|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- See also: Hebrides (disambiguation)
New Hebrides was the colonial name for an island group in the South Pacific that now forms the nation of Vanuatu. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The Australian dollar ( sign: $; code: AUD) is the Currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas The franc was the currency of the Anglo-French Condominium of the Pacific island group of the New Hebrides (which became Vanuatu in 1980 An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu ( French: République de Vanuatu, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu) is an Island The New Hebrides were colonized by both the British and French in the 18th century shortly after Captain James Cook visited the islands. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and The two countries eventually signed an agreement making the islands an Anglo-French condominium, which lasted from 1906 until 1980, when the New Hebrides gained their independence as Vanuatu. In International law, a condominium (plural either condominia, as in Latin or condominiums is a political territory (state or border area in or over which two or Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu ( French: République de Vanuatu, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu) is an Island
The Condominium divided the New Hebrides into two separate communities — one Anglophone and one Francophone. An Anglophone (or anglophone) is someone who speaks the English language. The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French -speaking typically as primary language whether referring to individuals groups or places This divide continues even after independence, with schools either teaching in one language or the other, and between different political parties.
Politics and Government
The New Hebrides were a unique form of colonial territory in which sovereignty was shared by two great powers - Britain and France - instead of exercised by just one. Under the Condominium there were three separate governments - one French, one British, and one joint administration that was partially elected after 1975.
The French and British governments were called residencies, each headed by a resident appointed by the metropolitan government. The residency structure emphasized dualism to the point of near absurdity - both consisted of an equal number of French and British representatives, bureaucrats and administrators. Every member of one residency always had an exact mirror opposite number on the other side he could consult with. The symmetry between the two residencies was almost perfect.
The joint government consisted of both local and European officials. It had juristiction over the postal service, public radio station, public works, infrastructure, and censuses, among other things. The two main cities of Santo and Port Vila also had city councils, but these did not have a great deal of authority.
Local people could choose whether to be tried under the British common law or the French civil law. Visitors could choose which immigration rules to enter under. Nationals of one country could set up corporations under the laws of the other. In addition to these two legal systems, a third Native Court existed to handle cases involving Melanesian customary law. Oddly, the presiding judge of the Native Court was appointed by the King of Spain, not by the British or the French.
There were two prison systems to complement the two court systems. The police force was technically unified but consisted of two chiefs and two equal groups of officers wearing two different uniforms. Each group alternated duties and assignments.
Language was a serious barrier to the operation of this naturally inefficient system, as all documents had to be translated once to be understood by one side, then the response translated again to be understood by the other, though Bislama creole represented an informal bridge between the British and the French camps.
References
Peck, John G. ; Robert J. Gregory (2005). "A Brief Overview of the Old New Hebrides" (PDF). Palmerston North, New Zealand: School of Psychology, Massey University.
See also
The history off Vanuatu begins obscurely The commonly held theory of Vanuatu 's Prehistory from archaeological evidence supports that peoples speaking Austronesian New Hebrides was the colonial name for an Island group in the South Pacific, now called Vanuatu.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic