10 fluorine ← neon → sodium He ↑ Ne ↓ Ar Periodic table - Extended periodic table
General
Name, symbol, number	neon, Ne, 10
Chemical series	noble gases
Group, period, block	18, 2, p
Appearance	colorless
Standard atomic weight	20.1797(6) g·mol−1
Electron configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6
Electrons per shell	2, 8
Physical properties
Color	164
Phase	gas
Density	(0 °C, 101. Fluorine, fluorum meaning "to flow" is the Chemical element with the symbol F and Atomic number 9 Sodium (ˈsoʊdiəm is an element which has the symbol Na( Latin natrium, from Arabic natrun) atomic number 11 atomic mass 22 Helium ( He) is a colorless odorless tasteless non-toxic Inert Monatomic Chemical This article pertains to the chemical element For other uses see Argon (disambiguation. This is a typical display of the periodic table of the elements and contains the symbol and Atomic number of each element Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Chemical elements, sorted by name Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of chemical elements by symbol, including the A table of Chemical elements ordered by Atomic number and color coded according to type of element In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in In the Periodic table of the elements, a period is a horizontal row of the table A block of the Periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups The respective highest-energy electrons in each element in a block belong to the same Atomic History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity A period 2 element is one of the Chemical elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. See also Electron configuration The atomic mass (ma is the Mass of an atom most often expressed in unified atomic mass units The atomic mass may be considered to be the total mass To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various Mass levels between 10&minus36&thinsp kg and 1053&thinspkg Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) In Atomic physics and Quantum chemistry, electron configuration is the arrangement of Electrons in an Atom, Molecule, or other The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J An electron shell may be crudely thought of as an Orbit followed by Electrons around an Atom nucleus. In the Physical sciences a phase is a Set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 325 kPa) 0. 9002 g/L
Melting point	24. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. 56 K (-248. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic 59 °C, -415. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 46 °F)
Boiling point	27. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid 07 K (-246. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic 08 °C, -410. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 94 °F)
Triple point	24. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 In Thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the Temperature and Pressure at which three phases (for example Gas, Liquid 5561 K (-249°C), 43[1][2] kPa
Critical point	44. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. In Physical chemistry, Thermodynamics, Chemistry and Condensed matter physics, a critical point, also called a critical state 4 K, 2. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic 76 MPa
Heat of fusion	0. The standard Enthalpy of fusion (symbol \Delta{}H_{fus} also known as the heat of fusion or specific melting heat, is the amount of 335 kJ·mol−1
Heat of fusion	98798 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	1. The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material The standard Enthalpy of fusion (symbol \Delta{}H_{fus} also known as the heat of fusion or specific melting heat, is the amount of The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material The enthalpy of vaporization, (symbol \Delta{}_{v}H also known as the heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the Energy required 71 kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity	(25 °C) 20. The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the heat energy required to increase the Temperature of a unit quantity 786 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T/K 12 13 15 18 21 27
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	cubic face centered
Oxidation states	no data
Ionization energies (more)	1st: 2080. Vapor pressure (also known as equilibrium vapor pressure or saturation vapor pressure) is the Pressure of a Vapor in equilibrium In Mineralogy and Crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of Atoms in a Crystal. The oxidation number of a central atom in a coordination compound is the charge that it would have if all the Ligands were removed along with the Electron pairs The ionization potential, ionization energy or EI of an Atom or Molecule is the Energy required to remove an Electron These tables list the Ionization energy in kJ/mol necessary to remove one mole of Electrons from one mole of neutral gaseous Atoms (first energy respectively 7 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 3952. The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material 3 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 6122 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius (calc. )	38 pm
Covalent radius	69 pm
Van der Waals radius	154 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	nonmagnetic
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 49. The covalent radius, r cov is a measure of the size of Atom which forms part of a Covalent bond. Van der Waals Volume The van der Waals volume, V, also called the atomic volume or molecular volume, is the atomic property most directly In Physics, magnetism is one of the Phenomena by which Materials exert attractive or repulsive Forces on other Materials. In Physics, thermal conductivity, k is the property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct Heat. 1x10-3  W·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound	(gas, 0 °C) 435 m/s
Bulk modulus	654654 GPa
CAS registry number	7440-01-9
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of neon iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 20Ne 90. Sound is a vibration that travels through an elastic medium as a Wave. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to Neon ( Ne)Standard atomic mass 201797(6 u Table Isotopes (Greek isos = "equal" tópos = "site place" are any of the different types of atoms ( Nuclides In Chemistry, natural abundance (NA refers to the abundance Isotopes of a Chemical element as naturally found on a planet Half-Life (computer-game page here It's already listed in the disambiguation page Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable Atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and Radiation. The decay energy is the Energy released by a Nuclear decay. The energy difference of the Reactants is often written as Q: where Q In Nuclear physics, a decay product, also known as a daughter product, daughter isotope or daughter nuclide, is a Nuclide 48% 20Ne is stable with 10 neutrons 21Ne 0. Stable isotopes are chemical isotopes that are not Radioactive (to current knowledge This article is a discussion of neutrons in general For the specific case of a neutron found outside the nucleus see Free neutron. 27% 21Ne is stable with 11 neutrons 22Ne 9. Stable isotopes are chemical isotopes that are not Radioactive (to current knowledge This article is a discussion of neutrons in general For the specific case of a neutron found outside the nucleus see Free neutron. 25% 22Ne is stable with 12 neutrons
References
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Neon (pronounced /ˈniːɒn/) is the chemical element that has the symbol Ne and atomic number 10. Stable isotopes are chemical isotopes that are not Radioactive (to current knowledge This article is a discussion of neutrons in general For the specific case of a neutron found outside the nucleus see Free neutron. Recommended values for many properties of the elements together with various references are collected on these data pages A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. See also List of elements by atomic number In Chemistry and Physics, the atomic number (also known as the proton Although a very common element in the universe, it is rare on Earth. A colorless, inert noble gas under standard conditions, neon gives a distinct reddish glow when used in vacuum discharge tubes and neon lamps. In English to be inert is to be in a state of doing little or nothing History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength The Geissler tube is a glass tube for demonstrating the principles of electrical Glow discharge. A neon lamp is a Gas discharge Lamp containing primarily Neon gas at low Pressure. It is commercially extracted from air, in which it is found in trace amounts.

History

Neon (Greek νέον(neon) meaning "new one") was discovered in 1898 by Scottish chemist William Ramsay (1852 - 1916) and English chemist Morris W. Travers in London, England. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Sir William Ramsay (2 October 1852 &ndash 23 July 1916 was a Scottish chemist who discovered the Noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Morris William Travers (January 24 1872 Kensington London–August 25 1961 Stroud Gloucestershire the founding director of the Indian Institute of Science, was an London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland ^[3] Neon was discovered when Ramsay chilled a sample of the atmosphere until it became a liquid, then warmed the liquid and captured the gases as they boiled off. The three gases were krypton, xenon, and neon. Krypton (ˈkrɪptən or /ˈkrɪptɒn/ from kryptos "hidden" is a Chemical element with the symbol Kr and Atomic number 36 Xenon (ˈzɛnɒn or) is a Chemical element represented by the symbol Xe. ^[4] On December 1910, French engineer Georges Claude makes a lamp from an electrified tube of neon glass. On January 19, 1915, Claude begins selling his tubes to U. S. companies; the Packard car dealership in Los Angeles is one of the first to buy. ^[5]

Isotopes

Main article: Isotopes of neon

Neon has three stable isotopes: ²⁰Ne (90. Neon ( Ne)Standard atomic mass 201797(6 u Table Stable isotopes are chemical isotopes that are not Radioactive (to current knowledge 48%), ²¹Ne (0. 27%) and ²²Ne (9. 25%). ²¹Ne and ²²Ne are nucleogenic and their variations are well understood. In Nuclear physics, a nuclear reaction is the process in which two nuclei or nuclear particles collide to produce products different from the initial particles In contrast, ²⁰Ne is not known to be nucleogenic and the causes of its variation in the Earth have been hotly debated. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 The principal nuclear reactions which generate neon isotopes are neutron emission, alpha decay reactions on ²⁴Mg and ²⁵Mg, which produce ²¹Ne and ²²Ne, respectively. In Nuclear physics, a nuclear reaction is the process in which two nuclei or nuclear particles collide to produce products different from the initial particles Isotopes (Greek isos = "equal" tópos = "site place" are any of the different types of atoms ( Nuclides Neutron emission is a type of Radioactive decay of atoms containing excess Neutrons in which a neutron is simply ejected from the nucleus Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an Atomic nucleus emits an Alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle The alpha particles are derived from uranium-series decay chains, while the neutrons are mostly produced by secondary reactions from alpha particles. Alpha particles (named after and denoted by the first letter in the Greek alphabet, α consist of two Protons and two Neutrons bound together into a Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the In Nuclear science, the decay chain refers to the Radioactive decay of different discrete radioactive decay products as a chained series of transformations This article is a discussion of neutrons in general For the specific case of a neutron found outside the nucleus see Free neutron. The net result yields a trend towards lower ²⁰Ne/²²Ne and higher ²¹Ne/²²Ne ratios observed in uranium-rich rocks such as granites. Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. Isotopic analysis of exposed terrestrial rocks has demonstrated the cosmogenic production of ²¹Ne. In Geology, rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of Minerals and/or Mineraloids The Earth's outer solid layer the ‘ Lithosphere Environmental Radioactivity is the study of radioactive materials in the Human environment. This isotope is generated by spallation reactions on magnesium, sodium, silicon, and aluminium. In general spallation is a process in which fragments of material ( Spall) are ejected from a body due to impact or stress Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 Sodium (ˈsoʊdiəm is an element which has the symbol Na( Latin natrium, from Arabic natrun) atomic number 11 atomic mass 22 Silicon (ˈsɪlɪkən or /ˈsɪlɪkɒn/ silicium is the Chemical element that has the symbol Si and Atomic number 14 WikipediaNaming By analyzing all three isotopes, the cosmogenic component can be resolved from magmatic neon and nucleogenic neon. Magma (Plurals magmas and magmata) is molten rock that sometimes forms beneath the surface of the Earth (or any other Terrestrial planet This suggests that neon will be a useful tool in determining cosmic exposure ages of surficial rocks and meteorites. A meteorite is a natural object originating in Outer space that survives an impact with the Earth 's surface ^[6]

Similar to xenon, neon content observed in samples of volcanic gases are enriched in ²⁰Ne, as well as nucleogenic ²¹Ne, relative to ²²Ne content. Xenon (ˈzɛnɒn or) is a Chemical element represented by the symbol Xe. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter The neon isotopic content of these mantle-derived samples represent a non-atmospheric source of neon. The ²⁰Ne-enriched components are attributed to exotic primordial rare gas components in the Earth, possibly representing solar neon. Solar neon is Neon that has been made in the Sun and transmitted to Earth as Ions in the Solar wind. Elevated ²⁰Ne abundances are found in diamonds, further suggesting a solar neon reservoir in the Earth. In Mineralogy, diamond is the allotrope of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in ^[7]

Notable characteristics

Neon is the second-lightest noble gas, glows reddish-orange in a vacuum discharge tube and has over 40 times the refrigerating capacity of liquid helium and three times that of liquid hydrogen (on a per unit volume basis). History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength The colour orange occurs A gas-filled tube, also known as a discharge tube, is an arrangement of Electrodes in a Gas within an insulating, temperature-resistant Envelope Helium ( He) is a colorless odorless tasteless non-toxic Inert Monatomic Chemical Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 ^[8] In most applications it is a less expensive refrigerant than helium. A refrigerant is a compound used in a heat cycle that undergoes a Phase change from a Gas to a Liquid and back ^[9] Neon plasma has the most intense light discharge at normal voltages and currents of all the rare gases. The average color of this light to the human eye is red-orange; it contains a strong green line which is hidden, unless the visual components are dispersed by a spectroscope. ^[10]

