Neurofunk is a sub-genre of drum and bass pioneered by producers Ed Rush, Optical and Matrix,^[1][2][3] between 1997 and 1998 in London, England as a progression of techstep. Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Techstep is a subgenre of Drum and bass that was popular in the late 1990s House music is a style of Electronic dance music initially popularized in mid-1980s Discothèques catering to the African-American, Latino Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Techno is a form of Electronic dance music (EDM that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, USA during the mid to late 1980s Dark ambient is a subgenre of Ambient music that features foreboding ominous or discordant overtones This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1990 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A music sequencer (also MIDI sequencer or just sequencer) is software or hardware designed to create and manage computer-generated music For the early "drum machine" computers that used a rotating cylinder as their main memory see Drum memory A drum machine is an A sampler is an electronic musical instrument closely related to a Synthesizer. A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a Musical keyboard. A laptop computer, also known as a notebook computer, is a small Personal computer designed for mobile use. This is a list of Electronic music genres sub-genres and styles though for the latter not all possess their own article (in which case see the main genre article This is a list of jungle and Drum and bass artists. This includes artists who have either been very important to the genre or have had a considerable amount of In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing Ed Rush is the recording name of Ben Settle a prominent jungle / Techstep / Neurofunk DJ, who often produces tracks in collaboration with Optical Optical is the pseudonym of Matt Quinn a renowned Drum and bass producer and DJ from England. Matrix is the pseudonym of London based record producer and DJ Jamie Quinn Events January January 9 - David Bowie performs his 50th Birthday Bash concert This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1998 London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Progressive electronic dance music (often referred to as just progressive) usually refers to differentiate various offshoot styles of Electronic dance music from Techstep is a subgenre of Drum and bass that was popular in the late 1990s It was further developed by juxtaposed elements of heavier and darker forms of funk with multiple influences ranging from techno, house and jazz, distinguished by consecutive stabs over the bassline and rhythmically structured by razor-sharp back beats where highly nuanced, dark ambient production is prominent. Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Techno is a form of Electronic dance music (EDM that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, USA during the mid to late 1980s House music is a style of Electronic dance music initially popularized in mid-1980s Discothèques catering to the African-American, Latino Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States In Music, a stab is a single Staccato chord that adds dramatic impact to a composition A bassline (also spelled bass line) is the term used in many styles of Popular music, such as jazz blues funk and electronic Music for the low-pitched Meter or metre is a concept related to an underlying division of time characteristic of western music In Music, back beat (also backbeat) is a term applied both to a specific style of Rhythmic Accentuation with accent on even Dark ambient is a subgenre of Ambient music that features foreboding ominous or discordant overtones The sound of neurofunk's early evolution – when diverging from techstep – can be heard on Ed Rush & Optical's track "Funktion" for V Recordings, and their first album "Wormhole" for Virus Recordings in 1998. For the album by The Jam see Sound Affects. Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced Sounds Multitrack recording ('multitracking' or just 'tracking' for short is a method of Sound recording that allows for the separate recording of multiple sound sources to create V Recordings is a Drum and bass Record label, based in London. Virus Recordings is an influential UK -based Drum and bass Record label, specialising in the Techstep and Neurofunk sub-genres The first mention of the term was in the book Energy Flash: A Journey Through Rave Music and Dance Culture by Simon Reynolds^[3][4] where he coined the name as the result of his personal perception of stylistic shifts in techstep – back beats replacing breakbeats, funk harmonies replacing industrial timbres and lack of emphasis on the drop – by refering to them as, "(Neurofunk) is the fun-free culmination of jungle's strategy of cultural resistance: the eroticization of anxiety". A rave (or rave party) is a term in use since the 1980s to describe Dance Parties (often all-night events Synonyms Since around the mid-1980s electronic dance music has enjoyed popularity in many Nightclubs and as of 2006 is the predominant type of music played in Simon Reynolds (born 1963 in London, England; raised in Hertfordshire) is an English Music critic who is well-known for his writings on Breakbeat (sometimes breakbeats or breaks) is a term used to describe a collection of sub- genres of Electronic music, usually characterized In Western music, harmony is the use of different pitches simultaneously and chords actual or implied in Music. Industrial music is a loose term for a number of different styles of Experimental music, especially but not necessarily Electronic music. In Music, timbre (ˈtæm-bər' like timber, or, from Fr timbre tɛ̃bʁ is the quality of a Musical note or sound that distinguishes different The drop is the point in a track where a switch of Rhythm or Bassline occurs and usually follows a recognizable build section and "breakdown"

