| Nepali नेपाली |
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| Spoken in: | Nepal, India, Bhutan. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. | |||
| Region: | South Asia. | |||
| Total speakers: | native - 32million[1], total - appr. 40 million | |||
| Ranking: | 56 | |||
| Language family: | Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Pahari (Northern zone) Eastern Pahari Nepali |
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| Writing system: | Devanagari script | |||
| Official status | ||||
| Official language in: | Nepal, Sikkim (India), Bengal (India) | |||
| Regulated by: | Language Academy of Nepal | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-1: | ne | |||
| ISO 639-2: | nep | |||
| ISO 639-3: | nep | |||
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Nepali is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal, Bhutan, and some parts of India and Myanmar (Burma). The Indo-Aryan languages (within the context of Indo-European studies also Indic) are a branch of the Indo-European language family Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The word 'Nepali' is also written as 'Nepalese' by few people.
It is the lingua-franca of Nepal and also one of 23 Official languages of India incorporated in 8th annex of the Indian constitution. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. The Constitution of India envisages Hindi as the primary official language to be used by the Union Government, with English as the subsidiary official language It is a lingua-franca of the state of Sikkim and has official language status in West Bengal's Darjeeling district. Sikkim ( Nepali:, also Sikhim) is a Landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas It is the least populous state in India West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. Darjeeling, is the northern most district of West Bengal state in eastern India. Similarly it is spoken in State of Uttaranchal as well as in the state of Assam. Uttarakhand ( Hindi: उत्तराखण्ड or उत्तराखंड Uttar + Akhand i Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city Roughly half of the population of Nepal speaks Nepali as a mother tongue but it is spoken as a second language by most of the Nepali people.
Nepali goes by various names. It was also called Gorkhali or Gurkhali, "the language of the Gurkhas, "and Parbatiya, "the language of the mountains. Prithvi Naraya Shahdev and Sri Teen Maharaja Jung Bahadur The Way of Sacrifice The Rajputs Pages 28-30 Graduate Thesis South Asian Studies Department Dr " Khaskura is the oldest term, literally speech of the Khas who were peasants in the Karnali-Bheri basin of far western Nepal since prehistoric or early historic times. Originally the Khas were the mountain dwellers living in the south shadow of the Himalayan range from Kashmir to Bhutan, but mostly in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand Khaskura exists in opposition to Khamkura, a group of Tibeto-Burman dialects spoken by Kham peoples in highlands separating the Karnali-Bheri basin from the Gandaki basin in central Nepal. Kham (also Khamkura, Kamkura) is a language complex of Bodic Tibeto Burmese Lects spoken in the remoter highlands of Karnali or Ghaghara (also spelled the Gogra Ghaghra or Ghagra Nepali Kauriala or Manchu or the Karnali literally means ' holy water from the sacred mountain' (Karnali also means “Turquoise The Bheri River is a major river in western Nepal. On December 25, 2007 a suspension bridge collapsed along the river in Chunchu village The Gandaki River also known as the Kali Gandaki, Narayani (after confluence with Trisuli in Nepal and the Gandak in India is a tributary of the Ganga or
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History
Perhaps 500 years ago, the Khas migrated eastward, bypassing the inhospitable Kham highlands to settle in the lower valleys of the Gandaki basin suited to rice cultivation. One notable extended family settled in Gorkha, a petty principality about halfway between Pokhara and Kathmandu. Pokhara (पोखरा is a city of close to 200000 inhabitants in central Nepal located at 28 Then in the late 1700s a scion named Prithvi Narayan Shah raised an army of Gurungs, Magars and possibly other hill tribesmen and set out to conquer and consolidate dozens of petty principalities in the Himalayan foothills. Prithvi Narayan Shah King of Nepal (1723 - 1775 AD Nepali पृथ्वी नारायण शाह was a Nepali nobleman Gurung (surnameThe Gurung is an ethnic group from the Central region of Nepal. Magar is a Sino-Tibetan ethnic group of Nepal and northern India whose homeland extends from the western and southern edges of the Dhaulagiri section of Since Gorkha had replaced the original Khas homeland as the center of political and military initiative, Khaskura was redubbed Gorkhali, i. e. language of the Gorkhas.
Prithvi Narayan's especially notable military achievement was conquest of the urbanized Kathmandu Valley, on the eastern rim of the Gandaki basin. This region was also called Nepal at the time. Kathmandu became Prithvi Narayan's new capital, then he and his heirs extended their domain east into the Koshi basin, north to the Tibetan Plateau, south into the plains of northern India, and west of the Karnali/Bheri basin.
Expansion, particularly to the north, west, and south brought the growing state into conflict with British and Chinese territorial ambitions. This led to wars that trimmed it back to roughly Nepal's present borders or less, however both great powers understood the value of a buffer state and did not attempt to reduce the new country further. Since the Kathmandu Valley or Nepal had become the new center of political initiative, this word gradually came to refer to the entire realm and not just the Kathmandu Valley. And so Gorkhali, language of Gorkha, was again redubbed Nepali.
