement of Santa Fé with that of Los Ángeles Pecos National Historical Park is a National Historical Park in the U Pecos is a village in San Miguel County, New Mexico, United States. Petroglyph National Monument stretches 17 miles (27 km along Albuquerque The Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument is located in the U Mountainair is a town in Torrance County, New Mexico, United States. The Santa Fe Trail was a Historic 19th century transportation route through southwestern North America connecting Missouri with Santa Fe The White Sands National Monument is a US National Monument located about 25 km (15 Alamogordo is a city in Otero County, New Mexico, United States of America. Tourists visiting these sites bring significant monies to the state. Other areas of geographical and scenic interest include Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument and the Valles Caldera National Preserve. Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument, located 40 miles southwest of Santa Fe New Valles Caldera (or Jemez Caldera) is a very large Volcano (a Supervolcano) at the heart of the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico The Gila Wilderness lies in the southwest of the state. Gila Wilderness was designated the world's first Wilderness area on June 3, 1924.

See also: Delaware Basin

History

Main article: History of New Mexico
Wagon in the mechanics corral of Fort Union National Monument, New Mexico
Wagon in the mechanics corral of Fort Union National Monument, New Mexico

The first known inhabitants of New Mexico were members of the Clovis culture of Paleo-Indians. The Delaware Basin in West Texas and southern New Mexico is famous for holding large oil fields and for exposing a fossilized reef Evidence from archaeologists conveys the existence of natives back to approximately 9200 B The Clovis culture (sometimes referred to as the Llano culture) is a Prehistoric Paleoindian culture that first appears in the archaeological Paleo-Indians or Paleo-Americans were the ancient peoples of the Americas who were present at the end of the last Ice Age. Indeed the culture is named for the New Mexico city where the first artifacts of this culture were discovered. Later inhabitants include Native Americans of the Anasazi and the Mogollon cultures. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States "Anasazi" directs here For the X-Files episode see Anasazi (The X-Files. The Mogollon (mʌɡɨˈjoʊn is the name applied to one of the four major Prehistoric archaeological culture areas of the American Southwest and Northern By the time of European contact in the 1500s, the region was settled by the villages of the Pueblo peoples and groups of Navajo, Apache and Ute. The Pueblo people are a Native American people in the Southwestern United States. The Navajo or Diné people (also spelled Navaho) of the Southwestern United States UTE ( Usinas y Terminales Eléctricas) is Uruguay 's government-owned power company

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado assembled an enormous expedition at Compostela in 1540–1542 to explore and find the mystical Seven Golden Cities of Cibola as described by Cabeza de Vaca who had just arrived from his eight-year ordeal traveling from Florida to Mexico. Francisco Vázquez de Coronado y Luján (Born in 1510 &ndash Died on September 22 1554 was a Spanish Conquistador, who visited New Mexico and other Compostela is the name of both a Municipality and the town within that municipality that serves as the seat of the Mexican state of Nayarit. Quivira and Cíbola are two of the fantastic Seven Cities of Gold existing only in a myth that originated around the year 1150 when the Moors conquered Mérida Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca ( Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, ca Coronado's men found several mud baked pueblos in 1541, but found no rich cities of gold. Further widespread expeditions found no fabulous cities anywhere in the Southwest or Great Plains. A dispirited and now poor Coronado and his men began their journey back to Mexico leaving New Mexico behind.

Over 50 years after Coronado, Juan de Oñate founded the San Juan colony on the Rio Grande in 1598, the first permanent European settlement in the future state of New Mexico. Don Juan de Oñate Salazar ( 1552 &ndash 1626) was an explorer colonial governor of the New Spain (present-day Mexico province of New San Juan is a Census-designated place (CDP in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. Oñate pioneered the grandly named El Camino Real, "Royal Road," as a 700 mile (1,100 km) trail from the rest of New Spain to his remote colony. El Camino Real ( Spanish for The Royal Road or The King's Highway) was the name of a series of pre-automobile Highways linking the various The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, Oñate was made the first governor of the new Province of New Mexico. Santa Fe de Nuevo México (shortened to Nuevo México or Nuevo Méjico, translated as New Mexico) was a province of New Spain that existed The Native Americans at Acoma revolted against this Spanish encroachment but faced severe suppression. Oldest buildings in America Acoma Pueblo (ˈækəmə Western Keresan: Aa'ku; Zuni: Hakukya) Haak'ooh in Navajo, also

Pueblo Ruins at Aztec Ruins National Monument.
Pueblo Ruins at Aztec Ruins National Monument.

In 1609, Pedro de Peralta, a later governor of the Province of New Mexico, established the settlement of Santa Fe at the foot of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The following is a list of governors of the Province of New Mexico under the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. The Sangre de Cristo Mountains ( Spanish for " Blood of Christ " are the southernmost subrange of the Rocky Mountains. The city, along with most of the settled areas of the state, was abandoned by the Spanish for 12 years (1680-1692) as a result of the successful Pueblo Revolt. The' Pueblo Revolt of 1680 or Popé's Rebellion' was an uprising of many Pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in After the death of the Pueblo leader Popé, Diego de Vargas restored the area to Spanish rule. Popé ( Po'pay) (born ca 1630 - died ca 1688) was a Tewa Religious leader from Ohkay Owingeh (formerly known as San Juan Diego de Vargas Zapata y Luján Ponce de León y Contreras (born in Spain, 1643 – 1704 commonly known as Don Diego de Vargas, was a Spanish Governor While developing Santa Fe as a trade center, the returning settlers founded the old town of Alburquerque in 1706, naming it for the viceroy of New Spain, the Duke of Alburquerque. The name later evolved into its present form of Albuquerque.

Mexican province

As a part of New Spain, the claims for the province of New Mexico passed to independent Mexico following the 1810-1821 Mexican War of Independence. The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Mexican War of Independence (1810 - 1821 was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities which started on September 16 1810 During the brief 26 year period of nominal Mexican control, Mexican authority and investment in New Mexico were weak, as their often conflicted government had little time or interest in a New Mexico that had been poor since the Spanish settlements started. Some Mexican officials, saying they were wary of encroachments by the growing United States, and wanting to reward themselves and their friends, began issuing enormous land grants (usually free) to groups of Mexican families as an incentive to populate the province. A land grant is a gift of Real estate - land or privileges - made by a government or other authority as a Reward for services

Small trapping parties from the United States had previously reached and stayed in Santa Fe, but the Spanish authorities officially forbade them to trade. Trader William Becknell returned to the United States in November 1821 with news that independent Mexico now welcomed trade through Santa Fe. William Becknell (1787 or 1788–1856 Amherst County Virginia) was a freighter and the first white man to open what became known as the Santa Fe Trail to trade

William Becknell left Independence, Missouri, for Santa Fe early in 1822 with the first party of traders. William Becknell (1787 or 1788–1856 Amherst County Virginia) was a freighter and the first white man to open what became known as the Santa Fe Trail to trade Independence is a city in Jackson County in the US state of Missouri, and the fourth largest city in the state The Santa Fe Trail trading company, headed by the brothers Charles Bent and William Bent and Ceran St. Vrain, was one of the most successful in the West. The Santa Fe Trail was a Historic 19th century transportation route through southwestern North America connecting Missouri with Santa Fe Charles Bent ( November 11, 1799 – January 19, 1847) was appointed as the first Governor of the newly acquired New Mexico Territory William Bent ( 1809 &ndash 1869) was a Trapper and Rancher who mediated between the Cheyenne and the expanding United States Ceran St Vrain ( May 5, 1802 &ndash October 28, 1870) was a descendant of French aristocrats who came to the United States They had their first trading post in the area in 1826, and, by 1833, they had built their adobe fort and trading post called Bent's Fort on the Arkansas River. Bent's Old Fort is an 1833 fort located in Otero County, Colorado, USA. The Arkansas River is a major Tributary of the Mississippi River. This fort and trading post, located about 200 miles (322 km) east of Taos, New Mexico, was the only place settled by whites along the Santa Fe trail before it hit Taos. Taos (ˈtaʊs is a town in Taos County in the north-central region of New Mexico. The Santa Fe National Historic Trail follows the route of the old trail, with many sites marked or restored. The Santa Fe Trail was a Historic 19th century transportation route through southwestern North America connecting Missouri with Santa Fe

Route of the Old Spanish Trail
Route of the Old Spanish Trail

The Spanish Trail from Los Angeles, California to Santa Fe, New Mexico was primarily used by Hispanics, white traders and ex-trappers living part of the year in or near Santa Fe. The Old Spanish Trail is a historic Trade route which connected the northern New Mexican settlement of Santa Fé with that of Los Ángeles Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. Started in about 1829, the trail was an arduous 2,400 (3862 km) mile round trip pack train sojourn that extended into Colorado, Utah, Nevada and California and back, allowing only one hard round trip per year. The trade consisted primarily of blankets and some trade goods from Santa Fe being traded for horses in California.