Overview

Psycho album by Phace on Subtitles (2007). Phace is a Drum and bass duo from Germany. Their style is Neurofunk, and they have released on Subtitles Recordings, Renegade Hardware Subtitles Music is a Drum and bass label founded in 2000 by Norwegian producers Teebee and Polar. This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2007

Since the early stages of the sub-genre when Optical originated the style with his track "To shape the Future" (Metalheadz/1997), Konflict^[2] redefined its sound and structure into a harsher, more stripped-down form with a stronger techno influence at the forefront of their tracks such as "The Beckoning" (Renegade Hardware/1999), setting a certain standard for 21st century producers to follow suit. Metalheadz is a pioneering Drum and bass record label based in the United Kingdom. Kemal & Rob Data are a Scottish Drum & Bass DJ/production duo The structures or Musical forms of Songs in Popular music are typically sectional forms such as Strophic form. Renegade Hardware is one of the major Record labels in the Drum and bass music industry See also 1999 in music (UK Musical groups established in 1999 Record The 21st century is the current century of the Christian Era or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. In 2001, Sinthetix, Cause 4 Concern, and Silent Witness & Break took Konflict's edgy, minimalist approach to production with emphasis on colder, precision beat engineering, harder stabs over the bassline, sharper mixdowns and simultaneously, advancing the development of sound design between 2002 and 2004 along with Gridlok, Corrupt Souls, Noisia, Phace, and The Upbeats. See also 2001 in music (UK Musical groups established in 2001 Record labels Cause 4 Concern (C4C is a Drum and bass recording and production group consisting of Ed Holmes Mark Clements Stuart Perkins and Toby Bu Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design especially Visual art and music, where the work is stripped down to its most fundamental features For the early "drum machine" computers that used a rotating cylinder as their main memory see Drum memory A drum machine is an Audio engineering is a part of audio science dealing with the recording and reproduction of Sound through mechanical and electronic means Audio mixing is the process by which a multitude of sound sources are combined into one or more channels Sound design is a technical/conceptually creative field It covers all non-compositional elements of a film a play a music performance This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2002 See also 2004 in music (UK Musical groups established in 2004 Record labels Ryan Powell, also known as Gridlok, is an American Drum and bass producer and DJ. Corrupt Souls was a Drum and bass group from Washington DC, United States. NOISIA is a Dutch Electronic music trio consisting of members Nik Roos, Martijn van Sonderen and Thijs de Vlieger from Groningen Phace is a Drum and bass duo from Germany. Their style is Neurofunk, and they have released on Subtitles Recordings, Renegade Hardware Gridlok, however, worked on sampling, big band horn arrangements during his period on Violence Recordings, further bridging its jazz fusion influence yet, maintaining the crucial elements of classic neurofunk dissonance and minimalism in his music. In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording A big band is a type of Musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late In Music, an arrangement refers either to a rewriting of a piece of existing Music with additional new material or to a fleshing-out of a compositional sketch such Violence Recordings is a Drum and bass Record label based out of San Francisco, USA. Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly

As the sub-genre developed during its course, with artists starting as purists but later changing their musical direction into broader musical settings, new artists have emerged to fill the vacuum, re-energizing the sound by taking production back to its roots where grittier, dark funk harmonies and wah-wah pedal distortion effects were quite often used upfront on tracks, along with neurofunk orientated new labels and internet forums designed to release and promote the music. A wah-wah pedal (or just wah pedal) is a type of Guitar Effects pedal that alters the tone of the signal to create a distinctive effect intended to mimic In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Between 2005 and 2008, developing artists with small but consistent set of releases such as Misanthrop, Axiom, Mindscape, Catacomb, Rregula, Dementia and Cern, in combination with DSCI4, Syndrome Audio, Subtitles, Full Force, Symptom and SLR labels were viewed as the most challenging producers and cutting edge outlets within the scene, as neurofunk's first ten-year period came to a closure in 2008. Events January 1 - In most of Europe copyright expired on a number of classic pop and rock-and-roll songs recorded in 1954 and earlier including This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2008 DSCI4 is a UK -based Techstep and Neurofunk orientated Record label, owned and run by Duncan Hutchinson aka DJ Trace. Subtitles Music is a Drum and bass label founded in 2000 by Norwegian producers Teebee and Polar. This article is about the Amiga demo for other uses see State of the art (disambiguation. For the term in biology see Subculture (biology. For the song by New Order see Sub-culture (song.

