Citizendia

This article is about the U. S. state. For other uses, see New Jersey (disambiguation).
"NJ" redirects here. For other uses, see Nj.
State of New Jersey
Flag of New Jersey State seal of New Jersey
Flag of New Jersey Seal
Nickname(s): Garden State[1]
Motto(s): Liberty and prosperity
Map of the United States with New Jersey highlighted
Official language(s) English
Demonym New Jerseyan or New Jerseyite
Capital Trenton
Largest city Newark
Area  Ranked 47th in the US
 - Total 8,729 sq mi
(22,608 km²)
 - Width 70 miles (110 km)
 - Length 150 miles (240 km)
 - % water 14. The Flag of New Jersey includes the emblem from the Great Seal of the State of New Jersey on a buff -colored background The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey includes A shield with three plows emblazoned representative of New Jersey's agricultural tradition This is a list of US state nicknames, including officially adopted Nicknames and other traditional nicknames for individual states of the United States. Here is a list of state Mottos for the states of the United States of America. The United States does not have an Official language; however the majority of the population speaks English as a native language (about 82% English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Washington DC has been the capital of the United States since 1800 Trenton is the Capital of the US state of New Jersey and the County seat of Mercer County. This is a list of the largest cities of US states by population Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a complete list of the states of the United States and its major territories ordered by total area, land area, and water area The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand 9
 - Latitude 38° 56′ N to 41° 21′ N
 - Longitude 73° 54′ W to 75° 34′ W
Population  Ranked 11th in the US
 - Total 8,414,350 (8,724,560 as of 2006)
 - Density 1,134/sq mi 
438/km² (1st in the US)
 - Median income  $66,752 (1st)
Elevation  
 - Highest point High Point[2]
1,803 ft  (550 m)
 - Mean 246 ft  (75. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison as of July 1, 2007, according to the This article is a list of the 50 US States ordered by Population density. Household income is a measure of current private income commonly used by the United States government and private institutions Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> High Point is located in the northwestern part of New Jersey in Montague Sussex County in the Skylands Region of New Jersey is the highest 2 m)
 - Lowest point Atlantic Ocean[2]
0 ft  (0 m)
Admission to Union  December 18, 1787 (3rd)
Governor Jon Corzine
Lieutenant Governor None[3]
U.S. Senators Frank Lautenberg (D)
Bob Menendez (D)
Congressional Delegation List
Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Abbreviations NJ N.J. US-NJ
Website www.state.nj.us

New Jersey (pronounced /nuːˈdʒɝzi/) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of U Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1787 ( MDCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1 1947 is the Governor of New Jersey and a former United States Senator This is a complete and current List of United States Lieutenant Governors. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Frank Raleigh Lautenberg (born January 23 1924 is an American businessman and Democratic Party Politician. Robert "Bob" Menendez (born January 1, 1954) is the junior Democratic Senator from New Jersey. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses These are tables of congressional delegations from New Jersey to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. This is a list of United States of America States by time zone The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America Daylight saving time ( DST The traditional abbreviations for US states and territories were widely used in mailing addresses prior to the introduction of two-letter U ISO 3166-2US is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to the United States of America. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The Mid-Atlantic States (also called Middle Atlantic States or simply Mid Atlantic) form one of the nine geographic divisions within the United States that The Northeast is a region of the United States. As defined by the U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Parts of New Jersey lie within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York and Philadelphia. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The New York metropolitan area, often referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the most populous Metropolitan area in the United States and is also one The Delaware Valley is a term used widely to refer to the metropolitan area centered on the city of Philadelphia in the United States.

Inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, the first European settlements in the area were established by the Swedes and Dutch in the early 1600s. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands [4] The State's name was taken from the largest of the English Channel Islands, Jersey. The Bailiwick of Jersey ( Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. The English later seized control of the region, which was granted to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton as the colony of New Jersey. John Berkeley 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton (1602 &ndash August 28, 1678) was the fifth and youngest son of Sir Maurice Berkeley New Jersey was an important site during the American Revolutionary War; several decisive battles were fought there. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The winter quarters of the revolutionary army were established twice by George Washington in Morristown, which was called the military capital of revolution. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the This article is about the Town of Morristown in New Jersey Other places in New Jersey with similar names are Morris Township, Morris Plains, and Moorestown Later, working-class cities such as Paterson and Trenton helped to drive the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth century. Trenton is the Capital of the US state of New Jersey and the County seat of Mercer County. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the New Jersey's position at the center of the BosWash megalopolis, between Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, D.C., fueled its rapid growth through the suburban boom of the 1950s and beyond. Northeastern_United_States#The_Northeast_as_a_megalopolis BosWash (also referred to as BoWash, BosNYwash, the Northeast Corridor, the A megalopolis (or megapolis) is defined as an extensive Metropolitan area or a long chain of roughly continuous metropolitan areas The City of New York Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California.

Contents

Geography

Main article: Geography of New Jersey
See also: List of New Jersey counties

New Jersey is bordered on the north and northeast by New York; on the east by the Atlantic Ocean; on the south and southwest by Delaware across Delaware Bay; and on the west by Pennsylvania across the Delaware River. New Jersey is a state within the United States of America that lies on the eastern edge of the North American continent The US state of New Jersey has 21 counties New Jersey was governed by two separate groups of proprietors as two distinct provinces East Jersey New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Delaware Bay is a large Estuary outlet of the Delaware River on the Northeast seaboard of the United States whose fresh water mixes for many miles The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States.

Metropolitan statistical areas and divisions of New Jersey; counties shaded in blue hues are in the New York City metro; counties shaded in green hues are in the Philadelphia metro. It should be noted that Mercer County and Warren County are located in the 'Greater' New York Metropolitan Area and that Atlantic, Cape May and Cumberland Counties are in the 'Greater' Philadelphia Metropolitan Area
Metropolitan statistical areas and divisions of New Jersey; counties shaded in blue hues are in the New York City metro; counties shaded in green hues are in the Philadelphia metro. New Jersey has seven Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs defined by the federal Office of Management and Budget. The City of New York Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə It should be noted that Mercer County and Warren County are located in the 'Greater' New York Metropolitan Area and that Atlantic, Cape May and Cumberland Counties are in the 'Greater' Philadelphia Metropolitan Area

New Jersey can be thought of as five regions, based on natural geography and population. Mercer County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Warren County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Northeastern New Jersey, the Gateway Region, lies within the New York metropolitan area, and some residents commute to the city to work. The Gateway Region is a marketing area of the State of New Jersey located in the Northern and Central part of the state The New York metropolitan area, often referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the most populous Metropolitan area in the United States and is also one Northwestern New Jersey, or the "Skylands", is, compared to the northeast, more wooded, rural, and mountainous, but still a popular place to live. The "Shore" along the Atlantic Coast in the southeast has its own residence and lifestyle characteristics owing to the ocean. The southwest is within Metropolitan Philadelphia, and is included in the Delaware Valley. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Delaware Valley is a term used widely to refer to the metropolitan area centered on the city of Philadelphia in the United States. The fifth region is the Pine Barrens in the interior of the southern part and is covered rather extensively by mixed pine and oak forest, and as such has a much lower population density than much of the rest of the state. The Pine Barrens, also known as the Pinelands, is a heavily forested area covering 1

New Jersey can also be broadly divided into three geographic regions: North Jersey, Central Jersey, and South Jersey. North Jersey is a name for the northern part of the US State of New Jersey, which is sandwiched between two important cities New York City (which North Central Jersey is an unofficial designation for the central region of the State of New Jersey in the United States of America. This is about a region in the United States For the island of Jersey see Jersey. Some people do not consider Central Jersey a region in its own right, but many believe it is a separate geographic and cultural area from the North and South.

The federal Office of Management and Budget divides New Jersey's counties into seven Metropolitan Statistical Areas, including sixteen counties in the New York City or Philadelphia metro areas. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB is a Cabinet -level office and is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced Four counties have independent metro areas, and Warren County joins another Pennsylvania-based metro area. (See Metropolitan Statistical Areas of New Jersey for details. New Jersey has seven Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs defined by the federal Office of Management and Budget. )

It is also at the center of the Boston to Washington megalopolis. Northeastern_United_States#The_Northeast_as_a_megalopolis BosWash (also referred to as BoWash, BosNYwash, the Northeast Corridor, the

Additionally, the New Jersey Commerce, Economic Growth, & Tourism Commission divides the state into six distinct regions to facilitate the state's tourism industry. The regions are:

High Point, in Montague Township, Sussex County, is the highest elevation, at 1,803 feet (550 m). High Point is the name of several places in the United States High Point North Carolina High Point University, located there Montague Township is a Township in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. The County of Sussex (also known as Sussex County) is the northernmost county in the State of New Jersey. The Palisades are a line of steep cliffs on the lower west side of the Hudson River. The Palisades, also called the New Jersey Palisades or the Hudson Palisades (some portions are also referred to as Bergen Hill) are a line of steep The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami

Major rivers include the Hudson, Delaware, Raritan, Passaic, Hackensack, Rahway, Musconetcong, Mullica, Rancocas, Manasquan, Maurice, and Toms rivers. This is a list of Streams and Rivers in the US state of New Jersey. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. The Raritan River is a major river of central New Jersey in the United States. The Passaic River is a Tributary of Newark Bay, approximately 80 mi (129 km long in northern New Jersey in the United States. The Hackensack River is a river approximately 45 mi (72 km long in the U The Rahway River is a river approximately 24 mi (48 km long in northeastern New Jersey in the United States. The Musconetcong River is a Tributary of the Delaware River, approximately 44 mi (71 km long in northwestern New Jersey in the United The Mullica River is a river approximately 55 miles (90 km long in southern New Jersey in the United States. Rancocas Creek is a Tributary of the Delaware River, approximately 30 mi (48 km long in southwestern New Jersey in United States The Manasquan River is a major waterway in central New Jersey. The Maurice River is a Tributary of the Delaware River in southwestern New Jersey in the United States. The Toms River, formerly Tom's River in central New Jersey in the United States, is an estuary approximately 19 mi (31 km long located in the

Sandy Hook, along the eastern coast, is a popular recreational beach. Sandy Hook is a barrier peninsula, approximately 97 kilometers (between 6 and 7 miles in length and 800 meters (0 It is a barrier spit and an extension of the Barnegat Peninsula along the state's Atlantic Ocean coast. A spit is a deposition Landform found off Coasts. At one end spits connect to land while at the far end they exist in open water The Barnegat Peninsula, also known as the Island Beach Peninsula, is a long narrow barrier peninsula located in Ocean County, New Jersey, that divides

Areas managed by the National Park Service include:

Prominent geographic features include:

Climate

Most of New Jersey has a humid subtropical climate except in northwestern regions of the state that have a humid continental climate with colder winters. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply The A Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, administered by the National Park Service, preserves almost 70000 acres (283 km² of land along the Delaware River Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, administered by the National Park Service, preserves almost 70000 acres (283 km² of land along the Delaware River The Edison National Historic Site preserves Thomas Edison 's laboratory and residence Glenmont, in West Orange New Jersey. West Orange is a township in central Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Ellis Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor Gateway National Recreation Area is a 26607 acre (10767 km² National Recreation Area in the New York City metropolitan area. The Great Egg Harbor River (known locally as the Great Egg) is a river approximately 50 mi (80 km long in southern New Jersey in the United Morristown National Historical Park consists of three sites the Ford Mansion Fort Nonsense and Jockey Hollow that were important during the American Revolutionary This article is about the Town of Morristown in New Jersey Other places in New Jersey with similar names are Morris Township, Morris Plains, and Moorestown The New Jersey Coastal Heritage Trail Route extends along New Jersey 's Atlantic Ocean shore for nearly 300 miles from Perth Amboy to Cape May New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve (also known as Pinelands National Reserve) preserves the New Jersey Pine Barrens. The Delaware Water Gap is on the border of New Jersey and Pennsylvania where the Delaware River traverses a large ridge of the Appalachian The Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge is located in New Jersey primarily in Morris County, but extending into Somerset County as well The New York - New Jersey Highlands is a Geological formation composed primarily of Precambrian Igneous and Metamorphic rock running from the New Jersey Meadowlands, also known as the Hackensack Meadowlands after the primary river flowing through it is a general name for the large Ecosystem of Wetlands The Pine Barrens, also known as the Pinelands, is a heavily forested area covering 1 South Mountain Reservation covers 204714 acres (8 km² in central Essex County, New Jersey, in portions of Maplewood, and Millburn and Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between

The summers are very warm to hot and humid with an average summer high of 78-86°F (26-30°C) and lows 60-70°F (15-21°C). Temperatures exceeding 90°F (32°C) occur on average 18-25 days each summer, but temperatures below 0°F (-18°C) or above 100°F (38°C) are uncommon. The winters in New Jersey are chilly, or even cold, while the spring and fall are erratic and could vary from cool to warm but are often mild with low humidity.

The yearly precipitation around the state is about 44 inches (1100 mm) with 6-9 precipitation days each month and about 14 to 30 inches (38 - 78 cm) of snow per winter season. Northern New Jersey gets more snow than the south. Snowfall could occur from mid-November to March.

Average high and low temperatures in various cities of New Jersey °C (°F)
City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Sussex 1/-10(33/14) 3/-9(38/16) 8/-4(46/25) 15/2(59/36) 21/7(70/45) 26/12(78/54) 28/15(83/59) 28/14(82/57) 23/9(73/48) 17/3(63/38) 11/-1(52/30) 4/-6(39/21)
Newark 3/-4(38/25) 5/-3(41/27) 10/1(50/34) 16/7(61/45) 22/12(72/54) 27/18(81/64) 29/21(84/70) 28/20(82/68) 24/16(75/61) 18/9(64/48) 12/4(54/39) 6/-1(43/30)
Atlantic City 5/-2(42/28) 6/-1(44/30) 9/3(48/38) 14/7(57/45) 19/13(66/56) 24/18(75/64) 27/21(80/70) 27/21(80/70) 23/18(73/64) 18/12(64/54) 13/6(55/44) 8/1(46/34)
Cape May 6/-3(43/27) 6/-2(43/28) 11/2(52/36) 16/6(61/43) 21/12(70/54) 26/17(79/63) 29/19(84/66) 28/19(82/66) 25/16(77/61) 19/9(66/48) 13/4(55/39) 8/-1(46/30)
Weather. Sussex is a Borough in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. Cape May, is a city at the southern tip of Cape May Peninsula in Cape May County, New Jersey, where the Delaware Bay meets the com[2]

History

Main article: History of New Jersey

Around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The written history of New Jersey began with the exploration of the Jersey Coast by Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 though the region had been settled for millennia The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about Ma (million years ago to  Ma that is from the end of the Triassic to the beginning North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains. The Appalachian Mountains ( often called the Appalachians, are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. Around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as many rivers, swamps, and gorges. Glacial Lake Passaic was a prehistoric Proglacial lake that existed in northern New Jersey in the United States at the end of the last Ice age [5]

New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time Europeans arrived. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The shannon (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans were in the 17th century organized bands of Native American peoples with shared cultural and linguistic The Lenape were loosely organized groups that practiced small-scale agriculture (mainly based on corn) in order to increase their largely mobile hunter-gatherer society in the region surrounding the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami Long Island Sound is an Estuary of the Atlantic Ocean and various Rivers in the United States that lies between the coast of Connecticut The Lenape society was divided into matrilinear clans that were based upon common female ancestors. Matrilineality is a system in which lineage is traced through the mother and maternal ancestors These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign: Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf. A phratry ( Greek: φ(ρατρία English translation: "brotherhood" "kinfolk" derived from φρατήρ meaning "brother" Turtles are Reptiles of the Order Testudines (all living turtles belong to the Crown group Chelonia) most of A turkey is either of two extant Species of large Birds in the Genus Meleagris native to North America. The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora They first encountered the Dutch in the early 1600s, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur.