The Republic of Texas claimed the mostly vacant territory north and east of the Rio Grande when it successfully seceded from Mexico in 1836. The Republic of Texas was a sovereign Nation in North America between the United States and Mexico that existed from 1836 to New Mexico authorities captured a group of Texans who embarked an expedition to assert their claim to the province in 1841. Texas Santa Fe Expedition was a commercial and military expedition to secure the Republic of Texas 's claims to parts of Northern New Mexico for Texas in

American territory

Following the Mexican-American War, from 1846-1848 and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, Mexico forcibly ceded its mostly unsettled northern holdings, today known as the American Southwest and California to the United States of America in exchange for an end to hostilities, the evacuation of Mexico City and many other areas under American control. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ( Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo in Spanish) is the Peace treaty, largely dictated by the United States to The Southwestern area of the United States could be defined as the states west of the Mississippi River, with the qualification of a certain northern limit such as the 37 California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Mexico also received $15 million cash, plus the assumption of slightly more than $3 million in outstanding Mexican debts.

The Congressional Compromise of 1850 halted a bid for statehood under a proposed antislavery constitution. The Compromise of 1850 was a series of bills aimed at resolving the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War (1846&ndash1848 Texas transferred eastern New Mexico to the federal government, settling a lengthy boundary dispute. Under the compromise, the American government established the Territory of New Mexico on September 9, 1850. The Territory of New Mexico became an Organized territory of the United States on September 9, 1850, and it existed until New Mexico Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link The territory, which included most of the future states of Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado, officially established its capital at Santa Fe in 1851. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico.

The United States acquired the southwestern boot heel of the state and southern Arizona below the Gila river in the mostly desert Gadsden Purchase of 1853. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. The Gila /'hilə/ River ( O'odham [Pima]: Gila Akimel) is a Tributary of the Colorado River, 650 Miles (1044 Kilometers The Gadsden Purchase (known as Venta de La Mesilla or Treaty of La Mesilla in Mexico is a region of what is today southern Arizona and New Mexico This purchase was desired when it was found that a much easier route for a proposed transcontinental railroad was located slightly south of the Gila river. The Southern Pacific built the second transcontinental railroad though this purchased land in 1881.

During the American Civil War, Confederate troops from Texas briefly occupied the Rio Grande valley as far north as Santa Fe. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Union troops from the Territory of Colorado re-captured the territory in March 1862 at the Battle of Glorieta Pass. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For the western film see Colorado Territory (film. The Territory of Colorado was an Organized territory of the United States of The Battle of Glorieta Pass, fought on 26-28 March 1862 in northern New Mexico Territory, was the decisive Battle of the New Mexico Campaign during The Territory of Arizona was split off as a separate territory on February 24, 1863. The Territory of Arizona was an Organized territory of the United States that existed between 1863 and 1912 Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

There were centuries of conflict between the Apache, the Navajo and Spanish-Mexican settlements in the territory. The Navajo Wars were a series of battles often separated with treaties that involved raids by different Navajo bands on the rancheras along the Rio Grande The Navajo or Diné people (also spelled Navaho) of the Southwestern United States It took the federal government another 25 years after the Civil War to exert control over both the civilian and Native American populations of the territory. This started in 1864 when the Navajo were sent on "The Long Walk" to Bosque Redondo Reservation and then returned to most of their lands in 1868. The Long Walk of the Navajo, also called the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo, was a journey many Navajos made in 1863 to and from a reservation in southeastern The Apache were moved to various reservations and Apache wars continued until Geronimo finally surrendered in 1886. Geronimo ( Chiricahua: Goyaałé, "one who yawns" often spelled Goyathlay or Goyahkla in English ( June 16 1829

The railway encouraged the great cattle boom of the 1880s and the development of accompanying cow towns. The cattle barons could not keep out sheepherders, and eventually homesteaders and squatters overwhelmed the cattlemen by fencing in and plowing under the "sea of grass" on which the cattle fed. Conflicting land claims led to bitter quarrels among the original Spanish inhabitants, cattle ranchers, and newer homesteaders. Despite destructive overgrazing, ranching survived and remains a mainstay of the New Mexican economy.

Albuquerque, the largest city in New Mexico, on the middle Rio Grande, was incorporated in 1889.

Statehood

New Mexico state welcome sign
New Mexico state welcome sign

Congress admitted New Mexico as the 47th state in the Union on January 6, 1912. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting The admission of the neighboring State of Arizona on February 14, 1912 completed the contiguous 48 states. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting

The struggle to gain the voting rights for women came to be known as the "suffrage momement. " In spite of efforts by suffrage organizers after 1915, New Mexico's legislature was one of the last to ratify the 19th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution in 1920.

For the first 25 years of statehood, the NM Supreme Court lived in cramped quarters in the Capitol. Not until 1937 as a result of a Public Works Administrtion Project, did the Supreme Court get its own building. That year, there was a diphtheria epidemic in Santa Fe resulting in 20 deaths before serum was flown in to end it.

The United States government built the Los Alamos Research Center in 1943 amid the Second World War. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL (previously known at various times as Site Y, Los Alamos Laboratory, and Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory) is a World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Top-secret personnel there assembled the atomic bomb, first detonated at Trinity site in the desert on the White Sands Proving Grounds between Socorro and Alamogordo on July 16, 1945. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Trinity was the first test of technology for a Nuclear weapon. White Sands Missile Range (WSMR is a Rocket range of almost area the largest military installation in the United States "Socorro" redirects here For other uses see Socorro (disambiguation. Alamogordo is a city in Otero County, New Mexico, United States of America. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar

Albuquerque expanded rapidly after the war. High-altitude experiments near Roswell in 1947 reputedly led to persistent but unproven suspicions that the government captured and concealed extraterrestrial corpses and equipment. Roswell is a city in and the County seat of Chaves County in the southeastern quarter of the state of New Mexico, United States. The state quickly emerged as a leader in nuclear, solar, and geothermal energy research and development. Sandia National Laboratories, founded in 1949, carried out nuclear research and special weapons development at Kirtland Air Force Base south of Albuquerque and at Livermore, California. Sandia National Laboratories which is managed and operated by the Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation) is a major United For the civil airport use of this facility see Albuquerque International Sunport Kirtland Air Force Base is a major United States Air Livermore is a city in Alameda County, California, United States.

Located in the remote Chihuahuan Desert the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is located 26 miles (42 km) southeast of Carlsbad. The Chihuahuan Desert is a Desert that straddles the US-Mexico border. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, or WIPP, is the world's second underground repository (after closure of the Germany 's Asse Salt Mine in Carlsbad is a city in and the County seat of Eddy County, New Mexico, in the United States. Here nuclear wastes are buried deep in carved out salt formation disposal rooms mined 2,150 feet (655 m) underground in a 2,000-foot (610 m) thick salt formation that has been stable for more than 200 million years. WIPP began operations on March 26, 1999. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)

Demographics

New Mexico Population Density Map
New Mexico Population Density Map

(See also List of cities in New Mexico and New Mexico locations by per capita income) As of 2005, New Mexico has an estimated population of 1,928,384, which is an increase of 25,378, or 1. This is a list of incorporated cities towns and villages and unincorporated Census Designated Places in New Mexico. New Mexico has the fifth lowest Per capita income in the United States of America, at $17261 (2000 3%, from the prior year and an increase of 109,338, or 6. 0%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 74,397 people (that is 143,617 births minus 69,220 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 37,501 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 27,974 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 9,527 people.