Between 2007 and 2008, a decade after the pioneering artists first established its technical soundscape,^[2] the sub-genre was enhanced with a series of diverse, foward thinking debut albums set to redefine its concept production with the rough-cut antics of Break The System by Gridlok (Project 51/CD/2007); the minimal techno-funk fueled, Psycho by Phace (Subtitles Music/2007); the blending of rhythmic guitar chord progressions on Black Lotus by Mindscape (Citrus Recordings/2007); the melodic and highly experimental, My Light Year by Telemetrik (BSE Recordings/2008); and the grunge-toned, accelerated punk-funk of Nobody's Out There by The Upbeats (Bad Taste Recordings/2008). This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2007 This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2008 A soundscape is a Sound or combination of sounds that forms or arises from an immersive environment. Mastering, a form of audio Post-production, is the process of preparing and transferring recorded audio from a source containing the final mix to a Data storage device Minimal techno is a form of Electronic dance music (EDM that is considered a minimalist sub- Genre of Techno. A chord progression (also chord sequence and harmonic progression or sequence) is a series of chords played in order In Music, a melody (from Greek μελῳδία - melōidía, "singing chanting" also tune, voice, or Experimental music is a term introduced by composer John Cage in 1955 Black Sun Empire Recordings is a Dutch Drum and bass Record label run by production trio Micha Heyboer Milan Heyboer & Rene Verdult aka Black Sun In Music, timbre (ˈtæm-bər' like timber, or, from Fr timbre tɛ̃bʁ is the quality of a Musical note or sound that distinguishes different

Silent Witness & Break began producing groundbreaking tracks when being recruited by legendary No U-Turn^[3] label founder/producer Nico, who released their first 12-inch singles "Contact" and "Higher Rates" (No U-Turn Recordings/2002 and 2003), with Silent Witness eventually establishing his own DNAudio imprint in 2003 with label partner, DJ Squire as an outlet for his tunes, alongside Break's and Survival's. No U-Turn Recordings is a UK -based Record label owned and run by Nico ( Nicholas Kristian Sykes) See also 2003 in music (UK Musical groups established in 2003 Record labels A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience As DNAudio became an extension of No U-Turn's dark, pioneering techstep and neurofunk sounds, Silent Witness & Break have since combined both sub-genres as an exclusive, DNAudio signature approach to neurofunk while Break, often using stark, amen influenced breakbeats in his solo tunes as tools for bridging the gap between different styles and different periods of time in the wider spectrum of drum and bass. The "Amen break" (usually ɑːˈmɛn was a drum solo performed by Gregory Sylvester "G Breakbeat (sometimes breakbeats or breaks) is a term used to describe a collection of sub- genres of Electronic music, usually characterized In the spring of 2008, Silent Witness, Break and Survival released their debut album, the epic No U-Turn sound influenced Hard Times on DNAudio Recordings, merging the varied elements of neurofunk's first-wave, diverging sound period with compressed drums, upfront moving basslines and upgraded concept engineering.

Lyrical content

The Creeps album by Ed Rush & Optical on Virus (2000). Ed Rush is the recording name of Ben Settle a prominent jungle / Techstep / Neurofunk DJ, who often produces tracks in collaboration with Optical Optical is the pseudonym of Matt Quinn a renowned Drum and bass producer and DJ from England. Virus Recordings is an influential UK -based Drum and bass Record label, specialising in the Techstep and Neurofunk sub-genres See also 2000 in music (UK Musical groups established in 2000 Record labels

As an MC and lyricist, Ryme Tyme personalized the essence of neurofunk as an integral member of Ed Rush & Optical's live, DJ sets and studio sessions. Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting, or just rhyming) is the Rhythmic spoken delivery of Rhymes wordplay and A recording studio is a facility for sound recording. Ideally the space is specially designed by an acoustician to achieve the desired acoustic properties (sound His spoken word flow and fiery, apocalyptic manifestations can be heard on "Resurrection" (produced by Ed Rush, Optical & Ryme Tyme/The Creeps album/Virus Recordings/2000) and "Yes" (produced by Ryme Tyme and Trace/1210 Recordings/2001), "Planet X" (produced by Mindscape/Black Lotus album/Citrus Recordings/2007) and "Tonka" (produced by The Upbeats/Nobody's Out There album/Bad Taste Recordings/2008). Spoken word is a form of literary Art or artistic performance in which Lyrics, Poetry, or stories are spoken rather than sung See also 2000 in music (UK Musical groups established in 2000 Record labels DJ Trace is the recording name of Duncan Hutchinson a British Electronic music artist Disc jockey and founder of DSCI4 Records. His use of certain concepts found in poetic futurism was influential on neurofunk's second-wave MCs, most notable on ex-Sinthetix, MC Mecha's abstract lyrical roundabout drawing comparisons to Ryme Tyme's assonance and aesthetics. Futurism was an Art movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century Assonance is repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming within Phrases or Sentences, and together with Alliteration Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called

As a producer, Ryme Tyme's combined vision and recording techniques are highlighted by his set-genre track "We Enter" (produced by Ryme Tyme/Optical RMXS/No U-Turn Recordings/1999), helping to establish the sub-genre as an entity to drum and bass along with "Payback" (produced by Ryme Tyme/DSCI4 Records/1999), "White Lightning" (produced by Optical & Ryme Tyme/The Creeps album/Virus Recordings/2000), "Abyss Remix" (produced by Ryme Tyme & Nasis/1210 Recordings/2001) and "Lightsleeper" (produced by Ryme Tyme, Matrix & Fierce/C4CLTD/2002). Originality is the aspect of created or invented works by as being new or novel and thus can be distinguished from reproductions, clones forgeries, or A remix is an alternative version of a song different from the original version Some of these tracks were compiled for the album entitled Ryme Tyme (1210 Recordings/2001), consisting mainly of his 12-inch singles for 1210 Recordings.

Origins and influences

Besides the sub-genre being a divergent of techstep, some of its origins and influences can be traced back to the late 1960s to mid 1970s period of trumpeter Miles Davis: his blending of jazz, rock and funk genres; the switching of his trumpet on to wah-wah pedals and marshall stacks and the use of distortion as a new method of expression for his distinctive modes and phrasing; pioneering a new, progressive sound and style based on African American musical traditions such as call-and-response. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Marshall Amplification is a British company which designs and manufactures music amplifiers. Modal jazz is Jazz using Musical modes rather than chord progressions as its harmonic framework In Music a phrase ( Greek φράση, sentence expression, see also Strophe) is a section of music that is relatively African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa In Music, a call and response is a succession of two distinct phrases usually played by different Musicians where the second phrase is heard as a direct

His drummers during this period - Tony Williams, Billy Cobham, Jack DeJohnette, and Al Foster - made use of polyrhythmic, upfront playing techniques in interaction with a dynamic system of sharp trumpet modes and riff-based, sheets of sound of heavy rock guitar rhythmic patterns, improvised jazz solos and deep funk basslines, paving the way for new electronic, trance-induced, instrumental dance music of the 1980s and 1990s. Anthony Tillmon "Tony" Williams ( December 12, 1945 &ndash February 23, 1997) was an American jazz drummer. William C Cobham (born May 16 1944 in Panama) is a Panamanian American Jazz Drummer, Composer and Bandleader Jack DeJohnette (born 9 August 1942) is an American Jazz Drummer, pianist, and composer Al Foster (born January 18, 1944 in Richmond Virginia) is a Jazz Drummer " In Music, a riff is an Ostinato figure a repeated Chord progression, pattern refrain or melodic figure, often played by the Rhythm Sheets of sound was a term coined in 1958 by Down Beat magazine Jazz critic Ira Gitler to describe the new unique improvisational Hard rock (also referred to as heavy rock) is a variation of Rock music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage and Psychedelic rock Trance is a style of Electronic dance music that developed in the 1990s An instrumental is a Musical composition or recording without Lyrics or any other sort of Vocal music; all of the Music is produced by Some of Miles Davis' seminal albums from this period, In a Silent Way (1969), On The Corner (1972) and Get Up With It (1975), were forerunners of contemporary, experimental funk music and influential on early neurofunk tracks such as "Bluesy Baby" (Ed Rush & Optical remix) by Ram Jam World (Higher Education Records/1998), "Syringe" by Ed Rush & Optical (Virus Recordings/2000) and "Serum" (Matrix remix) by Outfit (pseudonym for Dom & Roland, Fierce and Optical; Metro Recordings/1999). In a Silent Way is a 1969 album by Jazz Trumpeter Miles Davis. Events Perhaps the two most famous musical events of 1969 were concerts On the Corner is a Studio album by Jazz musician Miles Davis, recorded in June and July of 1972 and released later that year on Columbia Events January 17 - Highway 51 South in Memphis Tennessee is renamed " Elvis Presley Blvd" January 20 - Get Up With It is an album collecting tracks recorded between 1970 and 1974 by Miles Davis. Events January 2 - New York City US District Court Judge Richard Owen rules that former Beatle John Lennon and his lawyers Dom and Roland is Drum and bass producer Dominic Angas. The addition of "Roland" in the artist name refers to his Roland sampler Metro Recordings is a UK -based Record label owned and run by Jamie Quinn aka Matrix, brother of Matt Quinn aka Optical.