Colonial era

Main article: Colonial history of New Jersey

Since the state's inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic and religious diversity. See also History of New Jersey The colonial history of New Jersey began in 1609 with the discovery of Cape May by Sir Henry Hudson. New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scottish Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants from New York. Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity Dutch Reformed Church (in Dutch: Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk or NHK was one of many branches of churches coming out of the Protestant Reformation in Europe While the majority of residents lived in towns with individual landholdings of 100 acres (0. 4 km²), a few rich proprietors owned vast estates. English Quakers and Anglicans owned large landholdings. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs New Jersey remained agrarian and rural throughout the colonial era, and commercial farming only developed sporadically. Some townships, though, like Burlington and Perth Amboy, emerged as important ports for shipping to New York and Philadelphia. The colony's fertile lands and tolerant religious policy drew more settlers, and New Jersey boasted a population of 120,000 by 1775.

Much of New Jersey was claimed by the Dutch. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern New York (New Amsterdam) and New Jersey. New Netherland (Dutch Nieuw-Nederland, Latin Novum Belgium or Nova Belgica) 1614–1674 is the name of the former Dutch territory on the eastern coast New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Although the European principle of land ownership was not recognized by the Lenape, Dutch policy required formal purchase of all land settled upon, and the first such purchase was of Manhattan, by Peter Minuit. The shannon (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans were in the 17th century organized bands of Native American peoples with shared cultural and linguistic Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Peter Minuit (1589 &ndash August 5, 1638) was a Walloon from Wesel, today North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, then part of

The entire region became a territory of England in 1664, when an English fleet under the command of Colonel Richard Nicolls sailed into what is today New York Harbor and took over the colony, against extremely low resistance. The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally Richard Nicolls (born 1624 in Ampthill, Bedfordshire; died May 28, 1672 on the North Sea, off Suffolk) was the first British New York Harbor, a geographic term refers collectively to the rivers bays and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City

During the English Civil War the Channel Isle of Jersey remained loyal to the Crown and gave sanctuary to the King. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The Channel Islands ( Norman: Îles d'la Manche, French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are a group of Islands The Bailiwick of Jersey ( Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. It was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was first proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York (later King James II) the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony (as opposed to a royal colony). Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River (the land that would become New Jersey) to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. John Berkeley 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton (1602 &ndash August 28, 1678) was the fifth and youngest son of Sir Maurice Berkeley

Settlement for the first 10 years of English rule was in the Hudson River region and came primarily from New England. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami On March 18, 1673, Berkeley sold his half of the colony to Quakers in England (with William Penn acting as trustee for a time), who settled the Delaware Valley region as a Quaker colony. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor William Penn ( October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, New Jersey was governed very briefly as two distinct provinces, East and West Jersey, for 28 years between 1674 and 1702. In 1702, the two provinces were reunited under a royal, rather than a proprietary, governor. Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. Edward Hyde may refer to Edward Hyde 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674 English historian and statesman Edward Hyde 3rd Earl of Clarendon Lord Cornbury was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land, so in 1708 he was recalled to England. New Jersey was then ruled by the governors of New York, but this infuriated the settlers of New Jersey, who accused those governors of favoritism to New York. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Judge Lewis Morris led the case for a separate governor, and was appointed governor by King George II in 1738. Lewis Morris ( October 15, 1671 - May 21, 1746) chief justice of New York and British governor of New Jersey George II (George Augustus 10 November 1683 &ndash 25 October 1760 was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( [6]

Revolutionary War era

Main article: New Jersey during the American Revolution
Rutgers University, originally chartered as Queen's College in 1766, possesses a variety of architectural styles.
Rutgers University, originally chartered as Queen's College in 1766, possesses a variety of architectural styles. See also History of New Jersey As the location of many major battles New Jersey was pivotal in the American Revolution and the ultimate victory Rutgers The State University of New Jersey (also known as Rutgers University) is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey

New Jersey was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The New Jersey Constitution of 1776 was passed July 2, 1776, just two days before the Second Continental Congress declared American Independence from Britain. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning in May 10 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 It was an act of the Provincial Congress, which made itself into the state Legislature. To reassure neutrals, it provided that it would become void if New Jersey reached reconciliation with Great Britain. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands

New Jersey representatives Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, and Abraham Clark were among the men who signed the United States Declaration of Independence. Richard Stockton may refer to Richard Stockton (c1630-1707, grandfather of Richard Stockton (1730-1781 Richard Stockton (1730-1781 John Witherspoon ( February 15, 1723 &ndash November 15, 1794) was a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence Francis Hopkinson (September 21 1737 May 9 1791 an American author was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence as a delegate from New John Hart (c 1713 &ndash May 11 1779 was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress and a signer of the United States Declaration Abraham Clark (February 15 1725 &ndash September 15 1794 was an American politician and Revolutionary War figure The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4 1776 announcing that the thirteen American colonies then

During the American Revolutionary War, British and American armies crossed New Jersey numerous times and several pivotal battles took place in the state. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Because of this, New Jersey today is often referred to as "The Crossroads of the Revolution. "

On December 25, 1776, the Continental Army under George Washington crossed the Delaware River and engaged the unprepared Hessian troops in the Battle of Trenton. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. Background In the time before the battle American morale was low Slightly more than a week after victory at Trenton, on January 3, 1777, the American forces gained an important victory by stopping Cornwallis's charges at the Second Battle of Trenton. Trenton is the Capital of the US state of New Jersey and the County seat of Mercer County. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Charles Cornwallis 1st Marquess Cornwallis ( 31 December 1738 &ndash 5 October 1805) was a British military commander and colonial The Battle On December 30 he crossed the Delaware River back into New Jersey and over the next few days massed his troops on higher ground south of Trenton By evading Cornwallis's army, Washington made a surprise attack on Princeton, and successfully defeated the British forces there. See also Princeton Township New Jersey, Borough of Princeton New Jersey Princeton Borough New Jersey Princeton Township New Jersey this

Later, American forces under Washington met the forces under General Henry Clinton at the Battle of Monmouth in an indecisive engagement. Prelude In May of 1778 The British commander General Clinton in Philadelphia faced with a war with France decided it was prudent to protect New York City and Florida Washington attempted to take the British column by surprise; when the British army attempted to flank the Americans, the Americans retreated in disorder. The ranks were later reorganized and withstood the British charges.

In the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall at Princeton University, making Princeton the nation's capital for four months. The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the Nassau Hall (or Old Nassau) is the oldest building at Princeton University in the Borough of Princeton, New Jersey ( USA) Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. See also Princeton Township New Jersey, Borough of Princeton New Jersey Princeton Borough New Jersey Princeton Township New Jersey this It was there that the Continental Congress learned of the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1783), which ended the war. The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, and approved by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784, formally

New Jersey was the third state to ratify the United States Constitution, which was overwhelmingly popular in New Jersey, as it prevented New York and Pennsylvania from charging and keeping tariffs on goods imported from Europe. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. In November 20, 1789, the state became the first in the newly-formed Union to ratify the Bill of Rights. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In the United States the Bill of Rights is the name by which the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known

The 1776 New Jersey State Constitution gave the vote to "all inhabitants" who had a certain level of wealth. The Constitution of the State of New Jersey is the basic governing document of the State of New Jersey. This included both women and blacks; although not married women, who could not own property. Both sides, in several elections, claimed that the other side had had unqualified women vote, and mocked them for use of "petticoat electors" (entitled to vote or not); on the other hand, both parties passed Voting Rights Acts. In 1807, the legislature passed a bill interpreting the constitution to mean universal white male suffrage, excluding paupers. (This was less revolutionary than it sounds: the "constitution" was itself only an act of the legislature. )[7]

Nineteenth century

Main article: New Jersey in the Nineteenth Century

On February 15, 1804, New Jersey became the last northern state to abolish new slavery and enacted legislation that slowly phased out existing slavery. See also History of New Jersey New Jersey in the Nineteenth Century led the United States into the Industrial Revolution. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another This lead to a gradual scale-down of the slave population, but by the close of the Civil War about a dozen African-Americans in New Jersey were still apprenticed freedmen. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South A freedman is a former slave who has been manumitted or emancipated. New Jersey initially refused to ratify the Constitutional Amendments banning slavery and granting rights to America's Black population.

In 1844, the second state constitution was ratified and brought into effect. The Constitution of the State of New Jersey is the basic governing document of the State of New Jersey. Counties thereby became districts for the State Senate, and some realignment of boundaries (including the creation of Mercer County) immediately followed. Mercer County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. This provision was retained in the 1947 Constitution, but was overturned by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1962 by the decision Baker v. Carr. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Baker v Carr, 369 US 186 (1962 was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that retreated from the Court's Political question While the Governorship was stronger than under the 1776 constitution, the constitution of 1844 created many offices that were not responsible to him, or to the people, and it gave him a three-year term, but he could not succeed himself.

Unlike the Revolutionary War, no Civil War battles took place within the state. However, throughout the course of the Civil War, over 80,000 enlisted in the Northern army to defeat the Southern Confederacy. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861

New Jersey was one of the few states to reject President Abraham Lincoln twice in national elections, and sided with Stephen Douglas and George B. McClellan during their campaigns. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Stephen Arnold Douglas ( April 23, 1813 - June 3, 1861) was an American politician from the western state of Illinois, and George Brinton McClellan ( December 3 1826 October 29 1885) was a major general during the American Civil War. McClellan later became governor. During the war, the state was led first by Republican Governor Charles Smith Olden, then by Democrat Joel Parker. Charles Smith Olden ( February 19, 1799 April 7, 1876) was an American Republican Party Politician, who served Joel Parker ( November 24, 1816 January 2, 1888) was an American Democratic Party Politician, who served as the

In the Industrial Revolution, cities like Paterson grew and prospered. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Previously, the economy had been largely agrarian, which was problematically subject to crop failures and poor soil. This caused a shift to a more industrialized economy, one based on manufactured commodities such as textiles and silk. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons Inventor Thomas Edison also became an important figure of the Industrial Revolution, having been granted 1,093 patents, many of which for inventions he developed while working in New Jersey. This is a list of Inventors. See also List of scientists, Timeline of invention, List of inventions named after people, List Transportation was greatly improved as locomotion and steamboats were introduced to New Jersey. A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller

Iron mining was also a prevalent industry during the middle to late 1800s. Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Mines such as Mt. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Hope, Mine Hill and the Rockaway Valley Mines created a thriving industry, which spawned new towns and was one of the driving forces behind the need for the Morris Canal. The Morris Canal was an Anthracite -carrying Canal that incorporated a series of water-driven inclined planes in its course across northern

Twentieth century

Main article: New Jersey in the Twentieth Century
The Statue Of Liberty and Jersey City.
The Statue Of Liberty and Jersey City. See also History of New Jersey New Jersey in the twentieth century under went many changes Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde commonly known as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Liberté was presented Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.

Through both World Wars, New Jersey was a center for war production, especially in naval construction. Battleships, cruisers, and destroyers were all made in this state. In addition, Fort Dix (1917) (originally called "Camp Dix"),[8] Camp Merritt(1917)[9] and Camp Kilmer(1941),[10] were all constructed to help American soldiers through both World Wars. Fort Dix is a United States Army installation located in parts of New Hanover Township, Pemberton Camp Merritt was a Military base in Cresskill, in Bergen County, New Jersey, that was activated for use in World War I. Camp Kilmer, New Jersey was activated in June 1942 as a staging area and part of an installation of the New York Port of Embarkation New Jersey also became a principal location for defense in the Cold War. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the Fourteen Nike Missile stations were constructed, especially for the defense of New York City and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Project Nike was a US Army project proposed in May 1945 by Bell Labs, to develop a line-of-sight anti-aircraft missile system The City of New York Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə PT-109, commanded by Lt. Specifications PT-109 belonged to the PT 103 class hundreds of which were completed between 1942 and 1945 by Elco. (jg) John F. Kennedy, was built at the Elco Boatworks in Bayonne, and the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6) was briefly docked at the Military Ocean Terminal in Bayonne in the 1950s before she was sent to Japan to be scrapped. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Initial operations Enterprise was launched on 3 October 1936 at Newport News Shipbuilding, sponsored by Lulie Swanson wife of Secretary of the In 1962, the world's first nuclear powered cargo ship, the NS Savannah was launched at Camden. Creation In 1955 President of the United States Dwight Eisenhower proposed building a nuclear-powered merchant ship as a showcase for his " Atoms for

New Jersey became a prosperous state through the Roaring Twenties but fell from prosperity under the Great Depression. Roaring Twenties is a phrase used to describe the 1920s principally in North America, that emphasizes the period's social artistic and cultural dynamism Begging licenses were even offered to the unemployed by the state government in order to provide money for those who could not be helped by the exhausted state funds. [11] During this time period, the zeppelin Hindenburg infamously went up in flames over Lakehurst, and the SS Morro Castle beached itself on the Jersey Shore after going up in flames while at sea. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Lakehurst is a Borough in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. Construction of the SS Morro Castle In the spring of 1928 the U

In the 1960s, several race riots sprang up in New Jersey, the first of which occurred in Jersey City on August 2, 1964. Race Riot is a 1929 animated Short subject, featuring Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Several other riots ensued in 1967, in the cities of Newark and Plainfield. The 1967 Newark Riots were a major Civil disturbance that occurred in the city of Newark New Jersey between July 12 and July 17 1967 The Plainfield Riots were a series of racially-charged violent disturbances that occurred in Plainfield New Jersey during the summer of 1967 which mirrored the ( 1967 Newark Camden also dealt with race riots in 1971. The City of Camden is the County seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States.

Throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first, New Jersey was afflicted by nor'easters that caused blizzards and flooding. A nor'easter (also northeaster; see below is a macro-scale Storm along the East Coast of the United States and Atlantic Canada. Those are rather common storms in New Jersey and elsewhere on the east coast of the US, although hurricanes and tropical storms occasionally come to visit, such as Hurricane Floyd in 1999. A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding Hurricane Floyd was the sixth named storm fourth Hurricane, and third major hurricane in the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season.