The center of population of New Mexico is located in Torrance County, in the town of Manzano. In Demographics, the center of population of a region is the geographical point nearest to all the inhabitants of that region on average Torrance County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Manzano is a Census-designated place (CDP in Torrance County, New Mexico, United States. [4]

As of 2006, 8. 2% of the residents of the state were foreign-born.

Historical populations
Census Pop.  %±
1850 61,547
—
1860 87,034 41. 4%
1870 91,874 5. 6%
1880 119,565 30. 1%
1890 160,282 34. 1%
1900 195,310 21. 9%
1910 327,301 67. 6%
1920 360,350 10. 1%
1930 423,317 17. 5%
1940 531,818 25. 6%
1950 681,187 28. 1%
1960 951,023 39. 6%
1970 1,016,000 6. 8%
1980 1,302,894 28. 2%
1990 1,515,069 16. 3%
2000 1,819,046 20. 1%
Est. 2008 2,499,481 37. 4%
Demographics of New Mexico (csv)
By race White Black AIAN* Asian NHPI*
2000 (total population) 86. 64% 2. 48% 10. 67% 1. 51% 0. 19%
2000 (Hispanic only) 40. 56% 0. 49% 1. 14% 0. 21% 0. 08%
2005 (total population) 85. 85% 2. 85% 10. 99% 1. 66% 0. 20%
2005 (Hispanic only) 41. 74% 0. 69% 1. 09% 0. 23% 0. 09%
Growth 2000–05 (total population) 5. 05% 21. 88% 9. 19% 16. 09% 8. 63%
Growth 2000–05 (non-Hispanic only) 1. 48% 14. 84% 10. 16% 15. 68% 4. 63%
Growth 2000–05 (Hispanic only) 9. 10% 50. 54% 1. 12% 18. 71% 14. 27%
* AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native; NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

According to the Census Bureau, 1. 5% of the population is Multiracial/Mixed-Race, a population larger than both the Asian and NHPI population groups. New Mexico has the highest percentage of people of Hispanic ancestry of any state, some recent immigrants and others descendants of Spanish colonists. Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. The state also has a large Native American population, second behind Alaska. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Hispanics of colonial ancestry, along with recent Mexican immigrants, are present in most of the state, especially northern, central, and northeastern New Mexico. Mexican immigrants, legal or illegal, are prominent in southern parts of the state. Descendants of white American settlers, mostly of Irish and English descent, from other parts of United States live in west, southwest, and southeast areas and main cities of the state. The northwestern corner of the state is primarily occupied by Native Americans, of which Navajos and Pueblos are the largest tribes. As a result, the demographics and culture of the state are unique for their strong American, Colonial Spanish, Mexican, and Native American cultural influences.

The 20 Most Populous New Mexico Cities and Towns
Rank City County Population
1 City of Albuquerque Bernalillo County 534,089 (2008)
523,590 (2007)
2 City of Las Cruces Dona Ana County 86,268
3 City of Rio Rancho Sandoval County
71,607 (2007)
4 City of Santa Fe Santa Fe County 72,056
5 City of Roswell Chaves County 45,582
6 City of Farmington San Juan County 43,573
7 City of Alamogordo Otero County 36,069
8 City of Clovis Curry County 32,667
9 City of Hobbs Lea County 29,006
10 City of Carlsbad Eddy County 25,410
11 City of Gallup McKinley County 19,301
12 City of Deming Luna County 15,296
13 City of Las Vegas San Miguel County 14,565
14 City of Sunland Park Doña Ana County 14,234
15 City of Española Rio Arriba County 12,998
16 City of Los Alamos Los Alamos County 11,909
17 City of Los Lunas Valencia County 11,803
18 City of Portales Roosevelt County 11,131
19 City of Artesia Eddy County 10,597
20 City/Town of Silver City Grant County 10,545
The 5 Most Populous New Mexico Counties
Rank County Population
within
county limits		 Land Area
sq. Bernalillo County is the most populated county in the US state of New Mexico. Las Cruces is the second most populous city in New Mexico, the County seat of Doña Ana County, and a United States Metropolitan Statistical Area Doña Ana County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Rio Rancho (Spanish Río Rancho) is the largest city and economic hub of Sandoval County in the U Sandoval County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. Santa Fe County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Roswell is a city in and the County seat of Chaves County in the southeastern quarter of the state of New Mexico, United States. Chaves County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Farmington ( Tótah) is a city in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. San Juan County is a county located in the US state of New Mexico. Alamogordo is a city in Otero County, New Mexico, United States of America. Otero County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Clovis is a City in and the County seat of Curry County, New Mexico, United States Curry County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Hobbs is a city in Lea County New Mexico. The population was 28657 at the 2000 census. Lea County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Carlsbad is a city in and the County seat of Eddy County, New Mexico, in the United States. Eddy County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Gallup (Naʼnízhoozhí is a city in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. McKinley County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Deming is a city in Luna County, New Mexico, United States, located 60 miles (97 km west of Las Cruces. Luna County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Las Vegas is a city in San Miguel County, New Mexico, United States. San Miguel County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Sunland Park is a city in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. Doña Ana County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Rio Arriba County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Los Alamos (Los Álamos meaning "The Cottonwoods quot is a Townsite and Census-designated place (CDP in Los Alamos County, Los Alamos County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Los Lunas is a village in Valencia County, New Mexico, in the United States. Valencia County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Portales is a city in and the County seat of Roosevelt County, New Mexico, United States. Roosevelt County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Artesia is a city in Eddy County, New Mexico, centered at the intersection of U Eddy County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Silver City is a town in Grant County, New Mexico, in the United States. Grant County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. miles		 Population
Density
per sq mi		 Largest city
1 Bernalillo County 609,619 1,166 149 Albuquerque
2 Doña Ana County 189,444 3,807 69 Las Cruces
3 Santa Fe County 140,855 1,909 81 Santa Fe
4 San Juan County 126,208 5,514 58 Farmington
5 Sandoval County 107,460 3,710 51 Rio Rancho

Ancestry groups

According to the U. Bernalillo County is the most populated county in the US state of New Mexico. Doña Ana County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Las Cruces is the second most populous city in New Mexico, the County seat of Doña Ana County, and a United States Metropolitan Statistical Area Santa Fe County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. San Juan County is a county located in the US state of New Mexico. Farmington ( Tótah) is a city in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. Sandoval County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Rio Rancho (Spanish Río Rancho) is the largest city and economic hub of Sandoval County in the U S. Census, the largest ancestry groups in New Mexico are:

Ancestry Percentage Main article:
Mexican (18. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. 1%) of Total See Mexican American
Native American (10. See also History of Mexican-Americans Mexican Americans are Americans of Mexican ancestry For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. 3%) See Native Americans in the United States
German (9. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. 8%) See German American
Hispanic (9. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically 4%) See Hispanic American
Spanish (9. Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. 3%) See Spanish American
English (7. Spanish American ( Hispano Americano, derived from la ''[[Hispania]]'' now known as es ''[[Spain España]]'' the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 6%) See English American
Irish (7. English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo -Americans although this may have a wider cultural meaning are Citizens of the United States whose ancestry Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world 3%) See Irish American

Some are mixtures of all of these groups and others. Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland.

7. 2% of New Mexico's population was reported as under 5 years of age, 28% under 18, and 11. 7% were 65 or older. Females make up approximately 50. 8% of the population.