Matrix & Fierce - "Tightrope/Climate" 12-inch single on Metro (2000). Matrix is the pseudonym of London based record producer and DJ Jamie Quinn Metro Recordings is a UK -based Record label owned and run by Jamie Quinn aka Matrix, brother of Matt Quinn aka Optical.

"We Enter" (Optical Remixes) by Ryme Tyme on No U-Turn (1999). Optical is the pseudonym of Matt Quinn a renowned Drum and bass producer and DJ from England. A remix is an alternative version of a song different from the original version No U-Turn Recordings is a UK -based Record label owned and run by Nico ( Nicholas Kristian Sykes)

Neurofunk's most distinguished feature is the use of an opening and closing filter on a funk influenced bassline, giving a similar effect to a wah-wah pedal on a electric bass. Electronic filters are Electronic circuits which perform Signal processing functions specifically intended to remove unwanted signal components and/or enhance wanted The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the The concept of funk infused, distortion on bass and brass instrumentation was innovated by Davis during the late 1960s after listening to Jimi Hendrix and Sly & the Family Stone, becoming a significant feature on his development of jazz fusion. A brass instrument is a Musical instrument whose tone is produced by vibration of the lips as the player blows into a tubular Resonator. James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter Sly & the Family Stone is an American funk, soul and rock band from San Francisco California. The ideas implemented by Davis as bandleader and stylist, to best expose his input on prototype style neurofunk, are the stop-time driven beats on "Black Satin" from On The Corner and the sustained, low pitched drones on "Rated X" from Get Up With It, running parallels to Ed Rush & Optical's "Mystery Machine" from Wormhole and "Climate" by Matrix & Fierce from their 12-inch single. A bandleader is the leader of a band of Musicians The term is most commonly though not exclusively used with a group that plays Popular music as A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other A prototype is an original type form or instance of something serving as a typical example basis or standard for other things of the same category In Music, stop-time is according to Samuel A Floyd Jr "a musical device in which the forward flow of the music stops or seems to stop suspended in a Rhythmic Sustain is a Parameter of Musical Sound in Time. As its name may imply it denotes the period of time during which the sound is sustained before Pitch represents the perceived Fundamental frequency of a sound In music a drone is a harmonic or monophonic effect or Accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout much

Another major influence on the techno-funk sound of Virus Recordings, was producer George Clinton's complex, studio experiments for Funkadelic during their 1970s period when he redefined funk by incorporating the skills of classically trained, virtuosic musicians such as Bernie Worrell, alongside Bootsy Collins and Eddie Hazel, as essential members on the development of P-Funk mythology themes and long range instrumentals as tools for Clinton's progressive, psychedelic influenced productions, arrangements and concept albums. Funkadelic was an African American music band most prominent during the 1970s George Bernard "Bernie" Worrell Jr (born April 19, 1944) is an American keyboardist and Composer best known for his work William "Bootsy" Collins (born October 26, 1951 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a Funk Bassist, Singer Edward Earl "Eddie" Hazel ( April 10, 1950 – December 23, 1992) was a pioneering and influential guitarist in early Funk The P-Funk mythology is a group of recurring Fictional characters themes and ideas related in a series of Concept albums and live shows primarily from George Progressive rock (often shortened to " progressive " " prog " or " prog rock " is a form of Rock music that evolved Psychedelic music is a term that refers to a broad set of popular music styles genres and scenes that may include Psychedelic rock, psychedelic folk, Psychedelic In Popular music, a concept album is an Album which is "unified by a theme which can be instrumental compositional narrative or lyrical" Bassist Bootsy Collins' playing style, featuring his instrument in lead rather than rhythm section, originated an innovative, reverberating, low-frequency bass sound highly influential on the emergence of hip hop, techno and, by extension, the early foundations of neurofunk. A rhythm section is the Musicians in a Popular music band or ensemble who establish the Rhythmic pulse of a Song or musical Reverberation is the persistence of Sound in a particular space after the original sound is removed A Bass reflex system (also known as a ported, vented box or reflex port) is a type of Loudspeaker enclosure that uses the sound Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Detroit techno is an early style of electronic music beginning in 1980s

Media

References