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Neutronium is a term originally used in science fiction and in popular literature to refer to an extremely dense phase of matter composed primarily of neutrons. In the Physical sciences a phase is a Set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties This article is a discussion of neutrons in general For the specific case of a neutron found outside the nucleus see Free neutron. The word was coined by scientist Andreas von Antropoff in 1926 (i. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. e. before the discovery of the neutron itself) for the conjectured 'element of atomic number zero' that he placed at the head of the periodic table. This article is a discussion of neutrons in general For the specific case of a neutron found outside the nucleus see Free neutron. [1][2] However, the meaning of the term has changed over time, and from the last half of the 20th century onward it has been used legitimately to refer to extremely dense phases of matter resembling the neutron-degenerate matter postulated to exist in the cores of neutron stars. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Degenerate matter is matter which has sufficiently high Density that the dominant contribution to its Pressure rises from the Pauli Exclusion A neutron star is a type of remnant that can result from the Gravitational collapse of a massive Star during a Type II, Type Ib or Type

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Neutronium and neutron stars

Main article: neutron star

The term neutronium is used in popular literature to refer to the material present in the cores of neutron stars (stars which are too massive to be supported by electron degeneracy pressure and which collapse into a denser phase of matter). A neutron star is a type of remnant that can result from the Gravitational collapse of a massive Star during a Type II, Type Ib or Type A neutron star is a type of remnant that can result from the Gravitational collapse of a massive Star during a Type II, Type Ib or Type Electron degeneracy pressure is a consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that two Fermions cannot occupy the same Quantum state at the This term is very rarely used in scientific literature, for two reasons:

When neutron star core material is presumed to consist mostly of free neutrons, it is typically referred to as neutron-degenerate matter in scientific literature.

Neutronium and the periodic table

The term neutronium was coined in 1926 by Professor Andreas von Antropoff for a conjectured form of matter made up of neutrons with no protons, which he placed as the chemical element of atomic number zero at the head of his new version of the periodic table. This article is a discussion of neutrons in general For the specific case of a neutron found outside the nucleus see Free neutron. The proton ( Greek πρῶτον / proton "first" is a Subatomic particle with an Electric charge of one positive A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. See also List of elements by atomic number In Chemistry and Physics, the atomic number (also known as the proton The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the Chemical elements Although precursors to this table exist its invention is It was subsequently placed as a noble gas in the middle of several spiral representations of the periodic system for classifying the chemical elements, such as the Chemical Galaxy (2005). History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity Chemical Galaxy is a new representation by Philip Stewart of the periodic system of the elements better known in tabular form as the Periodic table, based on It is thought to be the first element that emerged after the big bang. The Big Bang is the cosmological model of the Universe that is best supported by all lines of scientific evidence and Observation.

Although the term is not used in the scientific literature either for a condensed form of matter, or as an element, there have been reports that, besides the free neutron, there may exist two bound forms of neutrons without protons. A free neutron is a Neutron that exists outside of an Atomic nucleus. However, these reports have not been further substantiated. Further information can be found in the following articles:

A trineutron state consisting of three bound neutrons has not been detected, and is not expected to be stable even for a short time. Calculations indicate that the hypothetical pentaneutron state, consisting of a cluster of five neutrons, would not be bound.

And so on, through the numbers, up to icosaneutron, with 20 neutrons. [3]

If one accepts neutronium to be an element, the above mentioned neutron clusters would be the isotopes of that element. Isotopes (Greek isos = "equal" tópos = "site place" are any of the different types of atoms ( Nuclides

Neutronium in fiction

The term neutronium has been popular in science fiction since at least the middle of the 20th century. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on It typically refers to an extremely dense, incredibly strong form of matter. While presumably inspired by the concept of neutron-degenerate matter in the cores of neutron stars, the material used in fiction bears at most only a superficial resemblance, usually depicted as an extremely strong solid under Earthlike conditions. Degenerate matter is matter which has sufficiently high Density that the dominant contribution to its Pressure rises from the Pauli Exclusion A neutron star is a type of remnant that can result from the Gravitational collapse of a massive Star during a Type II, Type Ib or Type EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 In contrast, all proposed forms of neutron star core material are fluids and are extremely unstable at pressures lower than that found in stellar cores). A neutron star is a type of remnant that can result from the Gravitational collapse of a massive Star during a Type II, Type Ib or Type FLUID ( F ast L ight '''U'''ser '''I'''nterface D esigner is a graphical editor that is used to produce FLTK Source code Pressure (symbol 'p' is the force per unit Area applied to an object in a direction perpendicular to the surface A star is a massive luminous ball of plasma. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the source of most of the Energy on Earth

Noteworthy appearances of neutronium in fiction include the following:

See also

References

  1. ^ von Antropoff, A. A neutron star is a type of remnant that can result from the Gravitational collapse of a massive Star during a Type II, Type Ib or Type Degenerate matter is matter which has sufficiently high Density that the dominant contribution to its Pressure rises from the Pauli Exclusion In Astronomy, the term compact star (sometimes compact object) is used to refer collectively to White dwarfs Neutron stars other exotic (1926). "Eine neue Form des periodischen Systems der Elementen." (PDF). Z. Angew. Chem. 39 (23): 722–725. doi:10.1002/ange.19260392303. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  2. ^ Stewart, Philip J. (October 2007). "A century on from Dmitrii Mendeleev: tables and spirals, noble gases and Nobel prizes". Foundations of Chemistry 9 (3): 235-245. doi:10.1007/s10698-007-9038-x. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  3. ^ Bevelacqua, J. J. (June 11, 1981). Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 "Particle stability of the pentaneutron". Physics Letters B 102 (2–3): 79–80.  

Bibliography

Dictionary

neutronium

-noun

  1. (physics) the supposed material composed entirely of neutrons that composes a neutron star
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