Languages

According the 2000 U.S. Census, 28. 76% of the population aged 5 and over speak Spanish at home, while 4. 07% speak Navajo. Navajo or Navaho ( native name: Diné bizaad) is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock spoken in the southwest United States by [5]

New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English, due to the widespread usage of Spanish in the state. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Although the original state constitution of 1912 provided for a temporarily bilingual government, New Mexico has no official language. Nevertheless, the state government publishes a driver's manual as well as ballots in both languages, although they are required to publish ballots in Spanish by federal law.

The constitution provided that, for the following twenty years, all laws passed by the legislature be published in both Spanish and English, and thereafter as the legislature should provide.

Prior to 1967, notices of statewide and county elections were required to be printed in English and "may be printed in Spanish. " Additionally, many legal notices today are required to be published in both English and Spanish. [6]

In 1995, New Mexico adopted a "State Bilingual Song," titled "New Mexico - Mi Lindo Nuevo México. "

Religion

New Mexico has the highest percentage of Catholics of any Western U.S. state. The Western United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American West or simply the West &mdashtraditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost In comparison to other U.S. states, and like many other states in the region. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government

The Religious distributions were as follows:[7]

Within the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, New Mexico belongs to the Ecclesiastical Province of Santa Fe. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. A Latter PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The world's principal Religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major groups or world religions'. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos An ecclesiastical province is a large jurisdiction of religious government so named by analogy with a secular Province, existing in certain hierarchical Christian New Mexico has three dioceses, one of which is an archdiocese:

Economy

State income

New Mexico State Quarter
New Mexico State Quarter

The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that New Mexico's total state product in 2003 was $57 billion. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe is an ecclesiastical territory or Diocese of the southwestern region of the United States in the state of New Mexico The Roman Catholic Diocese of Gallup is an ecclesiastical territory or Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States The Roman Catholic Diocese of Las Cruces is an ecclesiastical territory or Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States The 50 State Quarters program ( is the release of a series of commemorative coins by the United States Mint. Per capita personal income in 2003 was $24,995, 48th in the nation. [8]

Major industries/products

New Mexico Industries by 2004 Taxable Gross Receipts (000s)
Retail Trade 12,287,061
Construction 5,039,555
Other Services (excluding Public Administration) 4,939,187
Professional, Scientific and Technology Services 3,708,527
Accommodation and Food Services 2,438,460
Wholesale Trade 2,146,066
Health Care and Social Assistance 1,897,471
Utilities 1,654,483
Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction 1,238,211
Manufacturing 926,372
Information and Cultural Industries 849,902
Unclassified Establishments 725,405
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 544,739
Finance and Insurance 254,223
Transportation and Warehousing 221,457
Public Administration 159,013
Educational Services 125,649
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 124,017
Admin & Support, Waste Management & Remediation 73,062
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 71,853
Management of Companies and Enterprises 48,714
Totals 39,473,429
Source: State of New Mexico Department of Labor

Agricultural and mining

Cattle and dairy products top the list of major animal products of New Mexico. Cattle, sheep, and other livestock graze most of the arable land of the state throughout the year.

Limited, scientifically controlled dryland farming prospers alongside cattle ranching. Major crops include hay, nursery stock, pecans, and chile peppers. The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade Hay and sorghum top the list of major dryland crops. Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are used as Fodder plants either cultivated or as part Farmers also produce onions, potatoes, and dairy products. New Mexico specialty crops include piñon nuts, pinto beans, and chiles. Pine nuts are the edible Seeds of Pines (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus)

The Carlsbad and Fort Sumner reclamation projects on the Pecos River and the nearby Tucumcari project provide adequate water for limited irrigation in those areas of the desert and semiarid portions of the state where scant rainfall evaporates rapidly, generally leaving insufficient water supplies for large-scale irrigation. The Pecos River or Rio Pecos as it is sometimes known in New Mexico, arises near Pecos New Mexico, United States, and flows for through the eastern Located upstream of Las Cruces, the Elephant Butte Reservoir provides a major irrigation source for the extensive farming along the Rio Grande. Las Cruces is the second most populous city in New Mexico, the County seat of Doña Ana County, and a United States Metropolitan Statistical Area Elephant Butte Reservoir is a reservoir on the Rio Grande in the U Other irrigation projects use the Colorado River basin and the San Juan River. The Colorado River (' Aha Kwahwat in Mojave) is a River in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, approximately

Lumber mills in Albuquerque process pinewood, the chief commercial wood of the rich timber economy of northern New Mexico.

Mineral extraction: New Mexicans derive much of their income from mineral extraction. Even before European exploration, Native Americans mined turquoise for making jewelry. [9] After the Spanish introduced refined silver alloys they were incorporated into the Indian jewelry designs. New Mexico produces uranium ore (see Uranium mining in New Mexico), manganese ore, potash, salt, perlite, copper ore, beryllium, and tin concentrates. Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the Uranium mining in New Mexico, a state of the United States was a significant industry from the early 1950s until the early 1980s Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Potash (or carbonate of potash) is an impure form of Potassium carbonate ( K 2 CO3) Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants Perlite is an Amorphous Volcanic Glass that has a relatively high Water content typically formed by the hydration of Obsidian Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Beryllium (bəˈrɪliəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Be and Atomic number 4 Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 Natural gas, petroleum, and coal are also found in smaller quantities. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit

Manufacturing

Industrial output, centered around Albuquerque, includes electric equipment; petroleum and coal products; food processing; printing and publishing; and stone, glass, and clay products. Defense-related industries include ordnance. Important high-technology industries include lasers, data processing, and solar energy.

Government and military

Federal government spending is a major driver of the New Mexico economy. The federal government spends $2 on New Mexico for every dollar of tax revenue collected from the state. This rate of return is higher than any other state in the Union. [1]. The federal government is also a major employer in New Mexico providing more than a quarter of the state's jobs. Many of the federal jobs relate to the military; the state hosts three air force bases (Kirtland Air Force Base, Holloman Air Force Base, and Cannon Air Force Base); a testing range (White Sands Missile Range); an army proving ground and maneuver range (Fort Bliss Military Reservation - McGregor Range);national observatories; and the technology labs of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). For the civil airport use of this facility see Albuquerque International Sunport Kirtland Air Force Base is a major United States Air Holloman Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located six miles (10 km) southwest of the Central business district of Alamogordo Cannon Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located in Curry County, New Mexico, near the city of Clovis. White Sands Missile Range (WSMR is a Rocket range of almost area the largest military installation in the United States Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL (previously known at various times as Site Y, Los Alamos Laboratory, and Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory) is a Sandia National Laboratories which is managed and operated by the Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation) is a major United SNL conducts electronic and industrial research on Kirtland AFB, on the southeast side of Albuquerque. These installations also include the missile and spacecraft proving grounds at White Sands. White Sands Missile Range (WSMR is a Rocket range of almost area the largest military installation in the United States In addition to the military employers, other federal agencies such as the National Park Service, the United States Forest Service, and the United States Bureau of Land Management are a big part of the states rural employment base. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation The Bureau of Land Management (BLM is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior which administers America's Public lands totaling approximately

Tourism and retirement

Virgin Galactic, the first space tourism company to develop commercial flights into space, has decided to put its world headquarters and mission control in Upham, New Mexico (25 miles (40 km) south of Truth or Consequences); Virgin Galactic will have its inaugural launch of the VSS Enterprise spaceship in 2008, and will begin launching ordinary citizens in early 2009. Virgin Galactic is a company within Sir Richard Branson 's Virgin Group which plans to provide Sub-orbital spaceflights to the paying public Space tourism is the recent Phenomenon of tourists paying for flights into space pioneered by Russia Upham is an uninhabited unincorporated town and place in Sierra County, New Mexico, United States. Truth or Consequences is a spa city in and the County seat of Sierra County, New Mexico, United States. The VSS Enterprise is the first commercial spaceship being constructed by Virgin Galactic. [10][11][12]

Tourism provides many service jobs. For top attractions see: Tourism. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America.