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop.  %±
1790 184,139
—
1800 211,149 14. 7%
1810 245,562 16. 3%
1820 277,575 13. 0%
1830 320,823 15. 6%
1840 373,306 16. 4%
1850 489,555 31. 1%
1860 672,035 37. 3%
1870 906,096 34. 8%
1880 1,131,116 24. 8%
1890 1,444,933 27. 7%
1900 1,883,669 30. 4%
1910 2,537,167 34. 7%
1920 3,155,900 24. 4%
1930 4,041,334 28. 1%
1940 4,160,165 2. 9%
1950 4,835,329 16. 2%
1960 6,066,782 25. 5%
1970 7,168,164 18. 2%
1980 7,364,823 2. 7%
1990 7,730,188 5. 0%
2000 8,414,350 8. 9%
Est. 2006 8,724,560 3. 7%

State population

Residents of New Jersey are most commonly referred to as "New Jerseyans" or "New Jerseyites. " The United States Census Bureau, as of July 1, 2006, estimated New Jersey's population at 8,724,560,[12] which represents an increase of 310,213, or 3. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 7%, since the last census in 2000. [13] This includes a natural increase since the last census of 254,766 people (that is 705,812 births minus 451,046 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 79,211 people into the state. [13] Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 357,111 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 277,900 people. American immigration ( emigration to the United States of America) refers to the movement of non-residents to the United States. [13] There are 1. 6 million foreign-born living in the state (accounting for 19. 2% of the population). [14]

As of 2006, New Jersey is the eleventh-most populous state, but the most densely populated, at 1,174 residents per square mile (453 per km²), although the density varies widely across the state. It is also the second wealthiest state in the United States according to the United States Census Bureau. [15]

The center of population for New Jersey is located in Middlesex County, in the town of Milltown, just east of the New Jersey Turnpike (see map of location). In Demographics, the center of population of a region is the geographical point nearest to all the inhabitants of that region on average Middlesex County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Milltown is a Borough in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The New Jersey Turnpike (or simply The Turnpike as it is known to New Jersey residents is a Toll road in New Jersey and is one of the most heavily traveled [16]

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Demographics of New Jersey (csv)
By race White Black AIAN* Asian NHPI*
2000 (total population) 79. 16% 14. 98% 0. 61% 6. 28% 0. 13%
2000 (Hispanic only) 11. 87% 1. 29% 0. 20% 0. 10% 0. 05%
2005 (total population) 77. 68% 15. 19% 0. 66% 7. 70% 0. 15%
2005 (Hispanic only) 13. 66% 1. 45% 0. 22% 0. 12% 0. 06%
Growth 2000–05 (total population) 1. 68% 5. 01% 11. 60% 27. 06% 18. 52%
Growth 2000–05 (non-Hispanic only) -1. 41% 3. 89% 8. 86% 27. 17% 17. 30%
Growth 2000–05 (Hispanic only) 19. 21% 16. 92% 17. 36% 20. 28% 20. 68%
* AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native; NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

New Jersey is one of the most religiously and ethnically diverse states in the country. The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified It has the second largest Jewish population by percentage after New York;[17] the second largest Muslim population by percent (after Michigan); the third highest Asian population by percent, the third highest Italian-American population by percent of any state according to the 2000 Census; and a large percentage of the population is Black, White American, Hispanic American, Arab American, and Asian American. American Jews, or Jewish Americans New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The history of Islam in the United States starts in the early 16th century, with Estevánico of Azamor being the first Muslim to enter the historical record Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Asian or Asiatic is a Demonym for people from Asia. However the use of the term varies by country and person often referring to people from a particular An Italian American is an American of Italian descent and/or dual citizenship African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America An Arab American is a United States citizen or resident of Arab cultural and linguistic heritage and/or Identity whose ancestry traces back to any of various Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian It has the second highest Indian American population of any state by absolute numbers. Indian Americans are Americans who are of Indian ancestry The U [18][19][20][21]

The five largest ancestry groups are: Italian (17. An Italian American is an American of Italian descent and/or dual citizenship 9%), Irish (15. Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland. 9%), African (13. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa 6%), German (12. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry 6%), Polish (6. A Polish American is an American citizen of Polish descent There are an estimated 10 million Americans of Polish descent 9%).

Newark and Camden are two of the poorest cities in America, but New Jersey as a whole has the second highest median household income among the states. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. The City of Camden is the County seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. [22] This is largely because so much of New Jersey consists of suburbs, most of them affluent, of New York City and Philadelphia. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə New Jersey is also the most densely populated state in the nation, and the only state that has had every one of its counties deemed "urban" as defined by the Census Bureau's Combined Statistical Area. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Table of United States Combined Statistical AreasThe United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB defines micropolitan and metropolitan statistical areas. [23]

The state has very sizable enclaves of different language speaking communities. Some of these include (by ranking)

New Jersey population distribution
New Jersey population distribution

The dominant race, ethnicity, or ancestry by county, according to the 2000 Census, is the following:

6. 7% of its population was reported as under age 5, 24. 8% under 18, and 13. 2% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 51. 5% of the population.

According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 12. 31% of the population aged 5 and over speak Spanish at home, while 1. 48% speak Italian. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. [25]

Religion

Distributions of religions in New Jersey (2001)[26]
Religious group %
Catholic 37
None 15
Baptist 8
Methodist 6
Refused to identify 5
Christian
(no denomination stated)		 4
Jewish
(by religion only)		 4
Other 4
Presbyterian 4
Lutheran 3
Episcopalian/Anglican 2
Protestant 2
Jehovah's Witness 1
Mormon/LDS 1
Muslim/Islamic 1
Non-denominational 1
Pentecostal 1
Assemblies of God *
Buddhist *
Church of Christ *
Church of God *
Congregational/UCC *
Evangelical *
Seventh Day Adventist *

 *Less than 0. 5%

Economy

The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that New Jersey's total state product in 2006 was $434 billion. The Bureau of Economic Analysis ( BEA) is an agency in the United States Department of Commerce that provides important economic statistics including the [27] Its per capita personal income in 2004 was $41,636, 2nd in the U. S. and 126% of the national average of $33,041. [28] Its median household income is the highest in the nation with $55,146. It is ranked 2nd in the nation by the number of places with per capita incomes above national average with 76. 4%. Nine of New Jersey's counties are in the wealthiest 100 of the country. New Jersey faces a deficit that could be as large as 3 billion for the fiscal year that starts July 1, 2008. A budget deficit occurs when an Entity (often a Government) spends more Money than it takes in [29]

New Jersey has seven tax brackets for determining income tax rates. The rates range from 1. 4 to 8. 97%. The standard sales tax rate is 7%, applicable to all retail sales unless specifically exempt by law. A sales tax is a Consumption tax charged at the Point of purchase for certain goods and services Exemptions include most food items for at-home preparation, medicines, clothing (except fur items), footwear, and disposable paper products for use in the home. Approximately 30 New Jersey municipalities are designated as Urban Enterprise Zones and shoppers are charged a 3½% tax rate, half of the rate charged outside the UEZs. Urban Enterprise Zones ( UEZ s also known as Enterprise Zones encourage development in blighted neighborhoods by offering entrepreneurs and investors tax and regulatory Sections of Elizabeth and Jersey City are examples of communities that are subject to the lower sales tax rate. Elizabeth is a city in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. All real property located in the state is subject to property tax unless specifically exempted by statute. In the Common law, real property (or realty) refers to one of the two main classes of Property, the other class being Personal property ( Property tax, or millage tax, is an Ad valorem tax that an owner pays on the value of the property being taxed New Jersey does not assess an intangible personal property tax, but it does impose an inheritance tax. Estate tax and Death duty redirect here Inheritance tax, estate tax and death duty are the names given to various taxes which

Industry

Cranberry harvest
Cranberry harvest

New Jersey's economy is centered on the pharmaceutical industry, chemical development, telecommunications, food processing, electric equipment, printing and publishing, and tourism. New Jersey's agricultural outputs are nursery stock, horses, vegetables, fruits and nuts, seafood, and dairy products.

New Jersey has a strong scientific economy. New Jersey is home to major pharmaceutical firms such as Johnson and Johnson, Sanofi-Aventis, Novartis, Pfizer, Merck, Wyeth, Hoffman-LaRoche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Schering-Plough. Johnson & Johnson ( is a global American Pharmaceutical, Medical devices and consumer packaged goods Manufacturer founded in 1886 Sanofi-Aventis () headquartered in Paris, France, is a multinational pharmaceutical company Novartis International AG is a multinational Pharmaceutical company based in Basel Switzerland that manufactures drugs such as Clozapine Pfizer Incorporated ( is a major Pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales Merck & Co Inc ( also known as Merck Sharp & Dohme or MSD outside the USA and Canada, is one of the largest Pharmaceutical companies Wyeth, formerly known as American Home Products (AHP is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world F Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd is a Swiss global health-care company which operates world-wide under two divisions Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics. Bristol-Myers Squibb ( colloquially referred to as BMS, is a Pharmaceutical Corporation, formed by a 1989 merger between pharmaceutical companies Schering-Plough Corporation ( is a Pharmaceutical company founded in 1851 by Ernst Schering as Schering AG in Germany. New Jersey is home to major telecommunications firms such as Verizon Wireless, Avaya, Alcatel-Lucent and AT&T Communications. Cellco Partnership, Doing business as Verizon Wireless, owns and operates the second largest Wireless Telecommunications network in the Avaya Inc is a privately held Telecommunications company which specializes in enterprise Telephony and Call center technology Alcatel-Lucent is one of the world's biggest industry players in Telecommunications that provides hardware software and services to Service Providers Enterprises and AT&T Communications Inc is a IXC / Long distance telephone company owned by AT&T. Furthermore, New Jersey draws upon its large and well-educated labor pool which also supports the myriad of industries that exist today.

New Jersey is the ultimate bedroom community since the state is right next to New York City and Philadelphia. A commuter town is an urban community that is primarily residential from which most of the Workforce commute out to earn their livelihood Thus, there is a strong service economy in New Jersey serving residents who work in New York City or Philadelphia. Some of these industries include retail sales, education and real estate. Newark Liberty International Airport is ranked seventh among the nation's busiest airports and among the top 20 busiest airports in the world. Newark Liberty International Airport, first named Newark Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international Airport within the

Shipping is a strong industry in New Jersey because of the state's strategic location. The Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal was the world's first container port and is one of the world's largest container ports. Not to be confused with Port Elizabeth New Jersey Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is the name for the port facility in New Jersey also has a strong presence in chemical development, refining and food processing operations.

New Jersey hosts several business headquarters, including twenty-four Fortune 500 companies. Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content [30] Paramus is noted for having one of the highest retail sales per person ratios in the nation. Paramus (pəˈræməs is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.

Several New Jersey counties such as Somerset (7), Morris (10), Hunterdon (13), Bergen (21), Monmouth (42) counties are ranked among the highest-income counties in the United States. Somerset County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Morris County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey, about 25 mi (40 km west of New York City. Hunterdon County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. Monmouth County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey, within the New York metropolitan area. There are 3142 counties in the United States. The source of the data is the U Four others are also in the top 100.

Federal taxation disparity

New Jersey has the highest imbalance of any state in the United States between what it gives to the federal government and what it receives. In fiscal year 2005, New Jersey taxpayers gave the federal government $77 billion dollars but only received $55 billion dollars back. This difference is higher than any other state and means that for every $1. 00 New Jersey taxpayers send to Washington, the state only receives $0. 61 dollars back. This calculation is applied correctly after making the federal government deficit neutral as sometimes the federal government spends more than it takes in. [31] As of 2005, New Jersey has never been above 48th in rank for per capita federal spending (with a rank of 50th for the majority of that time) since 1982 while being 2nd or 3rd in the per capita federal taxes paid to Washington. Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by'

As a result, New Jersey runs into deficits frequently and has one of the highest tax burdens in the nation. [32] Factors for this include the large federal tax liability which is not adjusted for New Jersey's higher cost of living and Medicaid funding formulas. Incomes tend to be higher in New Jersey as shown by the study which puts people in higher tax brackets especially vulnerable to the alternative minimum tax, however such higher salaries are negated by the high taxes when you include the high property and state/local income taxes and the low rate of return by the federal government which may cause those high taxes. Alternative Minimum Tax ( AMT) is part of the Federal Income tax system of the United States.

Natural resources

New Jersey's greatest natural resource is its location, which has made the state a crossroads of commerce. Other commercial advantages include its extensive transportation system, which puts one quarter of all United States consumers within overnight delivery range. Lake and seaside resorts such as Atlantic City have contributed to New Jersey's rank of fifth among the states in revenues from tourism.

Despite more than three centuries of development almost half of New Jersey is still wooded. The chief tree of the northern forests is the oak. A large part of the southern section is in pine. Jersey oak has been used extensively in shipbuilding.

The mineral resources in New Jersey are small. The state, however, does rank high in smelting and refining minerals from other states. Some mining activity does still take place in the area in and around the Franklin Furnace, which was long a center of zinc production (see New Jersey Zinc Company). Franklin Furnace is a famous mineral location for rare Zinc, Iron, Manganese minerals in old mines in Franklin New Jersey, USA. Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 The New Jersey Zinc Company was for many years the largest producer of Zinc and zinc products in the United States.

Transportation

Roadways

Map of New Jersey showing major transportation networks and cities
Map of New Jersey showing major transportation networks and cities
The George Washington Bridge connecting New Jersey to New York City is one of the world's busiest bridges in terms of vehicular traffic.
The George Washington Bridge connecting New Jersey to New York City is one of the world's busiest bridges in terms of vehicular traffic. The George Washington Bridge (known informally as the GW Bridge, the GWB, the GW, or the George) is a Suspension bridge spanning The City of New York [33]
See also: List of New Jersey State Highways

The New Jersey Turnpike is one of the best-known and most-trafficked roadways in the United States. In the US state of New Jersey, the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT maintains a system of State highways. The New Jersey Turnpike (or simply The Turnpike as it is known to New Jersey residents is a Toll road in New Jersey and is one of the most heavily traveled The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This toll road carries interstate traffic between Delaware and New York, and the East Coast in general. A toll road, (also known as a tollway, turnpike, pike, or toll highway, especially if it is constructed to Freeway standards Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Commonly referred to as simply "the Turnpike," it is known for its numerous rest-areas named after prominent New Jerseyans as diverse as inventor Thomas Edison; United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton; United States Presidents Grover Cleveland and Woodrow Wilson; writers James Fenimore Cooper, Joyce Kilmer, and Walt Whitman; patriot Molly Pitcher; Red Cross advocate Clara Barton; and football coach Vince Lombardi. The United States Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, concerned with finance and monetary matters, and until The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. James Fenimore Cooper (September 15 1789 &ndash September 14 1851 was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century Alfred Joyce Kilmer (December 6 1886 &ndash July 30 1918 was an American Journalist, poet literary critic, Lecturer,and editor. Walter Whitman (May 31 1819 &ndash March 26 1892 was an American poet, Essayist journalist, and humanist. Molly Pitcher was a nickname given to a girl who loved a man who may have fought in the American Revolutionary War. Clarissa Harlowe Barton (December 25 1821 &ndash April 12 1912 was a pioneer American Teacher, Nurse, and Humanitarian. Vincent Thomas Lombardi ( June 11, 1913 &ndash September 3, 1970) was an American football coach

The Garden State Parkway, or simply "the Parkway," carries more in-state traffic and runs from the town of Montvale along New Jersey's northern border to its southernmost tip at Cape May for 172. The Garden State Parkway ( GSP) is a 1724-mile (277-km limited-access toll Parkway that stretches the length of New Jersey from the New York Montvale is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Cape May, is a city at the southern tip of Cape May Peninsula in Cape May County, New Jersey, where the Delaware Bay meets the 4 miles (277. 5 km). It is the trunk that connects the New York metropolitan area to Atlantic City and it consistently one of the safest roads in the nation.

New Jersey is connected to New York City via various bridges and tunnels. The City of New York The George Washington Bridge carries one of the heaviest loads of traffic in the world[34] from New Jersey to the Washington Heights neighborhood in Upper Manhattan in New York City. The George Washington Bridge (known informally as the GW Bridge, the GWB, the GW, or the George) is a Suspension bridge spanning Washington Heights is a New York City neighborhood in the northern reaches of the borough of Manhattan. Upper Manhattan denotes the more northerly region of the New York City Borough of Manhattan. The City of New York The Lincoln Tunnel connects to Midtown Manhattan and the Holland Tunnel connects to Lower Manhattan. The Lincoln Tunnel is a 15 mile (24 km long Tunnel under the Hudson River, connecting Weehawken, New Jersey and the borough See also Manhattan Midtown Manhattan, or simply Midtown, is an area of Manhattan, New York City home to world-famous commercial The Holland Tunnel is a highway Tunnel under the Hudson River connecting the island of Manhattan in New York City with Jersey Lower Manhattan (or downtown Manhattan) is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the These are the three major Hudson River crossings that see heavy vehicular traffic. New Jersey is also connected to Staten Island by three bridges. Staten Island (ˌstætənˈaɪlənd is a borough of New York City situated primarily on the island of the same name From the southernmost to northernmost; the Outerbridge Crossing, Goethals Bridge, and Bayonne Bridge. The Outerbridge Crossing is a Cantilever bridge which spans the Arthur Kill. The Goethals Bridge (pronounced as ɡɑːθəlz connects Elizabeth New Jersey to Staten Island New York near the Howland Hook Marine Terminal, Staten Island The Bayonne Bridge is the third longest steel arch bridge in the world and was the longest in the world at the time of its completion The Goethals Bridge also provides a route from New Jersey to Brooklyn, New York. The Goethals Bridge (pronounced as ɡɑːθəlz connects Elizabeth New Jersey to Staten Island New York near the Howland Hook Marine Terminal, Staten Island Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City.

Other expressways in New Jersey include the Atlantic City Expressway, the Palisades Interstate Parkway, Interstate 76, Interstate 78, Interstate 80, Interstate 195, Interstate 280, Interstate 287, and Interstate 295. The Atlantic City Expressway (officially numbered but unsigned as Route 446) is a controlled-access Toll road in New Jersey, managed and operated by the The Palisades Interstate Parkway ( PIP) is a long Limited-access highway in the U Interstate 76 (abbreviated I-76) is an Interstate Highway in the United States, running 435 miles (700 km from an interchange with Interstate 71 Route description The western-most section of Interstate 78 in New Jersey opened in November 1989 after a more northerly alignment along present day U History I-80 was first planned in 1936 as a replacement for the cross-state U Interstate 195 (abbreviated I-195) is an auxiliary route of the Interstate Highway System located in the U Interstate 280 (abbreviated I-280) is a 1785-mile (2873 km Interstate Highway, providing a spur from Interstate 80 to Newark New Jersey and Interstate 287 (abbreviated I-287) is a major Interstate highway in New Jersey and New York. Interstate 295 (abbreviated I-295) in New Jersey and Delaware is a bypass route from a junction with Interstate 95 south of Wilmington Other major roadways include U.S. 1, U.S. 9, U.S. Route 1/9. See also US Route 1 See also US Route 1/9 US Route 1 in New Jersey is a portion of the United States highway which parallels the See also US Route 9 See also US Route 1/9 US Route 9 is a major U See also US Route 1 in New Jersey, US Route 9 in New Jersey U Non-major roadways include Interstate 676 and U.S. Route 46. Interstate 676 (abbreviated I-676) is an Interstate highway that serves as a major thoroughfare through Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where it Route description Today US Route 46 begins at a complex interchange of the southern end of Route 94, Interstate 80 the Portland-Columbia Toll Bridge leading

New Jersey has interstate compacts with all three neighboring states. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the Delaware River Port Authority (with Pennsylvania), and the Delaware River and Bay Authority (with Delaware) operate most of the major transportation routes into and out of New Jersey. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ) is a bi-state Port district, established in 1921 (as the Port of New York Authority) through The Delaware River Port Authority or DRPA is a bi-state Port district located within the State of New Jersey and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania The Delaware River and Bay Authority or DRBA is a bi-state government agency of the State of New Jersey and the State of Delaware established by Interstate Bridge tolls are collected in one direction only — it is free to cross into New Jersey, but motorists must pay when exiting the state. Exceptions to this are the Dingman's Ferry Bridge and the Delaware River-Turnpike Toll Bridge where tolls are charged both ways. The Dingman's Ferry Bridge is the last privately owned Toll bridge on the Delaware River and one of the last few in the United States The Delaware River-Turnpike Toll Bridge is a four-lane steel arch-shaped suspended deck Truss bridge that connects the Pennsylvania Turnpike 's East-West Mainline The Washington Crossing and Scudders Falls (on I-95) bridges near Trenton, as well as Trenton's Calhoun Street and Bridge Street ("Trenton Makes") bridges, are toll-free. The Scudder Falls Bridge is a Girder bridge that carries Interstate 95 over the Delaware River, connecting Lower Makefield Township in The Calhoun Street Toll Supported Bridge (aka Trenton City Bridge The Lower Trenton Toll Supported Bridge, commonly called the Lower Free Bridge, Warren Street Bridge or Trenton Makes Bridge, is a two-lane

Airports

Newark Liberty International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the United States. Newark Liberty International Airport, first named Newark Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international Airport within the Operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which runs the other two major airports in the New York metropolitan area (John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport), it is one of the main airports serving the New York City area. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ) is a bi-state Port district, established in 1921 (as the Port of New York Authority) through An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land The New York metropolitan area, often referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the most populous Metropolitan area in the United States and is also one John F Kennedy International Airport is an International airport located in Queens County on Long Island in southeastern New York City about 12 miles (19 LaGuardia Airport (ləˈɡwɑɹdiə is an airport located in Queens County on Long Island in the The City of New York. Continental Airlines is the facility's largest tenant, operating an entire terminal at Newark, which it uses as one of its primary hubs. Continental Airlines Inc ( is a United States certificated air carrier. An airline hub is an Airport that an airline uses as a transfer point to get passengers to their intended destination United Airlines and FedEx operate cargo hubs. United Air Lines Inc, trading as United Airlines ( is a major airline of the United States. FedEx Corporation ( is a Logistics services company based in the United States. The adjacent Newark Airport railroad station provides access to the trains of Amtrak and New Jersey Transit along the Northeast Corridor Line. Newark Liberty International Airport is a Northeast Corridor line station in the New Jersey Transit rail system. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 The New Jersey Transit Corporation (usually shortened to New Jersey Transit, NJ Transit or NJT) is a statewide Public transportation system serving The Northeast Corridor Line is a Commuter rail operation run by New Jersey Transit along Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor.

Two smaller commercial airports, Atlantic City International Airport and Trenton-Mercer Airport, also operate in other parts of New Jersey. Atlantic City International Airport is a joint civil-military public Airport located nine miles (14 km) northwest of the Central business district (CBD For the airport in Mercer County West Virginia, see Mercer County Airport (West Virginia. Teterboro Airport, in Bergen County, is a general aviation airport popular with private and corporate aircraft, due to its proximity to New York City. Teterboro Airport is a General aviation "reliever" Airport located in the Boroughs of Teterboro, Moonachie, and Hasbrouck Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. General aviation (abbr GA) is one of two categories of Civil aviation. Millville Municipal Airport, in Cumberland County, is a general aviation airport popular with private and corporate aircraft, due to its proximity to the shore. Millville Municipal Airport is a public Airport located three miles (5 km) southwest of the Central business district of Millville, a Cumberland County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. General aviation (abbr GA) is one of two categories of Civil aviation.

Rail and bus

NJT trains at Hoboken Terminal
NJT trains at Hoboken Terminal
Main article: New Jersey Transit
Further information: New Jersey Transit Bus Operations, New Jersey Transit Rail Operations, Port Authority Trans-Hudson, and Port Authority Transit Corporation

The New Jersey Transit Corporation (NJ Transit) operates extensive rail and bus service throughout the state. The New Jersey Transit Corporation (usually shortened to New Jersey Transit, NJ Transit or NJT) is a statewide Public transportation system serving New Jersey Transit Bus Operations is the bus division of New Jersey Transit, providing bus service throughout New Jersey along with service along one light rail New Jersey Transit Rail Operations is the rail division of New Jersey Transit that provides Regional rail service primarily in northern New Jersey, along The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service The PATCO Speedline is a Rapid transit system operated by the Port Authority Transit Corporation, which runs between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The New Jersey Transit Corporation (usually shortened to New Jersey Transit, NJ Transit or NJT) is a statewide Public transportation system serving NJ Transit is a state-run corporation that began with the consolidation of several private bus companies in North Jersey. In the early 1980s, it acquired the commuter train operations of Conrail that connect towns in northern and central New Jersey to New York City. Consolidated Rail Corporation, also known as Conrail, began operations on April 1, 1976 as a federally funded takeover of the major railroad The City of New York NJ Transit has eleven lines that run throughout different parts of the state. Most of the trains start at various points in the state and most end at either Pennsylvania Station, in New York City, or Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken. Pennsylvania Station (commonly known as “Penn Station”) is the major intercity rail station and a major Commuter rail hub in New York City The City of New York Hoboken Terminal is a major transportation hub located in Hoboken, New Jersey on the Hudson River waterfront operated by New Jersey Transit. Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. NJ Transit began service between Atlantic City and Lindenwold in 1989 and extended it to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the 1990s. Lindenwold is a Borough in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern

NJ Transit also operates three light rail systems in the state. The Hudson-Bergen Light Rail connects Bayonne to North Bergen, with planned expansion into Bergen County communities. The Hudson–Bergen Light Rail (HBLR is a Light rail system in the United States, owned by New Jersey Transit and operated by the 21st Century Rail Corporation Bayonne is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, south of Jersey City. North Bergen is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. The Newark City Subway is the only subway system in the state. The Newark Light Rail is a Light rail system under New Jersey Transit Bus Operations serving Newark, New Jersey. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway Its Main Line connects Newark Penn Station with Grove Street station in Bloomfield. Pennsylvania Station in Newark New Jersey (also known as Newark Penn Station) is a railroad/subway/bus transportation hub Bloomfield is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The Broad Street Line of the subway, the first component of the Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link, opened in the summer of 2006. The Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link is a proposed 88 mile-long Light rail line in New Jersey, USA, which would connect the downtown areas of Newark The last of the three light rail lines is the River Line which connects Trenton and Camden. The River Line (styled River LINE by NJ Transit and originally known as Southern New Jersey Light Rail Transit or SNJLRT) is a diesel Light rail Trenton is the Capital of the US state of New Jersey and the County seat of Mercer County. The City of Camden is the County seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States.

The PATH links North Jersey and New York City. The Port Authority Trans-Hudson ( PATH) is a Rapid transit railroad linking Manhattan, New York with New Jersey, and providing service North Jersey is a name for the northern part of the US State of New Jersey, which is sandwiched between two important cities New York City (which North The City of New York The PATH operates four lines that connect various points in North Jersey and New York. The lines all start in either Hudson County or Essex County, New Jersey and end either at the World Trade Center station or at 33rd Street in Midtown Manhattan. Hudson County is in New Jersey, United States. Its County seat is Jersey City. Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U The World Trade Center PATH station originally opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal The 33rd Street PATH station opened on November 10, 1910, is located on Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas between 32nd and 33rd Streets See also Manhattan Midtown Manhattan, or simply Midtown, is an area of Manhattan, New York City home to world-famous commercial

The PATCO High Speedline links Camden County and Philadelphia. The PATCO Speedline is a Rapid transit system operated by the Port Authority Transit Corporation, which runs between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Camden County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə PATCO operates a single elevated and subway line that runs from Lindenwold to Center City Philadelphia. Lindenwold is a Borough in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. PATCO operates stations in Lindenwold, Voorhees, Cherry Hill, Haddonfield, Haddon Township, Collingswood, and Camden, along with four stations in Philadelphia. Voorhees Township is a township in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. Cherry Hill Township is a township in Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. Haddon Township is a Township in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. Collingswood is a Borough in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. The City of Camden is the County seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States.

Amtrak also operates numerous long-distance passenger trains in New Jersey to and from neighboring states and around the country. The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 In addition to the Newark Airport connection, other major Amtrak railway stations include Trenton Rail Station, Metropark, and the grand historic Newark Penn Station. Metropark is the name of a Train station in Woodbridge Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey, which is served by Amtrak and Pennsylvania Station in Newark New Jersey (also known as Newark Penn Station) is a railroad/subway/bus transportation hub

SEPTA also has two lines that operate into New Jersey. The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority ( SEPTA) is a regional public authority that operates various forms of public transit &mdash bus The R7 lines terminates at the Trenton Rail Station, and the R3 lines terminates at the West Trenton Rail Station in Ewing. The SEPTA R7 is a route of the SEPTA Regional Rail ( Commuter rail) system The R3 is a route of the SEPTA Regional Rail Commuter rail system West Trenton is the northern terminus of the SEPTA R3 line. It is located at Grand & Railroad Avenues in Ewing New Jersey. Ewing Township is a Township in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.