Nepali is the easternmost of the Pahari languages, a group of related languages spoken across the lower elevations of the Himalaya range, from eastern Nepal through the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. The Pahari languages, also known as Northern Zone languages, are a group of related Indo-Aryan languages or dialects spoken in the lower ranges of the Himalayas Uttarakhand ( Hindi: उत्तराखण्ड or उत्तराखंड Uttar + Akhand i Himachal Pradesh ( Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश Punjabi: ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ pronounced) is a state in the The influence of the Nepali language can also be seen in Bhutan and some parts of Myanmar. Nepali developed in proximity to a number of Tibeto-Burman languages, most notably Nepal Bhasa, and shows Tibeto-Burman influences. The Tibeto-Burman family of languages (often considered a sub-group of the Sino-Tibetan Language family) is spoken in various central and south Asian countries including The Tibeto-Burman family of languages (often considered a sub-group of the Sino-Tibetan Language family) is spoken in various central and south Asian countries including
Nepali is closely related to Hindi but is more conservative, borrowing fewer words from Persian and English and using more Sanskritic derivations. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Today, Nepali is commonly written in the Devanagari script. There is some record of using Takri script in the history of Nepali especially in western Nepal, Utarakhand, and Himanchal. Bhujimol is an older script native to Nepal. Bhujimol is the name of the most ancient form of the Nepal script. Nepali is mutually intelligible with Hindi and Urdu speakers.
Nepali developed a great literature within a short period of hundred years in the nineteenth century, fueled by Adhyatma Ramayana, Sundarananda Bara (1833), Birsikka, an anonymous collection of folk-tales, and a Ramayana by Bhanubhakta. Adhyatma Ramayana is an ancient Sanskrit work extolling the spiritual virtues of the story of Ramayana. The Rāmāyaṇa ( Devanāgarī: sa रामायण is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the Hindu sage ( Maharishi) Valmiki Bhanubhakta Acharya (भानुभक्त आचार्य (1814-1868 was a Nepali poet who translated the Ramayana from Sanskrit to Nepali The contribution of trio-lauretes Poudyal, Devkota and Sama took Nepali to the level of other world languages. Devkota is a surname used by some Nepalese people One of the gaint with this Surname is Laxmi Prasad Devkota, known as Mahakavi in Nepal The contribution of laureates outside Nepal, especially from Darjeeling and Varanasi, is also worth noting. Varanasi ( Sanskrit: वाराणसी Vārāṇasī, pronunciation) also commonly known as Benares ( or Banaras (बनारस
The sole use of Nepali in the courts and government of Nepal is being challenged. The issue of recognition of for other ethnic language in Nepal was one of talking points raised by the Maoist insurgency. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party A Cabinet Minister, Matrika Yadav recently took ministerial oath in the Maithili language, rather than Nepali. Maithili (मैथिली Maithilī) is a language spoken in the eastern part of India, mainly in the Indian state of Bihar
Scholars Kamal Malla and Tej. Kansakar comment of the Sanskrit derivation of Nepali:
- "Janaka, Yajnavalkya, Valmiki, Kapila and Gautama Buddha have greatly contributed to the Sanskrit and Prakrita from which the Nepali language seeks its origins. "[2]
See also: Lhotshampa
Grammar
Phrases
Examples of phrases in Nepali include:
- namaste. Lhotshampa, or Lhotsampa, means southerners in Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan, and refers to the ethnic Nepalese population Nepali grammar is the study of the morphology and Syntax of Nepali, an Indo-European language spoken in South Asia. Namasté, Namaskar or Namaskaram (Sanskrit नमस्ते from internal Sandhi between namaḥ and te नमस्ते — all-purpose Hindu greeting, often translated as "I salute the god within you". A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Its literal Sanskrit meaning is "your homage" and in common usage simply means "hello" or "goodbye. "
- tapāī̃ko/timro nām ke ho? तपाईंको/तिम्रो नाम के हो? - What is your name?
- mero nām Ālok ho. मेरो नाम आलोक हो — My name is Alok.
- tapāī/timi lai kasto cha? तपाईंलाई/तिमीलाई कस्तो छ? — How are you?
The following are more commonly used:
- ke cha? के छ? (informal), sañcai hunuhuncha? सञ्चै हुनुहुन्छ? (formal)
- khānā khāne ṭhāũ kahā̃ cha? खाना खाने ठाउँ कहाँ छ? — Where is the place to eat?
- kāṭhmāḍaũ jāne bāṭo dherai lāmo cha. काठ्माडौँ जाने बाटो धेरै लामो छ — The road to Kathmandu is very long.
- nepālmā baneko नेपालमा बनेको — Made in Nepal.
- ma nepālī hũ म नेपाली हूँ — I am Nepali.
- pugyo पुग्यो — That is enough (mainly used while eating/amount of food/and various other amounts).
References
- ^ Nepali language at Omniglot.com
- ^ P. 47 Occasional Papers in the Humanities & Social Sciences By Kamal Prakash Malla, Tej. R. Kansakar
Further reading
- Schmidt, R. L. (1993) A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali.
- Turner, R. L. (1931) A Comparative and Etymological Dictionary of the Nepali Language.
- Hutt, M. Sir Ralph Lilley Turner MC ( 5 October 1888 &ndash 22 April 1983) was an English Indian languages Philologist & Subedi, A. (2003) Teach Yourself Nepali.
See also
External links
- A set of free tools for typing, web search and email in Unicode Nepali
- A set of free materials for leaning Nepali
- How to write nepali
- Download Nepali Word Processor: Madhyam developed by Balendu Sharma Dadhich