The private service economy in urban New Mexico, especially in Albuquerque, has boomed in recent decades. Since the end of World War II, the city has gained an ever-growing number of retirees, especially among armed forces veterans and government workers. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including It is also increasingly gaining notice as a health conscious community, and contains many hospitals and a high per capita number of massage and alternative therapists. The warm, semiarid climate has contributed to the exploding population of Albuquerque, attracting new industries to New Mexico. By contrast, many heavily Native American and Hispanic rural communities remain economically underdeveloped.

Movie and TV

Feature films have used New Mexico as a location since The Indian School in 1898. Financial incentives and construction of facilities (such as The Albuquerque Studios)[13] have created opportunities for locally based crew members with production reaching an all time high in 2007. As of the end of August 2007, 30 major projects have been filmed in the state, more than in any other calendar year in history. [14]

Film and television post-production is also growing with companies such as Sony Imageworks establishing a permanent home in the state. Sony Pictures Imageworks Inc is an Academy Award -winning State-of-the-art Visual effects and Character animation company [15]

Taxes

Personal income tax rates for New Mexico range from 1. 7% to 5. 3%, within 4 income brackets.

New Mexico does not have a sales tax. A sales tax is a Consumption tax charged at the Point of purchase for certain goods and services Instead, it has a 5% gross receipts tax. In almost every case, the business passes along the tax to the consumer, so that the gross receipts tax resembles a sales tax. The combined gross receipts tax rate varies throughout the state from 5. 125% to 7. 8125%. The total rate is a combination of all rates imposed by the state, counties and municipalities. Beginning January 1, 2005, New Mexicans no longer pay taxes on most food purchases; however, there are exceptions to this program. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Also beginning January 1, 2005, the state eliminated the tax on certain medical services. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

In general, taxes are not assessed on personal property. Personal property is a type of Property. In the Common law systems personal property may also be called chattels or personalty. Personal household effects, licensed vehicles, registered aircraft, certain personal property warehoused in the state and business personal property that is not depreciated for federal income tax purposes are exempt from the property tax. Property tax, or millage tax, is an Ad valorem tax that an owner pays on the value of the property being taxed

Property tax rates vary substantially and depend on the type of property and its location. The state does not assess tax on intangible personal property. There is no inheritance tax, but an inheritance may be reflected in a taxpayer's modified gross income and taxed that way. Estate tax and Death duty redirect here Inheritance tax, estate tax and death duty are the names given to various taxes which

Economic incentives

New Mexico provides a number of economic incentives to businesses operating in the state, including various types of tax credits and tax exemptions. Most of the incentives are based on job creation. [16]

New Mexico law allows governments to provide land, buildings, and infrastructure to businesses to promote job creation. Several municipalities have imposed an Economic Development Gross Receipts Tax (a form of Municipal Infrastructure GRT) that is used to pay for these infrastructure improvements and for marketing their areas. A gross receipts tax, sometimes referred to as a gross excise tax, is a Tax on the total gross revenues of a company regardless of their source [17]

The state provides financial incentives for film production. [18] [19] The New Mexico Film Office estimated at the end of 2007 that the incentive program had brought more than 85 film projects to the state since 2003 and had added $1. 2 billion to the economy. [20]

Largest employers

(Not ranked by size)

Source: Economic Research & Analysis Bureau New Mexico Department of Labor[21]

Transportation

Passenger trains

The New Mexico Rail Runner Express is a commuter rail system serving the metropolitan area of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The College of Santa Fe is a small Liberal arts college, with strong programs in the arts based in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The Boy Scouts of America ( BSA) is the largest youth organization in the United States with over five million The Bureau of Land Management (BLM is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior which administers America's Public lands totaling approximately Mesa Air Group Inc ( is a Nevada Corporation commercial aviation Holding company with headquarters in Phoenix Arizona. The Navajo Nation ( Diné in the Navajo language) is a semi- autonomous Native American homeland covering about 26000 square miles (67339 square Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL (previously known at various times as Site Y, Los Alamos Laboratory, and Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory) is a Wal-Mart Stores Inc (or Walmart as written in its new logo is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores Northern New Mexico College, formerly known as Northern New Mexico Community College, is a two-year and four-year degree granting institution with campuses in Española PNM Resources is an energy holding company based in the US state of New Mexico. Sandia National Laboratories which is managed and operated by the Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation) is a major United The University of New Mexico ( UNM) is a Public University in Albuquerque, New Mexico. For the civil airport use of this facility see Albuquerque International Sunport Kirtland Air Force Base is a major United States Air Kmart (sometimes spelled as " K-Mart " is a chain of department stores in the United States, Puerto Rico, the U Wal-Mart Stores Inc (or Walmart as written in its new logo is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation The United States Immigration and Naturalization Service ( INS) was a part of the United States Department of Justice and handled legal and illegal Immigration New Mexico State University, or NMSU is a Land-grant university that has its main campus in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (also called New Mexico Tech, Tech, The Tech, and originally known as the New Mexico School of Mines The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Fort Bliss is a United States Army Military installation of approximately -- the second largest in the Army behind the adjacent White Sands Missile The New Mexico Rail Runner Express is a Commuter rail system serving the metropolitan area of Albuquerque New Mexico. Commuter rail, regional rail or suburban rail is a Passenger rail transport service between a city center and outer suburbs and Commuter towns It began operation on July 14, 2006. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The system is in Phase I of planned development, operating on an existing old ATSF, now BNSF right of way from Belen to Bernalillo. The BNSF Railway headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas, is one of the four remaining Transcontinental railroads and one of the largest railroad networks in Belen (bəˈlɪn (Spanish Belén is a city in Valencia County, New Mexico, United States. Bernalillo is a town in Sandoval County, New Mexico, in the United States. However, the entire line from Belen to Raton was recently sold to the state of New Mexico for the construction of phase II, which is currently underway and scheduled to open by late 2010. It will extend the line northward to Santa Fe. Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico.

Amtrak's Southwest Chief passes through daily at stations in Gallup, Albuquerque, Lamy, Las Vegas, and Raton, offering connections to Los Angeles, Flagstaff, Kansas City, and Chicago. The Southwest Chief (formerly the Southwest Limited) is a Passenger train operated by Amtrak along a 2256-mile (3631-km route through Gallup (Naʼnízhoozhí is a city in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. Lamy is a Census-designated place (CDP in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States, to the south of the city of Sante Fe. Las Vegas is a city in San Miguel County, New Mexico, United States. Raton is a city in Colfax County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 7282 at the 2000 census. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Flagstaff (Kinłání is a city located in northern Arizona, in the southwestern United States Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The only true transcontinental train in the United States, The Sunset Limited makes stops three times a week in Lordsburg, and Deming. The Sunset Limited is a Passenger train that for most of its history has run between New Orleans and Los Angeles California, and that from early Lordsburg is a city in Hidalgo County, New Mexico, United States. Deming is a city in Luna County, New Mexico, United States, located 60 miles (97 km west of Las Cruces.