AirTrain Newark is a monorail connecting the Amtrak/NJ Transit station on the Northeast Corridor to the airport's terminals and parking lots. AirTrain Newark is a 19-mile (3km Monorail system connecting Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR to the Newark Liberty International Airport train The Northeast Corridor ( NEC) is the busiest passenger rail line in the United States by ridership and service frequency

Some private bus carriers still remain in New Jersey. Most of these carriers operate with state funding to offset losses and state owned buses are provided to these carriers of which Coach USA companies make up the bulk. Coach USA LLC is a holding company for various American transportation service providers providing scheduled intercity bus service local and commuter bus transit city sightseeing Other carriers include private charter and tour bus operators that take gamblers from other parts of New Jersey, New York City, Philadelphia, and Delaware to the casino resorts of Atlantic City. The City of New York Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

Ferries

There are many ferry services that operate in New Jersey.

On the Delaware Bay, the Delaware River and Bay Authority operates the Cape May-Lewes Ferry. Delaware Bay is a large Estuary outlet of the Delaware River on the Northeast seaboard of the United States whose fresh water mixes for many miles The Delaware River and Bay Authority or DRBA is a bi-state government agency of the State of New Jersey and the State of Delaware established by Interstate The Cape May−Lewes Ferry is a ferry system that traverses a 17-mile (27 km crossing of the Delaware Bay to connect Cape May, New Jersey with Lewes The Delaware River and Bay Authority also operates ferries between Fort Mott in New Jersey and Fort Delaware and Fort DuPont in Delaware. Fort Mott may refer to two Forts in what is the present-day United States: Fort Mott in New Jersey Fort Mott Fort Delaware is a harbor defense facility built in 1859 on Pea Patch Island in the Delaware River. Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The Delaware River Port Authority operates the RiverLink Ferry between the Camden waterfront and Penn's Landing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Delaware River Port Authority or DRPA is a bi-state Port district located within the State of New Jersey and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania The RiverLink Ferry is a passenger Ferry system that traverses a crossing of the Delaware River, connecting the Camden New Jersey waterfront with The City of Camden is the County seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. Penn's Landing is the waterfront area of the Center City along the Delaware River section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə

On the Hudson River, New York Waterway has numerous ferry terminals in Belford, Jersey City, Hoboken and Weehawken. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami See also Transportation in New York City NY Waterway is a private Ferry system that provides commuter service and tourist excursions in New York Harbor This article is about the place in New Jersey USA For other places with the same name see Belford. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Weehawken is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The stops are at Port Liberte, Liberty Harbor, Colgate/Exchange Place in Jersey City, Belford, Port Imperial and Lincoln Harbor in Weehawken, Hoboken Terminal (Hoboken South) and 14th Street (Hoboken North) in Hoboken. Port Liberté is a neighborhood in Jersey City that used to be one of the many ports on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River This article is about the place in New Jersey USA For other places with the same name see Belford. Weehawken is a township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Hoboken Terminal is a major transportation hub located in Hoboken, New Jersey on the Hudson River waterfront operated by New Jersey Transit. These ferries run to one or several of the Manhattan stops at Wall Street, the World Financial Center or Midtown at 39th St. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. The World Financial Center is a complex of buildings across West Street from the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan in New York City, Liberty Landing in Jersey City has ferries from Portside in Paulus Hook and Liberty Landing in Liberty State Park. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Paulus Hook is a community on the Hudson River waterfront in Jersey City, New Jersey, located one mile across the river from Manhattan. Liberty State Park is a State park in Jersey City, New Jersey. The Circle Line ferry has service from Liberty State Park to Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty. The Circle Line is the collective name given to two sightseeing Ferry operations in Manhattan: Circle Line 42nd Street which circles Manhattan Although there is a bridge from Ellis Island to Jersey City, it was built for renovations on the building on the island and is considered unsafe for public use. SeaStreak offers services from the Raritan Bayshore to Manhattan and during the Met's season Shea Stadium. SeaStreak is a private firm that provides commuter Ferry service and special event and sightseeing excursions in New York Harbor. The Raritan Bayshore region of New Jersey is the area around Raritan Bay from the The Amboys to Sandy Hook. William A Shea Municipal Stadium, usually shortened to Shea Stadium or just Shea (ʃeɪ̪ is a Stadium located in the New York City borough The ferries on the Bayshore leave from Atlantic Highlands and two terminals in Highlands. Atlantic Highlands is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey in the Bayshore Region. Highlands is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. New York Water Taxi also has seasonal service from Paulus Hook to Wall Street. See also Transportation in New York City New York Water Taxi is a Water taxi service offering commuter and sightseeing service mainly to points along the Ferry service from Keyport and Perth Amboy have been proposed and ferry service from Elizabeth has been discussed with a proposed light rail connection to Newark Airport and Downtown Elizabeth. Keyport is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Perth Amboy is a city in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. Elizabeth is a city in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. Newark Liberty International Airport, first named Newark Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international Airport within the Elizabeth is a city in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States.

Private bus carriers

Several private bus lines provide transportation service in the state of New Jersey. Below is a list of major carriers and their areas of operation:

Law and government

Further information: Governor of New Jersey, Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey, New Jersey Legislature, and 2006 New Jersey State Government Shutdown

Executive

Jon Corzine (Democrat) is the Governor. Academy Bus Lines is a bus company in New Jersey providing local bus service in northern New Jersey, line run service to/from New York City from points Burlington County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Middlesex County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Monmouth County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey, within the New York metropolitan area. Ocean County is a County located along the famous Jersey Shore in the U Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. See also Manhattan Midtown Manhattan, or simply Midtown, is an area of Manhattan, New York City home to world-famous commercial Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Bayonne is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, south of Jersey City. Coach USA LLC is a holding company for various American transportation service providers providing scheduled intercity bus service local and commuter bus transit city sightseeing Community Coach is a bus operator in northern New Jersey owned by Coach USA, operating fixed route and charter service Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U Morris County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey, about 25 mi (40 km west of New York City. Olympia Trails, also doing business under the brands Orange Newark Elizabeth Bus (shortened to ONE Bus) for local bus service in Essex and Union Union County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Olympia Trails, also doing business under the brands Orange Newark Elizabeth Bus (shortened to ONE Bus) for local bus service in Essex and Union Hudson County is in New Jersey, United States. Its County seat is Jersey City. Rockland Coaches (also known as The Red and Tan Lines) is a commuter coach company owned by Coach USA based in Westwood, New Jersey, Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. Coach USA Suburban Transit (also known as Suburban Trails, Adventure Trails, and Cape Transit) a bus operator in central New Jersey DeCamp Bus Lines is a line-run operator servicing Essex County New Jersey with line run and charter service to and from Manhattan. Greyhound Lines is an intercity Common carrier of passengers by Bus serving over 3700 destinations in the United States. Lakeland Bus Lines Inc is a privately operated charter/commuter Bus operation in Dover, New Jersey. Somerset County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. The County of Sussex (also known as Sussex County) is the northernmost county in the State of New Jersey. Warren County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. The A&C Bus Corporation, also known as the Montgomery & Westside Bus Owners Association, is a Bus company in Hudson County New Jersey, United Trans-Bridge Lines is a line-run operator servicing the Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania and the southwestern Skylands Region of New Jersey The Skylands Region is a marketing area of the State of New Jersey located in the Northern and Central part of the state The Governor of New Jersey is the Chief executive of the US state of New Jersey. The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey will take office for the first time in January 2010 following conjoint election with the Governor of New Jersey. The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton The 2006 New Jersey State Government shutdown was the first shutdown in the history of the state of New Jersey. Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1 1947 is the Governor of New Jersey and a former United States Senator The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The Governor of New Jersey is the Chief executive of the US state of New Jersey. In April 2007, Corzine was seriously injured in a car accident but returned to office duty in early May. The Governor of New Jersey is considered one of the most powerful governorships in the nation, as it is currently the only state-wide elected office in the state and appoints many government officials. Formerly, an Acting Governor was even more powerful as he simultaneously served as President of the New Jersey State Senate, thus directing half of the legislative and all of the executive process. The New Jersey Senate is the Upper house of the New Jersey Legislature. In 2002 and 2007, President of the State Senate Richard Codey held the position of Acting Governor for a short time, and from 2004 to 2006 Codey became a long term Acting Governor due to Jim McGreevey's resignation. Richard James "Dick" Codey (born November 27, 1946) is an American Democratic Party Politician in the U James Edward "Jim" McGreevey (born August 6, 1957) is an American Democratic politician A 2005 amendment to the state Constitution prevents the Senate President from becoming Acting Governor in the event of a permanent gubernatorial vacancy without giving up their seat in the state Senate.

The governor's mansion is Drumthwacket, located in Princeton Township. Drumthwacket is the Official residence of the Governor of New Jersey and was built in 1835 by then-future Governor Charles S See also the Borough of Princeton, New Jersey and Princeton, New Jersey Princeton Township is a township in Mercer

New Jersey is currently one of the few states that has no Lieutenant Governor. A Lieutenant Governor is a high officer of state whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction The first Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey will take office in January 2010 and will be elected conjointly with the Governor of New Jersey. The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey will take office for the first time in January 2010 following conjoint election with the Governor of New Jersey. The position was created as the result of a Constitutional amendment to the New Jersey State Constitution passed by the voters on November 8, 2005 and effective as of January 17, 2006. The Constitution of the State of New Jersey is the basic governing document of the State of New Jersey. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Legislative

The New Jersey State House in Trenton
The New Jersey State House in Trenton

The current version of the New Jersey State Constitution was adopted in 1947. The New Jersey State House is located in Trenton and is the seat of government for the U Trenton is the Capital of the US state of New Jersey and the County seat of Mercer County. The Constitution of the State of New Jersey is the basic governing document of the State of New Jersey. It provides for a bicameral New Jersey Legislature, consisting of an upper house Senate of 40 members and a lower house General Assembly of 80 members. In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton An upper house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Lower house. The New Jersey Senate is the Upper house of the New Jersey Legislature. A lower house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Upper house. The New Jersey General Assembly is the Lower house of the New Jersey Legislature. Each of the 40 legislative districts elects one State Senator and two Assembly members. Assembly members are elected for a two-year term in all odd-numbered years; State Senators are elected in the years ending in 1, 3, and 7 and thus serve either four- or two-year terms.

New Jersey is one of only five states that elects its state officials in odd numbered years (The others are Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Virginia). The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state New Jersey holds elections for these offices every 4 years in the years following federal Presidential election years. Thus, the last year when New Jersey elected a Governor was 2005; the next gubernatorial election will occur in 2009, with future gubernatorial elections to take place in 2013, 2017, 2021, etc.

Judicial

The New Jersey Supreme Court[35] consists of a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices. Note! Article is BELOW this infobox scroll down --> The New Jersey Supreme Court is the highest court in the U All are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of a majority of the membership of the State Senate. Advice and consent is an English phrase frequently used in enacting formulae of bills and in other legal or constitutional contexts describing a situation in Justices serve an initial seven-year term, after which they can be reappointed to serve until age 70.

Most of the day-to-day work in the New Jersey courts is carried out in the Municipal Courts, where simple traffic tickets, minor criminal offenses, and small civil matters are heard. More serious criminal and civil cases are handled by the Superior Court for each county.

New Jersey is unusual in that it still has separate courts of law and equity, like its neighbor Delaware but unlike most other U. Equity is the name given to the set of legal principles in jurisdictions following the English common law tradition which supplement strict rules of law where Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. S. states. The New Jersey Superior Court is divided into Law and Chancery Divisions at the trial level. The Superior Court is the state court in the US state of New Jersey, with state-wide trial and appellate jurisdiction

Counties

Further information: List of New Jersey counties

New Jersey is broken up into 21 counties, 13 of which date from the colonial era. The US state of New Jersey has 21 counties New Jersey was governed by two separate groups of proprietors as two distinct provinces East Jersey New Jersey was completely divided into counties by 1692; the present counties were created by dividing the existing ones; most recently Union County in 1857. Union County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. New Jersey is the only state in the nation where elected county officials are called "Freeholders," governing each county as part of its own Board of Chosen Freeholders. In New Jersey, the Boards of Chosen Freeholders are the county legislatures of the 21 counties of the state. The number of freeholders in each county is determined by referendum, and must consist of three, five, seven or nine members.

Depending on the county, the executive and legislative functions may be performed by the Board of Chosen Freeholders or split into separate branches of government. In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation In some counties, members of the Board of Chosen Freeholders perform both legislative and executive functions on a commission basis, with each Freeholder assigned responsibility for a department or group of departments. In other counties (Atlantic, Bergen, Essex, Hudson and Mercer), there is a directly-elected County Executive who performs the executive functions while the Board of Chosen Freeholders retains a legislative and oversight role. Atlantic County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U Hudson County is in New Jersey, United States. Its County seat is Jersey City. Mercer County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. A county executive is the head of the executive branch of Government in a County. In counties without an Executive, a County Administrator (or County Manager) may be hired to perform day-to-day administration of county functions.

Municipalities

New Jersey has 566 municipalities; the number was 567 before Pahaquarry Township was absorbed by Hardwick Township in 1997. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or Pahaquarry Township is a now-defunct Township that was located in Warren County, New Jersey. Hardwick Township is a Township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. Unlike other states in the west and south, all New Jersey land is part of a municipality. In 2008, governor Jon Corzine proposed cutting state aid to all towns under 10,000 people, to encourage mergers to reduce administrative costs. Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1 1947 is the Governor of New Jersey and a former United States Senator [36]

Types of government

When the types of government were devised in the nineteenth century, the intention was that cities would be large built-up areas, with progressively smaller boroughs, towns, and villages; the rural areas in between would be relatively large townships. A City in the context of New Jersey local government refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government A Borough (sometimes abbreviated Boro on road signs in the context of New Jersey local government refers to one of five types and one of eleven A Town in the context of New Jersey local government refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government A Village in the context of New Jersey local government refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government A township, in the context of New Jersey Local government, refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government This is still often true, although Shrewsbury Township has been divided over the years; today it is less than a square mile, consisting only of a single housing development. See also Shrewsbury New Jersey Shrewsbury Township is a Township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Some townships — notably Middletown, Brick, Hamilton, and Toms River — have, without changing their boundaries, become large stretches of suburbia, as populous as cities, often focused around shopping centers and highways rather than traditional downtowns and main streets. Middletown Township is a township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Brick Township is a Township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. Not to be confused with Hamilton Township Atlantic County, New Jersey. The Township of Toms River is a large township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States, and the South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California.

As with Toms River, many locations in New Jersey are simply neighborhoods, with no exact boundaries; often the cluster of houses, the traditional neighborhood, the postal district, and the Census designated place will differ. A census-designated place ( CDP) is a type of place (a concentration of population identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes

The Federal Government has often failed to understand that a New Jersey township is just another municipality, and some municipalities have changed forms to become the Township of the Borough of Verona or the Township of South Orange Village to receive more federal aid. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. Verona is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. South Orange Village is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States.