Occurrence

Neon is actually abundant on a universal scale: the fifth most abundant chemical element in the universe by mass, after hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and carbon (see chemical element). A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. Its relative rarity on Earth, like that of helium, is due to its relative lightness and chemical inertness, both properties keeping it from being trapped in the condensing gas and dust clouds of the formation of smaller and warmer solid planets like Earth. Mass abundance in the universe is about 1 part in 750 and in the Sun and presumably in the proto-solar system nebula, about 1 part in 600. The Galileo spacecraft atmospheric entry probe found that even in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter, neon is reduced by about a factor of 10, to 1 part in 6,000 by mass. Galileo was an Unmanned spacecraft sent by NASA to study the Planet Jupiter and its moons Named after the Astronomer This may indicate that even the ice-planetesmals which brought neon into Jupiter from the outer solar system, formed in a region which was too warm for them to have kept their neon (abundances of heavier inert gases on Jupiter are several times that found in the Sun). ^[11]

Neon is a monatomic gas at standard conditions. In Physics and Chemistry, monatomic is a combination of the words "mono" and "atomic" and means "single Atom. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter In Physical sciences standard conditions for temperature and pressure are Standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements to allow comparisons to be made Neon is rare on Earth, found in the Earth's atmosphere at 1 part in 65,000 (by volume) or 1 part in 83,000 by mass. Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five It is industrially produced by cryogenic fractional distillation of liquefied air. Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts or fractions such as in separating Chemical compounds by their Boiling point by heating ^[12]

Applications

Neon is often used in signs and produces an unmistakable bright orange colored light. Neon signs are luminous-tube signs that contain neon or other inert gases at a low pressure All other colors (though still referred to as "neon") are created using a mercury vapor discharge which excites a phosphor via fluorescence, or by the other Noble Gases. A phosphor is a substance that exhibits the phenomenon of Phosphorescence (sustained glowing after exposure to energized particles such as Electrons Fluorescence is a Luminescence that is mostly found as an History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity

The reddish-orange color that neon emits in neon lights is widely used to make advertising signs and is used in long tubular strips in car modification. A neon lamp is a Gas discharge Lamp containing primarily Neon gas at low Pressure. Neon signs are luminous-tube signs that contain neon or other inert gases at a low pressure The word "neon" is used generically for these types of lights even though many other gases are used to produce different colors of light.

Neon is used in vacuum tubes, high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter tubes, television tubes, and helium-neon lasers. This article is about the electronic device not an evacuated pipe used for experiments in Free-fall. Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of Electricity, which typically occurs during Thunderstorms and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic A helium-neon laser, usually called a HeNe laser, is a type of small Gas laser. Liquefied neon is commercially used as a cryogenic refrigerant in applications not requiring the lower temperature range attainable with more expensive liquid helium refrigeration. Cryogenics is often used incorrectly to refer to Cryonics, cryopreserving humans or animals A refrigerant is a compound used in a heat cycle that undergoes a Phase change from a Gas to a Liquid and back

Neon's triple point temperature of 24. In Thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the Temperature and Pressure at which three phases (for example Gas, Liquid 5561 K is a defining fixed point in the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The International Temperature Scale of 1990 ( ITS-90) is an equipment calibration standard for making measurements on the Kelvin and ^[1]

Compounds

Neon is a noble gas, and therefore generally considered to be inert. History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity In English to be inert is to be in a state of doing little or nothing No true compounds of neon are known. However, the ions Ne⁺, (NeAr)⁺, (NeH)⁺, and (HeNe⁺) have been observed from optical and mass spectrometric studies, and neon is also known to form an unstable hydrate. An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge This article pertains to the chemical element For other uses see Argon (disambiguation. Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Helium ( He) is a colorless odorless tasteless non-toxic Inert Monatomic Chemical Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that identifies the chemical composition of a compound or sample based on the Mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles Hydrate is a term used in Inorganic chemistry and Organic chemistry to indicate that a substance contains Water. ^[13]

References

External links

• WebElements.com – Neon
• It's Elemental – Neon
• Computational Chemistry Wiki
• Los Alamos National Laboratory – Neon
• USGS Periodic Table - Neon