Gallup, New Mexico along old Route 66.
Gallup, New Mexico along old Route 66.
New Mexico highways
New Mexico highways

Roadways

Interstate Freeways

U. Interstate 10 ( I-10) is the southernmost east-west coast-to-coast Interstate highway in the United States. Interstate 40 (I-40 is a major west-east Interstate highway in the United States S. Routes: East–West Routes

U. US Route 550 is a spur of US Highway 50 that runs from Bernalillo New Mexico to Montrose Colorado in the western United States. US Route 54 is an east-west United States highway that runs northeast-southwest for 1197 miles (1926 km from western Illinois to El Paso Texas US Route 56 is an east-west United States highway that runs for 640 miles in the Midwestern United States. For the US Route 60 in the 1925 plan see US Route 66. US Route 60 is an east-west United States highway, running 2670 Miles US Route 62 runs from the US-Mexico border at El Paso Texas to Niagara Falls New York, near the United States-Canada border. US Route 64 is an east-west United States highway that runs for 2326 miles (3743 km from eastern North Carolina to just southwest of the Four Corners US Route 70 is an east-west United States highway that runs for 2385 miles (3838 km from eastern North Carolina to east-central Arizona. US Route 80 is an east-west United States highway. As the "0" in the route number indicates it was originally a cross-country route from the Atlantic US Route 180 is an east-west United States highway. Like many three-digit routes US 180 no longer meets its "parent" US 80. US Route 380 is an east-west United States highway. The highway's eastern terminus is in Greenville Texas at an intersection with Interstate 30, of which US Route 82 is an east-west United States highway in the southern United States US Route 84 is an east-west United States highway. It started as a short Georgia - Alabama route in the original 1926 scheme but now extends S. Routes: North–South Routes

See also: List of New Mexico highways

Law and government

The Constitution of 1912, as amended, dictates the form of government in the state. US Route 285 is a north-south United States highway, running 845 miles (1260 km through the states of Texas, New Mexico and Colorado. US Route 491 (US 491 is a north–south US Highway serving the Four Corners region of the United States.

Governor Bill Richardson and Lieutenant Governor Diane Denish, both Democrats, won re-election in 2006. William Blaine "Bill" Richardson III (born November 15, 1947) is the current Governor of New Mexico and was a candidate for the 2008 Diane D Denish (born March 3, 1949) is the Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico, the first woman to hold that post Their terms expire in January 2011. Governors serve a term of four years and may seek reelection. For a list of past governors, see List of New Mexico Governors. Governors Governors of New Mexico Territory Governors of New Mexico

Other constitutional officers, all of whose terms also expire in January 2011, include Secretary of State Mary Herrera,[22] Attorney General Gary King,[23] State Auditor Hector Balderos,[24] State Land Commissioner, Pat Lyons,[25] and State Treasurer James B. Gary King may be referring to Gary King (radio, UK radio personality Gary King (politician, New Mexico Attorney General Lewis. [26] Herrera, King, Balderas and Lewis are Democrats. Lyons is a Republican.

The New Mexico State Legislature is comprising a 70-seat House of Representatives and a 42-seat Senate. The New Mexico Legislature is the Legislative branch of the State government of New Mexico. The New Mexico House of Representatives is the lower house of the New Mexico State Legislature. The New Mexico Senate is the upper house of the New Mexico State Legislature. The Democratic Party generally dominates state politics, and as of 2008 50% of voters were registered Democrats, 33% were registered Republicans, and 15% did not affiliate with either of the two major parties.

New Mexico sent Democrat Jeff Bingaman to the United States Senate until January 2013 and Republican Pete V. Domenici until January 2009. Jesse Francis "Jeff" Bingaman Jr (born October 3, 1943) is the junior U The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Pietro Vichi "Pete" Domenici (born May 7, 1932) is an American politician currently serving as a Republican Senator Republicans Steve Pearce and Heather Wilson and Democrat Tom Udall represent the state in the United States House of Representatives. Stevan Edward Pearce (born August 24, 1947) is an American politician from the U Heather A Wilson (born December 30 1960) is a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives representing from 1998 to 2008 Thomas Stewart Udall (born May 18, 1948) is an American politician who has represented as a member of the United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. See New Mexico congressional map. This is a complete list of congressional districts for representation in the United States House of Representatives.

Politics

In the past, New Mexico has given its electoral votes to all but two Presidential election winners since statehood. The Electoral College consists of 538 popularly elected representatives who formally select the President and Vice President of the United States. In these exceptions, New Mexicans supported Republican President Gerald Ford over Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter in 1976, and Democratic Vice President Al Gore over Texas Governor George W. Bush in 2000. Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States.

Recently, New Mexico supported Democrats in 1992, 1996, and 2000. In 2004, George W. Bush narrowly won the state's electoral votes by a margin of 0. 8 percentage points with 49. 8% of the vote. Democrats hold majorities in 21 of the 33 counties of New Mexico, including Albuquerque, Las Cruces, two northwestern counties, and, by large margins, in six counties of Northern New Mexico (Santa Fe, Rio Arriba, Taos, Mora, San Miguel, and Guadalupe).

Overall, the trend is toward the Democratic Party and away from the Republican Party. The registration numbers are: 50% Democrat, 33% Republican, and 15% other.

Important cities and towns

Albuquerque
Albuquerque

New Mexico's largest cities are Albuquerque, Las Cruces, Santa Fe, Rio Rancho, Roswell, and Farmington. Las Cruces is the second most populous city in New Mexico, the County seat of Doña Ana County, and a United States Metropolitan Statistical Area Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. Rio Rancho (Spanish Río Rancho) is the largest city and economic hub of Sandoval County in the U Roswell is a city in and the County seat of Chaves County in the southeastern quarter of the state of New Mexico, United States. Farmington ( Tótah) is a city in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States.

Further information: List of cities in New Mexico

Military

In addition to the National Guard, New Mexico has a State Defense Force. This is a list of incorporated cities towns and villages and unincorporated Census Designated Places in New Mexico. State Defense Forces ( SDF) (also known as State Guards, State Military Reserves, or State Militias) in the United States are military It is also home to Cannon Air Force Base west of Clovis, Holloman Air Force Base west of Alamogordo, Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, and White Sands Missile Range in Doña Ana and Otero counties. Cannon Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located in Curry County, New Mexico, near the city of Clovis. Holloman Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located six miles (10 km) southwest of the Central business district of Alamogordo For the civil airport use of this facility see Albuquerque International Sunport Kirtland Air Force Base is a major United States Air White Sands Missile Range (WSMR is a Rocket range of almost area the largest military installation in the United States Other minor locations include the New Mexico Army National Guard Headquarters in Santa Fe county and the National Guard Amoury in far northern Rio Rancho in Sandoval county. Rio Rancho (Spanish Río Rancho) is the largest city and economic hub of Sandoval County in the U

Education

Secondary education

Main article: List of high schools in New Mexico

Colleges and universities

Sculpture at Mesalands Community College in Tucumcari
Sculpture at Mesalands Community College in Tucumcari
Main article: List of colleges and universities in New Mexico

Miscellaneous topics

State symbols

State motto Latin: Crescit eundo
(It Grows as It Goes)		 1912
State nicknames Land of Enchantment
(Spanish: Tierra del Encanto or Tierra Encantada)		 19_?
The Colorful State 19_?
The Spanish State 19_?
State songs O Fair New Mexico 1917
Spanish: Asi Es Nuevo México 1971
New Mexico-Mi Lindo Nuevo México 1995
State flower Yucca flower 1927
State tree Two-Needle Piñon pine 1949
State bird Greater roadrunner 1949
State fish Cutthroat trout 1955
State animal black bear 1963
State vegetables frijoles con chile (frē∙hōl∙əs cōn chēlə) beans and chile pepper 1965
State gem turquoise 1967
State grass blue grama 1973
State fossil coelophysis 1981
State cookie bizcochito 1989
State insect tarantula wasp 1989
State ballad Land of Enchantment 1989
State poem Spanish: A Nuevo México 1991
State question * "Red or Green?" 1999
State Tie Bolo Tie 2007
State ship USS New Mexico (BB-40) 1918–1946
USS New Mexico (SSN-779) **2006