Forms of government

New Jersey Municipal Government Flag of New Jersey
Traditional forms
Borough Township
City Town Village
Modern Forms
Walsh Act/Commission
1923 Municipal Manager
Faulkner Act Forms
Mayor-Council Council-Manager
Small Municipality
Mayor-Council-Administrator
Nonstandard Forms
Special Charter
Changing Form of Municipal Government
Charter Study Commission

The five types of municipality differ mostly in name. A Borough (sometimes abbreviated Boro on road signs in the context of New Jersey local government refers to one of five types and one of eleven A township, in the context of New Jersey Local government, refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government A City in the context of New Jersey local government refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government A Town in the context of New Jersey local government refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government A Village in the context of New Jersey local government refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government The Walsh Act is legislation in the US state of New Jersey that permits municipalities to adopt a Non-partisan commission form of government The 1923 Municipal Manager Law was the last type of reformed municipal government the State of New Jersey introduced in the Progressive era. The Optional Municipal Charter Law or Faulkner Act (NJSA § 4069A-1 et seq The Faulkner Act, or Optional Municipal Charter Law, provides for New Jersey municipalities to adopt a '''Mayor-Council''' government The Faulkner Act, or Optional Municipal Charter Law, provides for New Jersey municipalities to adopt a '''Council-Manager''' government The Faulkner Act, or Optional Municipal Charter Law, provides for New Jersey municipalities to adopt a Small Municipality form of government The Faulkner Act, or Optional Municipal Charter Law, provides for New Jersey municipalities to adopt a Mayor-Council-Administrator form of government A Special Charter allows a New Jersey municipality to operate under a charter that differs from those of the traditional forms of government or the many options available under A Charter Study Commission is one of two options available to residents of New Jersey to pursue a change in their form of government Originally, each type had its own form of government but more modern forms are available to any municipality, even though the original type is retained in its formal name. Only boroughs can (but are not required to) have the "borough form" of government.

Starting in the 1900s, largely driven by reform-minded goals, a series of six modern forms of government was implemented. This began with the Walsh Act, enacted in 1911 by the New Jersey Legislature, which provided for a 3- or 5-member commission elected on a non-partisan basis. The Walsh Act is legislation in the US state of New Jersey that permits municipalities to adopt a Non-partisan commission form of government The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton This was followed by the 1923 Municipal Manager Law, which offered a non-partisan council, provided for a weak mayor elected by and from the members of the council, and introduced Council-Manager government with an (ideally apolitical) appointed manager responsible for day-to-day administration of municipal affairs. The 1923 Municipal Manager Law was the last type of reformed municipal government the State of New Jersey introduced in the Progressive era. In the council-manager form of government an elected city council (typically between five and 11 people is responsible for making Policy, passing Ordinances voting Appropriations

The Faulkner Act, originally enacted in 1950 and substantially amended in 1981, offers four basic plans: Mayor-Council, Council-Manager, Small Municipality, and Mayor-Council-Administrator. The Optional Municipal Charter Law or Faulkner Act (NJSA § 4069A-1 et seq The Faulkner Act, or Optional Municipal Charter Law, provides for New Jersey municipalities to adopt a '''Mayor-Council''' government The Faulkner Act, or Optional Municipal Charter Law, provides for New Jersey municipalities to adopt a '''Council-Manager''' government The Faulkner Act, or Optional Municipal Charter Law, provides for New Jersey municipalities to adopt a Small Municipality form of government The Faulkner Act, or Optional Municipal Charter Law, provides for New Jersey municipalities to adopt a Mayor-Council-Administrator form of government The act provides many choices for communities with a preference for a strong executive and professional management of municipal affairs and offers great flexibility in allowing municipalities to select the characteristics of its government: the number of seats on the Council; seats selected at-large, by wards, or through a combination of both; staggered or concurrent terms of office; and a mayor chosen by the Council or elected directly by voters. Most large municipalities and a majority of New Jersey's residents are governed by municipalities with Faulkner Act charters. Municipalities can also formulate their own unique form of government and operate under a Special Charter with the approval of the New Jersey Legislature. A Special Charter allows a New Jersey municipality to operate under a charter that differs from those of the traditional forms of government or the many options available under The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton

While municipalities retain their names derived from types of government, they may have changed to one of the modern forms of government, or further in the past to one of the other traditional forms, leading to municipalities with formal names quite baffling to the general public. For example, though there are four municipalities that are officially named villages, Loch Arbour is the only one remaining with the village form of government. Loch Arbour is a village in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The three other villages—Ridgefield Park (now with a Walsh Act form), Ridgewood (now with a Faulkner Act Council-Manager charter), and most confusingly, South Orange (now the Township of South Orange Village) —have all migrated to other non-village forms. Ridgefield Park is a village in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Ridgewood is a village in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. South Orange Village is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States.

Politics

Main article: Politics of New Jersey

Political parties

New Jersey was once a politically competitive state in past federal elections but has become a Democratic stronghold since the 1980s. New Jersey has traditionally been a political swing state but has swung Democratic in recent decades The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. In state elections, offices remain competitive; the New Jersey Legislature was evenly divided from 1999 to 2001. The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton Currently, New Jersey Democrats hold the Governorship, have majority control of both houses of the Legislature (Senate: 22-18 & Assembly: 49-31), while federal Democrats hold both U.S. Senate seats and also 7 out of 13 of the state's delegation to the United States House of Representatives. The New Jersey Democratic State Committee or the NJDSC is the New Jersey state affiliate of the United States Democratic Party. The Governor of New Jersey is the Chief executive of the US state of New Jersey. The New Jersey Legislature is the US state of New Jersey 's legislative branch seated in the New Jersey State House at the state's capital Trenton The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Republicans have not won a statewide election since 1997. With the exception of then-Vice President George H.W. Bush's 1988 presidential victory, no Republican has received a majority of the vote in a statewide election since 1985, though the state had a Republican governor from 1994 to 2002, as Christie Todd Whitman won twice with vote percentages of 47 and 49 percent. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 -->The United States presidential election of 1988 featured an open primary for both major parties Christine Todd "Christie" Whitman (born September 26, 1946) is an American Republican Politician and Author who

In federal elections, the state leans heavily towards the national Democratic Party. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. It was, however, a Republican stronghold for years in the past, having given comfortable margins of victory to the Republican candidate in the close elections of 1948, 1968, and 1976. The United States presidential election of 1948 is considered by most Historians as the greatest election Upset in American history. Please DO NOT flip the colors -->The United States presidential election of 1968 was a wrenching national experience and included the assassination of Democratic candidate The United States presidential election of 1976 followed the resignation of President Richard M New Jersey was a crucial swing state in the elections of 1960, 1968, and 1992. A swing state (also battleground state or purple state) in United States The United States presidential election of 1960 marked the end of Dwight D Please DO NOT flip the colors -->The United States presidential election of 1968 was a wrenching national experience and included the assassination of Democratic candidate The United States presidential elections of 1992 featured a battle between incumbent President, Republican George H The last elected Republican to hold a Senate seat from New Jersey was Clifford P. Case in 1979. Clifford Philip Case ( 16 April 1904 in Franklin Park New Jersey &ndash 5 March 1982 in Washington D (Nicholas F. Brady was appointed a U. Nicholas Frederick Brady (born April 11 1930, in New York City) was United States Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Ronald S. Senator by Governor Thomas Kean in 1982 after Harrison A. Williams resigned the Senate seat following the Abscam investigations. Thomas Howard Kean (born April 21, 1935 in New York City) is an American Republican Party Politician, who served as the Harrison Arlington "Pete" Williams Jr ( December 10, 1919 &ndash November 17, 2001) was a Democrat who represented Abscam (sometimes ABSCAM) was a United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI Sting operation run from the FBI's Hauppauge, Long Island )

The state's Democratic strongholds include Mercer County around Trenton and Princeton; Essex County and Hudson County, the state's two most urban counties, around the state's two largest cities, Newark and Jersey City; Camden County and most of the other urban communities just outside of Philadelphia and New York; and more suburban northern counties in New York's orbit, such as Union County and Middlesex County. Mercer County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Trenton is the Capital of the US state of New Jersey and the County seat of Mercer County. See also Princeton Township New Jersey, Borough of Princeton New Jersey Princeton Borough New Jersey Princeton Township New Jersey this Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U Hudson County is in New Jersey, United States. Its County seat is Jersey City. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Camden County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The City of New York Union County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Middlesex County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey.

The more suburban northwestern and southeastern counties of the state are reliably Republican: Republicans have backing along the coast in Ocean County and in the mountainous northwestern part of the state, especially Sussex County, Morris County, and Warren County. Ocean County is a County located along the famous Jersey Shore in the U The County of Sussex (also known as Sussex County) is the northernmost county in the State of New Jersey. Morris County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey, about 25 mi (40 km west of New York City. Warren County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Somerset County and Hunterdon County, other suburban counties in the region, are also Republican in local elections but can be competitive in national races. Somerset County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Hunterdon County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. In the 2004 General Election, President George W. Bush received about 52% in Somerset and 60% in Hunterdon, while up in rural Republican Sussex County, Bush won with 64% of the vote. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States.

About half of the counties in New Jersey, however, are considered swing counties, but some go more one way than others. For an example, Bergen County, which leans Republican in the northern half of the county, is mostly Democratic in the more populated southern parts, causing it to usually vote slightly Democratic (same with Passaic County, with a highly populated Hispanic Democratic south and a rural, Republican north), other "swing" counties like Cape May County tend to go Republican, as they also have population in conservative areas. Bergen County is the most populous County of the state of New Jersey, United States. Passaic County is a County located in the US state of New Jersey. Cape May County is the southernmost County in the US state of New Jersey.

Social attitudes and issues

Socially, New Jersey is considered one of the most liberal states in the nation. Polls indicate two thirds of the population are self-described as pro-choice;[37] and in a Zogby poll of 802 people, a majority supported same-sex marriage. Overview See also Ethical aspects of abortion Pro-choice advocates emphasize their beliefs that having a child is a personal choice that affects a woman's body and John Zogby (born 1948) is an American political pollster and first senior fellow at The Catholic University of America 's Life Cycle Institute Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same [38]

In April 2004, New Jersey enacted a domestic partnership law, which is available to both same-sex and opposite-sex couples aged 62 and over. During 2006, the New Jersey Supreme Court voted 4 to 3 that state lawmakers must provide the rights and benefits of marriage to gay and lesbian couples. Moreover, effective February 19, 2007, New Jersey became the third state in U. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. S. (the other two being Connecticut and Vermont) to offer civil unions to same-sex couples, conferring over 850 rights, privileges and responsibilities of marriage; legislators declined, however, to use the term "marriage" for same-sex unions. A civil union is a legally recognized union similar to Marriage. Thus, three separate government-recognized relationships are now in effect in the Garden State: domestic partnerships, civil unions, and marriage.

See also: Civil unions in New Jersey

New Jersey also has some of the most stringent gun-control laws in the U. S. These include bans on assault firearms, hollow nose bullets and even slingshots. No gun offense in New Jersey is graded less than a felony. BB guns and black powder guns are all treated as modern firearms. BB guns are a type of Air gun designed to shoot projectiles called BB after the Birdshot pellet of approximately the same size Visitors to the state should beware of bringing any firearms into the state. New Jersey recognizes no out of state gun licenses and aggressively enforces its own gun laws. [39]

Capital punishment

On December 17, 2007 Governor Corzine signed into law a bill that would completely eliminate the death penalty in New Jersey. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. New Jersey is the first state to pass such legislation since Iowa and West Virginia eliminated executions in 1965. The State of Iowa ( is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by [40] There are only a handful of people on Death Row in New Jersey. Death row is a term that refers to the section of a Prison that houses individuals awaiting execution. Corzine also recently signed a bill that would downgrade the Death Row prisoners' sentences from "Death" to "Life in Prison with No Parole. "

Prominent cities and towns

See also: List of Municipalities in New Jersey (by population)

Large cities (100,000 or greater)

Broad Street in Newark
Broad Street in Newark
Jersey City by night
Jersey City by night

For its overall population and nation-leading density, New Jersey has a relative paucity of classic large cities. This is a list of the 566 municipalities in the US state of New Jersey, ordered by population As of the United States 2000 Census, only four municipalities had populations in excess of 100,000. With the 2004 Census estimate, Woodbridge has surpassed Edison in population, as both joined the 100,000 club. The 2006 Census estimate states that both Edison and Woodbridge Township have dropped below the 100,000 mark.

Towns and small cities (60,000 up to 100,000)

Wealth of municipalities

Wealth of municipalities and communities by per capita income:

See also: New Jersey locations by per capita income

1 Mantoloking, New Jersey $114,017
2 Saddle River, New Jersey $85,934
3 Far Hills, New Jersey $81,535
4 Essex Fells, New Jersey $77,434
5 Alpine, New Jersey $76,995

698 New Hanover Township, New Jersey $12,140
699 Lakewood CDP, New Jersey $11,802
700 Bridgeton, New Jersey $10,917
701 Fort Dix, New Jersey $10,543
702 Camden, New Jersey $9,815

Education

Main article: Post-secondary education in New Jersey

Although some problems exist in certain inner city neighborhoods, New Jersey overall is considered to have one of the best public education systems in the United States. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Elizabeth is a city in Union County, New Jersey, in the United States. Edison Township (usually known as Edison) is a township in Middlesex County New Jersey, United States. Woodbridge Township is a Township in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The Township of Toms River is a large township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States, and the Not to be confused with Hamilton Township Atlantic County, New Jersey. Trenton is the Capital of the US state of New Jersey and the County seat of Mercer County. The City of Camden is the County seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. Clifton is a city in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. Brick Township is a Township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. Cherry Hill Township is a township in Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. East Orange is a city in Essex County, New Jersey, USA As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 69824 For sites of same name see Union City. Union City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States Middletown Township is a township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Gloucester Township is a Township in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. Bayonne is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, south of Jersey City. Irvington is a City in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Old Bridge Township is a Township in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. Lakewood Township is a township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country New Jersey is one of the wealthiest states in the United States of America, with a Per capita income of $27006 (2000 and a Personal per capita income Mantoloking is a Borough in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. for the former municipality see Saddle River Township Bergen County New Jersey (Historical Saddle River is a Borough in Far Hills is a borough in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. Essex Fells is a borough in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Alpine is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. New Hanover Township is a Township in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. Lakewood CDP is a Census-designated place and unincorporated area located within Lakewood Township, in Ocean County, New Jersey. Bridgeton is a city in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States, in the south part of the state on Cohansey creek near Delaware Bay Fort Dix is a United States Army installation located in parts of New Hanover Township, Pemberton The City of Camden is the County seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. A large number of post-secondary education options are available in the State of New Jersey. 54% of high school graduates continue on to college, which is tied with Massachusetts for the second highest rate in the nation (North Dakota holds first place at 59%). The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. New Jersey also has the highest average scores for advanced placement testing in public schools in the nation. Secretary of Education Rick Rosenberg, appointed by Governor Jon Corzine, has created the Education Advancement Initiative (EAI) to increase College admission rates by 10% for New Jersey's high school students, decrease dropout rates by 15%, and increase the amount of money devoted to schools by 10%. Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1 1947 is the Governor of New Jersey and a former United States Senator Rosenberg was since forced to retract this plan when publicly criticized for taking the money out of healthcare to fund this initiative. New Jersey is ranked first in the nation in funding K-12 education but is ranked last in higher-education funding. [41] New Jersey is home to more scientists and engineers per square mile than anywhere else in the world. [42]

Recreation and entertainment

Jersey Shore
Kingda Ka, located at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey is the world’s tallest and fastest roller coaster.
Kingda Ka, located at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey is the world’s tallest and fastest roller coaster. Allenhurst is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Avalon is a borough in Cape May County, New Jersey, on Seven Mile Island. Avon-by-the-Sea is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States, although many of the vacationers and locals call it Avon Barnegat Township is a Township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. Bay Head is a Borough in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. Brigantine is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. Cape May, is a city at the southern tip of Cape May Peninsula in Cape May County, New Jersey, where the Delaware Bay meets the Cliffwood Beach is a Census-designated place and unincorporated area in Aberdeen Township, in Monmouth County, New Jersey and Forked River (pronounced fork'id river is a Census-designated place and unincorporated area located within Lacey Township, in Ocean County, Island Beach State Park is a New Jersey state park located just south of Seaside Park on the Barnegat Peninsula in Berkeley Township, Ocean Keansburg is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Keyport is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Long Beach Island (colloquially known as LBI) is a barrier island and Summer colony along the Atlantic Ocean coast of Ocean County Long Branch is a City in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Longport is a Borough in Atlantic County, New Jersey on the Atlantic Ocean shore of Absecon Island. Manasquan is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. See also other Margates Margate City is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey. Monmouth Beach is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Middletown Township is a township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Neptune New Jersey can refer to Neptune Township New Jersey Neptune City New Jersey Ocean City is a city in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. Ocean Grove is an unincorporated community and a Census-designated place in Neptune Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Oceanport is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Point Pleasant Beach is a Borough in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. The Borough of Red Bank is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey incorporated in 1908 Sandy Hook is a barrier peninsula, approximately 97 kilometers (between 6 and 7 miles in length and 800 meters (0 Sea Isle City is a city in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. Sea Bright is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Seaside Heights is a Borough in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. Seaside Park is a Borough in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. Spring Lake is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Stone Harbor is a borough in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The Township of Toms River is a large township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States, and the Union Beach is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Wall Township is a Township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The Wildwoods are a group of five municipalities in Cape May County, New Jersey, all of which are situated on the Island of Five Mile Beach a Barrier island Diamond Beach is a Census-designated place and unincorporated area located within Lower Township, in Cape May County, New Jersey. North Wildwood is a city located on the Jersey Shore in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. West Wildwood is a borough in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. Wildwood is a city in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. Wildwood Crest is a borough in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. Kingda Ka is a Roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township New Jersey, USA. Six Flags Great Adventure is a Theme park in Jackson Township, New Jersey, located 67 miles from New York City, 60 miles from Newark Jackson Township, named after Andrew Jackson, is a township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States.
The Izod Center.
The Izod Center. The Izod Center (formerly Brendan Byrne Arena, and later Continental Airlines Arena) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the
Along the boardwalk in Ocean City.
Along the boardwalk in Ocean City.
The Liberty Science Center in Jersey City.
The Liberty Science Center in Jersey City. Liberty Science Center is an Interactive Science museum and learning center located in Liberty State Park in Jersey City New Jersey. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.
The Tropicana along the Atlantic City casino strip.
The Tropicana along the Atlantic City casino strip.

Theme parks

Historic sites

Museums

Performing Arts

Camping and hiking

Nudism

Professional sports teams

New Jersey currently has five teams from major professional sports leagues playing in the state, although the Major League Soccer team and two National Football League teams identify as being from New York. Bowcraft Amusement Park or Bowcraft Playland is located on Route 22 West in Scotch Plains New Jersey, United States. The Land of Make Believe is an Amusement park in Hope Township, New Jersey, United States. Morey's Piers is an Amusement Park located in Wildwood New Jersey. Six Flags Great Adventure is a Theme park in Jackson Township, New Jersey, located 67 miles from New York City, 60 miles from Newark Mountain Creek Waterpark is a seasonal Water theme park located at Mountain Creek Ski Resort in Vernon Township New Jersey Clementon Park and Splash World, a small Amusement park located in Clementon New Jersey in Camden County New Jersey, United States right on The Indian King Tavern (also known as the Creighton House, or Creighton Tavern) was a colonial American tavern in Haddonfield, New Jersey which The Edison National Historic Site preserves Thomas Edison 's laboratory and residence Glenmont, in West Orange New Jersey. Ellis Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor Captain Emilio Carranza Rodriguez (1905 &ndash July 13, 1928) was a noted Mexican Aviator and national hero nicknamed the " Lindbergh Caldwell is a borough located in northwestern Essex County, New Jersey, about sixteen miles outside of New York Long Pond Ironworks State Park is located in the community of Hewitt, in West Milford, New Jersey, United States. Ringwood Manor was home to a number of well-known ironmasters from the 1740s to the late 19th century Monmouth Battlefield State Park is a 1810- Acre (732 km² New Jersey State park located on the border of Manalapan and Freehold Township Morristown National Historical Park consists of three sites the Ford Mansion Fort Nonsense and Jockey Hollow that were important during the American Revolutionary The Ford Mansion is part of the Morristown National Historical Park, and is located on a hilltop in Morristown, New Jersey. Fort Nonsense is one of three sites comprising the Morristown National Historical Park, in Morristown, New Jersey. Jockey Hollow is a unit of Morristown National Historical Park in New Jersey. See also New Jersey during the American Revolution New Bridge Landing was the site of a pivotal bridge crossing the Hackensack River, where General George The Old Dutch Parsonage is a historical house at 38 Washington Place in Somerville New Jersey. Background In the night after the Second Battle of Trenton, General Washington led the roughly 6000 man main body of his army stealthily away from Lieutenant Established in 1703 St Michael's Church in downtown Trenton New Jersey, is the founding parish of the Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey. Construction See also Iowa class battleship, Armament of the Iowa class battleship New Jersey was one of the ''Iowa''-class " The Wallace House is a Georgian style historic house in Somerville New Jersey. Walter Whitman (May 31 1819 &ndash March 26 1892 was an American poet, Essayist journalist, and humanist. Walter Whitman (May 31 1819 &ndash March 26 1892 was an American poet, Essayist journalist, and humanist. Not to be confused with Washington Crossing Historic Park, a Pennsylvania State park across the Delaware River near Yardley Pennsylvania Liberty Science Center is an Interactive Science museum and learning center located in Liberty State Park in Jersey City New Jersey. The Montclair Art Museum is located in Montclair, in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The Newark Museum is the largest Museum in New Jersey, USA. It holds fine collections of American art decorative arts and arts of Asia Africa the The Thomas Alva Edison Memorial Tower and Museum, also known as the Menlo Park Museum, is a memorial to Inventor and businessman Thomas Edison, located New Jersey Performing Arts Center ( NJPAC) located in the heart of an emerging downtown Newark, New Jersey, United States, is the sixth Paper Mill Playhouse is a Regional theatre located in Millburn, New Jersey, less than 25 miles away from Manhattan. The PNC Bank Arts Center is a modern Amphitheatre located in Holmdel Township New Jersey, USA. This article is about the sports arena in Newark New Jersey For the Boston Massachusetts complex see Prudential Tower. The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply The A South Mountain Reservation covers 204714 acres (8 km² in central Essex County, New Jersey, in portions of Maplewood, and Millburn and Gunnison Beach located in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States, is part of the Sandy Hook unit of the Gateway National Recreation '''Rock Lodge''' is a family-oriented nonprofit Nudist club located on of privately-owned land in the New Jersey Highlands of Northern New Jersey, about from Major League Soccer ( MLS) is the top-flight professional Soccer league in the United States and Canada with 14 teams 13 in the U The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league.

Three of the state's four major professional sports teams play at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The New Jersey Devils are a professional Ice hockey team based in Newark New Jersey. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. The New Jersey Nets are a professional Basketball team in the National Basketball Association that plays in the Eastern Conference 's Atlantic East Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Major League Soccer ( MLS) is the top-flight professional Soccer league in the United States and Canada with 14 teams 13 in the U Red Bull New York is an American professional soccer organization based in New Jersey that fields a team in Major League Soccer called the East Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Major League Lacrosse is a professional outdoor Lacrosse league that is made up of teams within the United States. The New Jersey Pride is a Lacrosse team formerly based in Piscataway New Jersey, USA. The Meadowlands Xanadu (also known as the Xanadu Project) is a 5-story retail and entertainment complex undergoing construction in the Meadowlands Sports Complex The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. The New York Giants are a professional American football team based in the New York City suburb of East Rutherford New Jersey. East Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The New York Jets are a professional American football team based in the New York metropolitan area. East Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The Jersey Express is a team in the Blue Conference (Eastern Conference of the American Basketball Association based in Morris County, New Jersey Madison is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, in the United States. The Continental Indoor Football League ( CIFL) is an indoor football league based along the Northeastern United States region The New Jersey Revolution is a charter member of the Continental Indoor Football League a professional indoor football league This article is about the Town of Morristown in New Jersey Other places in New Jersey with similar names are Morris Township, Morris Plains, and Moorestown Part of the History of baseball series Minor league baseball is a hierarchy of Professional baseball leagues in North The Lakewood BlueClaws are a minor league Baseball team affiliated with the Philadelphia Phillies. The New Jersey Jackals are a professional baseball team based in Little Falls New Jersey, in the United States. Montclair (mɒnʔ kɫeɚ or maŋ kleɚ is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The Sussex Skyhawks are a professional baseball team based in Augusta New Jersey; they are the defending champions of the Augusta is an unincorporated area located within Frankford Township, Sussex County, New Jersey. The Trenton Thunder are an American Minor League Baseball team and are the Double-A affiliate of the New York Yankees. The Atlantic City Surf is a professional baseball team based in Atlantic City New Jersey, in the United States. The Camden Riversharks are a professional baseball team based in Camden New Jersey, in the United States The Newark Bears are a professional baseball team based in Newark New Jersey, in the United States The Somerset Patriots are a professional baseball team based in Bridgewater Township New Jersey, in the United States Bridgewater Township is a township in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. The Bergen Cliff Hawks are a proposed minor league baseball team to be based in Bergen County New Jersey. The Meadowlands Xanadu (also known as the Xanadu Project) is a 5-story retail and entertainment complex undergoing construction in the Meadowlands Sports Complex The ECHL (formerly the East Coast Hockey League) is a Professional Ice hockey league based in Princeton New Jersey, with teams scattered The Trenton Devils are an ECHL team in Trenton New Jersey. They are owned by and affiliated with the NHL's New Jersey Devils and affiliated with the The Major Indoor Soccer League was the top professional Indoor soccer league in the USA. Current squad As of May 27 2008 Year-by-year Head coaches Omid Namazi (2007-present Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. The Meadowlands Sports Complex is a sports and entertainment facility located in East Rutherford, New Jersey, owned and operated by the New Jersey Sports and East Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The Nets play in the Izod Center, and the Giants and Jets play in Giants Stadium. The Izod Center (formerly Brendan Byrne Arena, and later Continental Airlines Arena) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the Giants Stadium, is the home Stadium for the New York Giants and New York Jets football teams of the NFL, and the Red Bull New The Meadowlands and its sports venues are widely considered to be outdated by today's professional sports standards. This led to the Devils move away from the Meadowlands to the new Prudential Center in Newark at the start of the 2007-08 seasons. This article is about the sports arena in Newark New Jersey For the Boston Massachusetts complex see Prudential Tower. Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States and the County seat of Essex County. The Nets also have plans to leave the Meadowlands for Brooklyn as soon as the Barclays Center is completed for them. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. The Barclays Center is a proposed sports Arena to be built partly on a platform over the Metropolitan Transportation Authority -owned Atlantic Yards at The Giants and Jets though announced in 2005 that they will be staying in the Meadowlands, and a new stadium for both teams should be ready by the 2010 season. The new stadium is part of the Xanadu Project taking shape at the sports complex. The Meadowlands Xanadu (also known as the Xanadu Project) is a 5-story retail and entertainment complex undergoing construction in the Meadowlands Sports Complex The Xanadu Project, when completed in 2008, will be the largest retail and entertainment complex in New Jersey.

The sports complex is also home to the Meadowlands Racetrack one of three major horse racing tracks in the state. The Meadowlands Racetrack is a Horse racing track at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, New Jersey, United States. This article is about the sport For other uses see Horserace (drinking game or Horse race (politics. The Meadowlands Racetrack along with Freehold Raceway in Freehold are two of the major harness racing tracks in North America. Freehold Raceway is a half-mile racetrack in Freehold Borough, New Jersey. Also see Freehold Township. Freehold Borough is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, Harness racing is a form of Horse-racing in which the horses race in a specified gait Monmouth Park Racetrack in Oceanport, is also a popular spot for thoroughbred racing in New Jersey and the northeast. History The original track opened July 30, 1870 on what is now the site of the Fort Monmouth parade ground but was closed from 1873 to 1881 due to Oceanport is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Thoroughbred horse racing is a worldwide Sport and Industry involving the racing of Thoroughbred Horses It is governed by different national It hosted the Breeders' Cup in 2007, and its turf course was renovated in preparation. The Breeders' Cup World Championships is an annual series of Grade I Thoroughbred horse races operated by Breeders' Cup Limited a company formed in 1982

Collegiate sports teams

New Jersey's collegiate allegiances are more or less split among the two major Division 1 programs in the state- the Rutgers University (which is New Jersey's official state university) Scarlet Knights and the Seton Hall University (which is the state's largest Roman Catholic university) Pirates. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey (also known as Rutgers University) is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey Both compete in the Big East Conference, and the rivalry between the two teams has always been an intense one. The Big East Conference is a collegiate athletics conference consisting of seventeen Universities in the northeastern southeastern and midwestern United

Rutgers, which fields 24 teams from various sports, is nationally known for its excellent football and women's basketball programs. The university is planning a large expansion to the on-campus Rutgers Stadium to accomodate the rising number of fans, and the teams play in Piscataway, which is adjacent to the New Brunswick campus. Rutgers Stadium is the home stadium for the football program at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey. Piscataway may refer to Piscataway Indian Nation, a Native American tribal nation in Maryland Piscataway language Piscataway The university also fields rising basketball and baseball programs. Rutgers' fan base is mostly derived from the western parts of the state and Middlesex county, not to mention its alumni base, which is the largest in the state. Middlesex is one of the 39 historic counties of England and the second smallest by area.

Seton Hall, unlike Rutgers, does not field a football team. However, their basketball team has been one of the most storied programs in the Big East, and they play their home games at the state-of-the-art Prudential Center, located in downtown Newark. This article is about the sports arena in Newark New Jersey For the Boston Massachusetts complex see Prudential Tower. Newark may refer to Places Canada Niagara-on-the-Lake Ontario, once called Newark (population 13839 at the 2001 census The Pirates, while lacking as large of an alumni base as the state university, have a large well of support in the predominantly Roman Catholic areas of the northern part of the state and the Jersey Shore. The Jersey Shore is a term used in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States to refer to the both Atlantic coast of New Jersey and the adjacent resort

Gambling

In 1978, the New Jersey legislature approved casino gambling in Atlantic City. At that time, Las Vegas was the only mega-casino resort. Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally By 1978, Atlantic City was in decline. It was no longer the seaside resort that it once was. With the institution of casino gambling, Atlantic City has come back as a resort city. There are numerous famous casinos, with its main contributor being Donald Trump. Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American Business magnate, Socialite, Television personality, and Many lie along the Atlantic City Boardwalk, the longest known boardwalk throughout the Jersey Shore.


Trivia

A diner in Freehold
A diner in Freehold

Legends and ghosts

A long-circulated legend says a creature, the Jersey Devil or the Leeds Devil, terrorizes the population of the Pine Barrens. The Jersey Devil, sometimes called the Leeds Devil, is a Legendary creature or Cryptid said to inhabit the Pine Barrens in southern New The Pine Barrens, also known as the Pinelands, is a heavily forested area covering 1 The New Jersey Devils are named for this mythical creature. The New Jersey Devils are a professional Ice hockey team based in Newark New Jersey. New Jersey is also home to several other legends, such as the ghost of Annie's Road in Totowa and the haunted and demon-possessed Clinton Road in West Milford. Annie's Road is the section of Riverview Drive between Totowa Road and Union Boulevard in Totowa New Jersey. Totowa (ˈtotəwə is a borough in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. Clinton Road is located in West Milford, Passaic County, New Jersey. West Milford is a township in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. Cooper Road in Middletown is assumed haunted by strange, ghostly people who jump out from behind trees at cars traveling down the unpaved, portion of the road. Middletown Township is a township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The unpaved section has no street lights and thus is very dangerous as it has sharp turns where the ghostly people, are assumed to jump in front of the cars from behind trees causing them to crash. There is also the Atco Ghost—the ghost of a little boy runs across the street late at night in Atco. Atco is an unincorporated area in Waterford Township in Camden County, New Jersey, United States, in the Philadelphia - It is also rumored that Jimmy Hoffa, the late leader of the Teamsters Union, is buried beneath Giants Stadium or the New Jersey Turnpike. James Riddle ("Jimmy" Hoffa ( February 14, 1913 - disappeared July 30, 1975, exact TemplateInfobox Union for usage-->The International Brotherhood of Teamsters ( IBT) formerly known by the Giants Stadium, is the home Stadium for the New York Giants and New York Jets football teams of the NFL, and the Red Bull New The New Jersey Turnpike (or simply The Turnpike as it is known to New Jersey residents is a Toll road in New Jersey and is one of the most heavily traveled However, on the popular television show MythBusters, the myth of Jimmy Hoffa being buried under Giants Stadium was debunked using ground penetrating radar. MythBusters is a Popular science Television program produced by Australian firm Beyond Television Productions originally for the Ground-penetrating radar ( GPR) is a geophysical method that uses Radar pulses to image the subsurface

The magazine Weird NJ (the creators of which later started Weird U.S.) had started to catalog and explore the ghosts, legends, and prevalence of otherwise "weird" things in the state. Weird NJ ( WNJ) is the title of a biannual Magazine and two paranormal guides that chronicle local Legends Hauntings Weird US is a Reality television series on the History Channel starring Mark Moran

Media

Newspapers

There are many major New Jersey newspapers including:

  • Asbury Park Press
  • Bridgeton News
  • Burlington County Times
  • Courier Post
  • Cranford Chronicle
  • Daily Record (Morris). The Asbury Park Press is the major daily Newspaper in Monmouth and Ocean counties of New Jersey The Bridgeton News is a daily Newspaper in Bridgeton, New Jersey, United States. The Burlington County Times is a Daily newspaper located in Willingboro Township New Jersey, USA. The Courier-Post is a daily Newspaper in Cherry Hill Township, New Jersey, United States. See also Daily Record for other newspapers with the same name The Daily Record is a seven-day morning daily Newspaper [46]
  • The Express-Times
  • Gloucester County Times
  • Herald News
  • Hunterdon County Democrat
  • Independent Press
  • Jersey Journal
  • The New Jersey Herald. The Express-Times is a daily newspaper published in Easton Pennsylvania, with an emphasis on local news The Gloucester County Times (GCT is a daily Newspaper in Woodbury, New Jersey, United States. The Herald News is a newspaper published by North Jersey Media Group, which also publishes its sister paper The Record. The Jersey Journal is a Newspaper published from Jersey City, New Jersey. The New Jersey Herald is a Newspaper published six days (Sunday-Friday every week [47]
  • The Ocean County Observer
  • The Press of Atlantic City
  • The Record[48]
  • The Record-Press and Suburban News
  • The Reporter (Somerset)
  • The Star-Ledger
  • Today's Sunbeam
  • Trentonian (Mercer)
  • The Warren Reporter
  • "The Trenton Times"

Television and film

Main article: Television and film of New Jersey

Music

Main article: Music of New Jersey

New Jersey has long been an important area for both rock and rap music. Some of the most renowned musicians from New Jersey are Hoboken native Frank Sinatra, who was one of the most popular singers of the 20th century and The Four Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Some prominent musicians from or with significant connections to New Jersey are:

State symbols

State animal Horse
(Equus caballus)
State bird American Goldfinch
(Carduelis tristis)
State freshwater fish Brook trout
(Salvelinus fontinalis)
State dance Square dance
State insect European honey bee
(Apis mellifera)
State flower Common meadow violet
(Viola sororia)
State motto "Liberty and Prosperity"
State song None[49]
State tree Northern Red Oak
(Quercus borealis maxima)
(syn. Cobra Starship is a band created by former Midtown bassist/lead vocalist Gabe Saporta. A state mammal is the official or representative Animal of a U The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. This is a list of US state birds as designated by each state's legislature The American Goldfinch ( Carduelis tristis) also known as the Eastern Goldfinch and Wild Canary, is a North American Bird in the This is a list of official and *unofficial US state fish:The only states lacking a state fish as of 2008 are Arkansas Indiana Kansas and Ohio The brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, (sometimes called the eastern brook trout, Adirondack coaster lake trout) is a Species of Fish This is a list of official US state dances: See also Lists of U Square dance is a Folk dance with four couples (eight dancers arranged in a square with one couple on each side beginning with Couple 1 facing away from the music and going This is a list of United States state insects note that some states have more than one designated insect or have multiple categories (e This is a list of US state flowers: See also List of US state trees Lists of U Viola sororia, also known as the Common Blue Violet, is a perennial flowering Plant that is native to eastern North America. Here is a list of state Mottos for the states of the United States of America. Liberty, the freedom to act or believe without being stopped by unnecessary force Wealth derives from the old English word "weal" which means "well-being Introduction Forty-nine states of the United States (all except New Jersey) have one or more state songs, selected by the state This List of US state trees includes official trees of the following states and U The Northern Red Oak or Champion Oak, Quercus rubra ( syn Quercus borealis) is an Oak in the red oak group ( Quercus rubra)
State dinosaur Hadrosaurus foulkii
State soil Downer
State color Buff and Jersey Blue
State ship A. J. Meerwald
State fruit Northern highbush blueberry
(Vaccinium corymbosum)
State vegetable Jersey tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum)
State shell Knobbed whelk
(Busycon carica gmelin)
State memorial tree Dogwood
(Cornus Florida)
State slogan Come See For Yourself


See also

References

  1. ^ The Garden State and Other New Jersey State Nicknames, Robert Lupp, New Jersey Reference Services, New Jersey State Library, October 12, 1994
  2. ^ a b Elevations and Distances in the United States. Most American states have made a state fossil designation in many cases during the 1980s. Hadrosaurus (ˌhædroʊˈsɔrəs from Greek: ἁδρος hadros + σαυρος sauros = sturdy lizard) is a dubious This is a list of Representative US State Soils. A state soil is a Soil that has special significance to a particular state. Downer is the New Jersey State soil. The Downer has four Soil horizons Surface Layer dark grayish brown loamy sand Subsurface This is a list of US state colors: See also Lists of US state insignia This is a list of official state ships as designated by each state's legislature See also List of US state ships This is a list of official US state foods: Northern Highbush Blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum) is a species of Blueberry native to eastern North America, growing from Nova Scotia and This is a list of official US state foods: The tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum, syn Lycopersicon lycopersicum) is a herbaceous usually sprawling plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family This is a list of official state shells: See also Lists of US The knobbed whelk, Busycon carica, is a Species of very large Predatory sea Snail, or in the USA a Whelk, a marine The Dogwoods comprise a group of 30-50 species of mostly Deciduous Woody plants growing as Shrubs and Trees some species are herbaceous perennial This list of US state slogans is made up the Advertising slogans currently and formerly used by U See also New Jersey This is a list of articles related to the U U. S Geological Survey (29 April 2005). Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on November 6, 2006.
  3. ^ In the event of a vacancy in the office of Governor, the President of the State Senate is first in line for succession. The New Jersey Senate is the Upper house of the New Jersey Legislature.
  4. ^ NJ History Outline
  5. ^ Geological History by Great Swamp Watershed Association, retrieved December 22, 2005. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  6. ^ Streissguth pg 30-36
  7. ^ Klinghoffer and Elkis ("The Petticoat Electors: Women’s Suffrage in New Jersey, 1776-1807. " Journal of the Early Republic 12, no. 2 (1992): 159-193. )
  8. ^ Our History
  9. ^ Camp Merritt
  10. ^ Camp Kilmer
  11. ^ Gerdes, Louise I. The 1930s, Greenhaven Press, Inc. , 2000.
  12. ^ U.S. Census Bureau (2007-05-17). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. 2006 Population Estimates. Retrieved on 2007-05-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
  13. ^ a b c U. S. Census Bureau (2006-12-15). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Population Change for the United States, Regions and States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 (NST-EST2006-04) (Microsoft Excel). Retrieved on 2007-05-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
  14. ^ Migration Policy Institute. The Migration Policy Institute is a Washington DC -based Think tank established in 2001 by Kathleen Newland and Demetrios G Percent Foreign Born by State (1990, 2000, 2005) (Microsoft Excel). MPI Data Hub: Migration Facts, Stats, and Maps.
  15. ^ The richest (and poorest) places in the U.S.: 2007
  16. ^ Population and Population Centers by State: 2000, accessed November 16, 2006
  17. ^ Jewish Population of the United States by State. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Jewish Virtual Library (2002).
  18. ^ The Foreign Born from India in the United States, dated December 1, 2003
  19. ^ Census 2000 PHC-T-6. Population by Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin for the United States, Regions, Divisions, States, Puerto Rico, and Places of 100,000 or More Population: Table 2. Percent of Population by Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin, for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States, and for Puerto Rico: 2000PDF (10. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 6 KiB)
  20. ^ Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S. Diversity (Microsoft Excel)
  21. ^ Ancestry: 2000 — Census 2000 BriefPDF (468 KiB)
  22. ^ Md. is ranked as richest state
  23. ^ Metropolitan Areas and Components, 1999, with FIPS codes
  24. ^ a b c d Census 2000 Brief
  25. ^ Modern Language Association
  26. ^ Mayer, Egon; Kosmin, Barry A. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International , Keysar, Ariela (2001). American Religious Identification Survey, Key Findings, Exhibit 15. City University of New York. The City University of New York (CUNY Acronym ˈkjuːni is the public University system of New York City. Retrieved on January 4, 2007.
  27. ^ Bureau of Economic AnalysisPDF
  28. ^ Bureau of Economic Analysis
  29. ^ New Jersey Real Estate Report » NJ facing $3b budget deficit.. No new taxes?
  30. ^ Fortune 500 2007 - States: New Jersey (2007-03-30). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Retrieved on 2007-05-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
  31. ^ link Chart of State to Federal government spend/receive ratios, Tax Foundation
  32. ^ link Tax Burdens in New Jersey
  33. ^ George Washington Bridge turns 75 years old: Huge flag, cake part of celebration, Times Herald-Record, October 24, 2006. The Tax Foundation is a Washington-DC-based The Times Herald-Record, often referred to as The Record in its coverage area is a daily Newspaper published in Middletown, New York Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "The party, however, will be small in comparison to the one that the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey organized for 5,000 people to open the bridge to traffic in 1931. And it won't even be on what is now the world's busiest bridge for fear of snarling traffic. "
  34. ^ George Washington Bridge turns 75 years old: Huge flag, cake part of celebration, Times Herald-Record, October 24, 2006. The Times Herald-Record, often referred to as The Record in its coverage area is a daily Newspaper published in Middletown, New York Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "The party, however, will be small in comparison to the one that the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey organized for 5,000 people to open the bridge to traffic in 1931. And it won't even be on what is now the world's busiest bridge for fear of snarling traffic. "
  35. ^ Supreme Court of New Jersey
  36. ^ Small Towns in N.J. Told to Merge or Face Cuts
  37. ^ SurveyUSA Pro-Life vs. Pro Choice Sorted by State
  38. ^ Garden State Equality Poll Results from surveys done April 12 - April 14, 2005
  39. ^ http://www.nraila.org/statelawpdfs/NJSL.pdfPDF (176 KiB)
  40. ^ [1] Hester Jr. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A kibibyte (a contraction of ki lo bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, established by the International , Tom (2007) N. J. Bans Death Penalty for Associated Press
  41. ^ New Jersey Association of State Colleges and Universities: Policy Outlook January 7 newsPDF (533 KiB)
  42. ^ Delaware / Hudson Valley Hot Spot for biotechnology
  43. ^ 50states.com: New Jersey Facts and Trivia
  44. ^ The History of the New Jersey State Song?
  45. ^ The Associated Press: NJ Tops US in Number of Millionaires
  46. ^ NJ.com: New Jersey Advertising
  47. ^ The New Jersey Herald: Top Stories
  48. ^ NorthJersey.com: providing local news, sports & classifieds for Northern New Jersey!
  49. ^ State of New Jersey - FAQs

External links


Preceded by
Pennsylvania		 List of U.S. states by date of statehood
Ratified Constitution on December 18, 1787 (3rd)		 Succeeded by
Georgia

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of U The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1787 ( MDCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule

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New Jersey

-proper noun

  1. A northeast state of the United States of America. Capital: Trenton.
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