(*)The official state question refers to a question commonly heard at restaurants, where waiters will ask customers "red or green?" in reference to which kind of chili pepper or "chile sauce" the customers wants served with their meal. This is a list of high schools in the state of New Mexico. Bernalillo County List of high schools in Albuquerque New Mexico Albuquerque Mesalands Community College located on 23 acres in Tucumcari New Mexico, is a two-year higher education institution offering instruction at the Associate's degree This article is about the city in New Mexico USA For other uses see Tucumcari (disambiguation. The following is a list of Colleges and universities in the U Central New Mexico Community College ( CNM) formerly Albuquerque Technical Vocational Institute, is the Community college for metropolitan Albuquerque The College of Santa Fe is a small Liberal arts college, with strong programs in the arts based in Santa Fe, New Mexico. College of the Southwest is a private non-denominational four-year educational institution located in Hobbs New Mexico. Diné College is a two-year tribally controlled Community college, serving the people of the 27000 square-mile (about 70000 km² Navajo Indian Reservation, which Eastern New Mexico University (abbreviated ENMU) frequently called Eastern, is a state university in Portales, Roosevelt County New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (also called New Mexico Tech, Tech, The Tech, and originally known as the New Mexico School of Mines New Mexico Highlands University ( NMHU) is a University located in Las Vegas, New Mexico. New Mexico Military Institute is located in Roswell, New Mexico. New Mexico State University, or NMSU is a Land-grant university that has its main campus in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Founded in 1956 as a branch of the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts, San Juan College became an independent community college following a county election in 1981 St John's College is a Liberal arts college with two US campuses Annapolis Maryland and Santa Fe New Mexico. The University of New Mexico ( UNM) is a Public University in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Western New Mexico University is a University located in Silver City New Mexico. Here is a list of state Mottos for the states of the United States of America. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. "Crescit eundo" is the State Motto of the US State of New Mexico. This is a list of US state nicknames, including officially adopted Nicknames and other traditional nicknames for individual states of the United States. Introduction Forty-nine states of the United States (all except New Jersey) have one or more state songs, selected by the state O Fair New Mexico, the State song of the US state of New Mexico was officially adopted in 1917 Así Es Nuevo Méjico (Such is New Mexico is the official Spanish language State Song of the U In a number of countries plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas The yuccas comprise the Genus Yucca of 40-50 species of perennials Shrubs and Trees in the Agave family In a number of countries plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas The pinyon (or piñon) Pine group grows in the southwestern United States and in Mexico. This is a list of US state birds as designated by each state's legislature The Greater Roadrunner ( Geococcyx californianus) is a long-legged Bird in the Cuckoo family Cuculidae This is a list of official and *unofficial US state fish:The only states lacking a state fish as of 2008 are Arkansas Indiana Kansas and Ohio The cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki) is a Species of Freshwater Fish in the salmon family of order A state mammal is the official or representative Animal of a U The American Black Bear ( Ursus americanus) is the most common Bear Species native to North America. Bean is a common name for large plant Seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae used for human food or animal The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade Not every state has an official state mineral rock stone or gemstone Turquoise is an opaque blue-to-green Mineral that is a hydrous Phosphate of Copper and Aluminium, with the Chemical The following is a list of official US state grass. See also Lists of U Blue grama ( Bouteloua gracilis (Willd ex Kunth Lag ex Griffiths is a long-lived warm season C4 perennial Grass native to North Most American states have made a state fossil designation in many cases during the 1980s. Coelophysis (siːˈloʊfaɪsɨs see-LOH-fye-siss meaning "hollow form " in reference to its hollow Bones ( Greek κοιλος Bizcochito or biscochito is a crispy butter cookie flavored with Anise and Cinnamon. This is a list of United States state insects note that some states have more than one designated insect or have multiple categories (e The tarantula hawk is the common name for species in the genera Pepsis and Hemipepsis of the family Pompilidae, in the insect A Nuevo México (To New Mexico is the State Poem of the US State of New Mexico. This is a list of official state ships as designated by each state's legislature Operational history Prior to World War II 1915 – 1918 Construction New Mexico was laid down 14 October 1915 by the New York Navy Yard Construction The contract to build her was awarded to Northrop Grumman Newport News in Newport News Virginia on 14 August 2003. The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade This type of "chile" is usually distinct from salsa, as the chile sauce is much finer and thicker and more commonly served with meals. Salsa is the Spanish, Arabic, and Italian word that can refer to any type of Sauce. Natives are more likely to refer to the chili sauce put on their meal as just plain "chile", and not as any form of "salsa" (which is usually reserved by natives in English for the salsa served with chips; everything else is just "chile").

(**)The second USS New Mexico, SSN-779, is scheduled to be constructed. Construction The contract to build her was awarded to Northrop Grumman Newport News in Newport News Virginia on 14 August 2003.

Culture

Symbols of the Southwest — a string of chili peppers and a bleached white cow's skull hang in a market near Santa Fe
Symbols of the Southwest — a string of chili peppers and a bleached white cow's skull hang in a market near Santa Fe

With a Native American population of 134,000 in 1990, New Mexico still ranks as an important center of American Indian culture. The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Both the Navajo and Apache share Athabaskan origin. The Navajo Nation ( Diné in the Navajo language) is a semi- autonomous Native American homeland covering about 26000 square miles (67339 square Athabaskan or Athabascan (also Athapascan, Athapaskan, Athabasca Indians or Athapaskes) is the name of a large group of closely The Apache and some Ute live on federal reservations within the state. The Utes (/juːts/ " yoots " are an ethnically related group of American Indians now living primarily in Utah and Colorado. With 16 million acres (6,500,000 ha), mostly in neighboring Arizona, the reservation of the Navajo Nation ranks as the largest in the United States. Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. The Navajo Nation ( Diné in the Navajo language) is a semi- autonomous Native American homeland covering about 26000 square miles (67339 square The prehistorically agricultural Pueblo Indians live in pueblos scattered throughout the state, many older than any European settlement. The Pueblo people are a Native American people in the Southwestern United States.

More than one-third of New Mexicans claim Hispanic origin, the vast majority of whom descend from the original Spanish colonists in the northern portion of the state. Most of the considerably fewer recent Mexican immigrants reside in the southern part of the state.

There are many New Mexicans who also speak a unique dialect of Spanish. New Mexican Spanish has vocabulary often unknown to other Spanish speakers. New Mexican Spanish is a variant or dialect of Spanish spoken in the United States, primarily in the northern part of the state of New Mexico and the southern part Because of the historical isolation of New Mexico from other speakers of the Spanish language, the local dialect preserves some late medieval Castillian vocabulary considered archaic elsewhere, adopts numerous Native American words for local features, and contains much Anglicized vocabulary for American concepts and modern inventions.

The presence of various indigenous Native American communities, the long-established Spanish and Mexican influence, and the diversity of Anglo-American settlement in the region, ranging from pioneer farmers and ranchers in the territorial period to military families in later decades, make New Mexico a particularly heterogeneous state.

There are natural history and atomic museums in Albuquerque, which also hosts the famed Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta. The Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta is a yearly balloon fiesta that takes place in Albuquerque New Mexico, USA during early October

A large artistic community thrives in Santa Fe. Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. The capital city has museums of Spanish colonial, international folk, Navajo ceremonial, modern Native American, and other modern art. Another museum honors resident Georgia O'Keeffe. Georgia Totto O'Keeffe (November 15 1887—March 6 1986 was an American Artist She is associated with the American Southwest where she found artistic inspiration Colonies for artists and writers thrive, and the small city teems with art galleries. In August, the city hosts the annual Santa Fe Indian Market, which is the oldest and largest juried Native American art showcase in the world. Santa Fe Indian Market is an annual art market held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA over two days on the weekend after the third Thursday in August and draws

Performing arts include the renowned Santa Fe Opera which presents five operas in repertory each July to August, the Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival held each summer, and the restored Lensic Theater a principal venue for many kinds of performances. The Santa Fe Opera (SFO is an American Opera company located north of Santa Fe in the U The Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival is a six week long summer Festival of Chamber music held annually in July and August and located in Santa Fe, New Mexico The Lensic Theater located at 211 West San Francisco Street in Santa Fe New Mexico, is an 821 seat theater designed by Boller Brothers of Kansas City well known The weekend after Labor Day boasts the burning of Zozobra, a 50 ft (15 m) marionette, during Fiestas de Santa Fe. Zozobra ("Old Man Gloom" is the name of a giant Marionette Effigy which is built and burned Fiestas de Santa Fe is a Festival held every autumn in Santa Fe New Mexico, usually during the second week of September

Writer D. H. Lawrence lived near Taos in the 1920s at the D. H. Lawrence Ranch where there is a shrine said to contain his ashes. David Herbert Richards Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930 was an English writer of the 20th century whose prolific and diverse output included Novels short Taos (ˈtaʊs is a town in Taos County in the north-central region of New Mexico. The D H Lawrence Ranch, as it is now known was the home of the English novelist D

Tourism

New Mexico tourist attractions:

Sign marking the state border
Sign marking the state border

The state also has a number of casinos located on Native American Indian Reservations that attract thousands of visitors each year. Oldest buildings in America Acoma Pueblo (ˈækəmə Western Keresan: Aa'ku; Zuni: Hakukya) Haak'ooh in Navajo, also Laguna Pueblo or Pueblo of Laguna ( Western Keres: Kawaik) is a Native American tribe of the Pueblo people in west-central New Mexico USA El Malpais National Monument is off I-40 in western New Mexico, USA near Zuni Salt Lake, also Zuñi Salt Lake or Fence Lake ( Navajo: Áshįįh) is a rare high desert lake and a classic Maar. The Very Large Array ( VLA) is a Radio astronomy Observatory located on the Plains of San Augustin, between the towns of Magdalena The Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, in southern Socorro County New Mexico, is administered by the U Catron County is a County located in the US state of New Mexico. Alma is an unincorporated community in Catron County, New Mexico, United States, north of Glenwood and south of Reserve Glenwood ( is an unincorporated community in Catron County, New Mexico, United States. Reserve is a village in Catron County, New Mexico, United States. Mogollon, also called the Mogollon Historic District, is a former mining town located in the Mogollon Mountains in Catron County, New Mexico The Lightning Field ( 1977) is a Land Art work in Catron County New Mexico, by sculptor Walter De Maria. Whitewater Baldy is the highest point of the Mogollon Mountains in the southwestern part of the US state of New Mexico. A casino is in the modern sense of the word a facility that houses and accommodates certain types of Gambling activities

Notable New Mexicans

Main article: List of people from New Mexico

Many New Mexicans-those who were born, raised, or lived a significant period in New Mexico-have gained local, national, and international prominence. The list of people from New Mexico includes notable people who were either born/raised or have lived for a significant period of time in New Mexico. New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson was one of the candidates for the 2008 United States presidential election. William Blaine "Bill" Richardson III (born November 15, 1947) is the current Governor of New Mexico and was a candidate for the 2008 Notable businessmen include Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon. Jeffrey Preston Bezos (born January 12, 1964) is the founder president chief executive officer and chairman of the board of Amazon com, and Conrad Hilton, founder of the Hilton Hotels Corporation. Conrad Nicholson Hilton Sr ( December 25, 1887 – January 3, 1979) was an American Hotelier and founder of the Hilton Hotel New Mexicans have also studied outer space, notably NASA astronauts Sidney M. Gutierrez and Harrison Schmitt. Sidney McNeill "Sid" Gutierrez (Colonel USAF, Ret (b June 27 1951) is a former NASA astronaut Harrison Hagan "Jack" Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is an American Geologist, a former NASA Astronaut and a one-term Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh, a former New Mexico State University professor, discovered Pluto. Clyde William Tombaugh ( February 4, 1906 &ndash January 17, 1997) was an American Astronomer. Several New Mexicans have served roles in popular culture, including artist Georgia O'Keeffe, animator William Hanna, actor Neil Patrick Harris and actress Demi Moore, Pulitzer Prize winners Bill Mauldin and Ernie Pyle. Georgia Totto O'Keeffe (November 15 1887—March 6 1986 was an American Artist She is associated with the American Southwest where she found artistic inspiration William Denby "Bill" Hanna (July 14 1910 – March 22 2001 was an influential American Animator, director, producer, Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15 1973 is an American Golden Globe - and Emmy -nominated Actor. Demi Moore (born Demetria Gene Guynes on November 11 1962 is an American Actress. William Henry "Bill" Mauldin ( October 29, 1921 &ndash January 22, 2003) was a two-time Pulitzer Prize -winning Ernest Taylor Pyle ( August 3 1900 &ndash April 18 1945) was an American Journalist who wrote as a roving correspondent Notorious criminals include outlaws Billy the Kid and Clay Allison. Henry McCarty (November 23 1859—July 14 1881 better known as Billy the Kid, but also known by the aliases Henry Antrim and William H For the 1980s band see Opal. Clay Allison ( September 2, 1840 - July 3, 1887) was a Gunfighter Indie Rock band The Shins are from Albuquerque. The Shins is an American Indie rock group comprising singer, Songwriter and Guitarist James Russell Mercer, keyboardist Also fashion designer Tom Ford grew up in Sante Fe and presently has a home here. Thomas Ford (born August 27 1961 is an American Fashion designer.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Elevations and Distances in the United States. See also New Mexico The following is a list of topics about the U U. S Geological Survey (29 April 2005). Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on November 6, 2006.
  2. ^ Hispanics in New Mexico were 42 percent of the total state population, the highest proportion for any state
  3. ^ The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2000 (pdf). United States Census Bureau (2002). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
  4. ^ U. S. Census Bureau, Population and Population Centers by State: 2000
  5. ^ MLA Language Map Data Center: Most spoken languages in New Mexico
  6. ^ "Language Rights and New Mexico Statehood", The Excluded Student: Educational Practices Affecting Mexican Americans in the Southwest, Mexican American Education Study, Report III, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972, pp. 76-82
  7. ^ http://religions.pewforum.org/maps
  8. ^ U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis website
  9. ^ Anderson, Lee. " The History of American Indian Jewelry " - Anderson's Americana Indian & Western Shows
  10. ^ Virgin Galactic's website overview of what is to come
  11. ^ "Spaceports" from web blog with link to BBC video
  12. ^ Scott Allen, "Richard Branson - The Rebel Billionaire and the Ultimate Multipreneur" from about.com
  13. ^ Schneider, Wolf "Facilities fuel New Mexico production boom". The Hollywood Reporter. - September 18, 2007.
  14. ^ New Mexico Filmography. New Mexico Film Office. Retrieved on 2007-09-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul
  15. ^ Seimers, Erik "Special effects company to open Duke City branch". Albuquerque Tribune. - May 27, 2007.
  16. ^ Business Assistance: Incentives. State of New Mexico Economic Development Department. Retrieved on 2008-06-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks
  17. ^ Domrzalski, Dennis (2003-09-19), “28 New Mexico towns tap into $45M in incentives”, New Mexico Business Weekly, OCLC 30948175, <http://www.bizjournals.com/albuquerque/stories/2003/09/22/story2.html>. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose Retrieved on 2 June 2008 
  18. ^ Governor Signs Film Production Tax Incentives. New Mexico Economic Development Department (March 4, 2002). Retrieved on 2007-09-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the
  19. ^ New Mexico's Film Incentives. New Mexico Film Office. Retrieved on 2008-06-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks
  20. ^ Hay, Kiera (2007-12-10), State's Incentives Keep Film Industry Growing, Albuquerque Journal, OCLC 9392114, <http://www.abqjournal.com/AED/268427business12-10-07.htm>. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose Retrieved on 2 June 2008 
  21. ^ New Mexico Department of Labor statistics
  22. ^ NM Secretary of State's Office official web site
  23. ^ NM Attorney General's Office official web site
  24. ^ NM State Auditor's Office official web site
  25. ^ NM State Lands official web site
  26. ^ NM State Treasuer's Office official web site

Further reading

Llano Estacado caprock at Sunrise
Llano Estacado caprock at Sunrise

External links


Preceded by
Oklahoma		 List of U.S. states by date of statehood
Admitted on January 6, 1912 (47th)		 Succeeded by
Arizona

The University of New Mexico ( UNM) is a Public University in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of U Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States.

Dictionary

New Mexico

-proper noun

  1. A state of the United States of America. Capital: Santa Fe.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic