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Philosophy PortalNeolibertarianism is a political philosophy combining elements of libertarian and neoconservative thought that embraces incrementalism domestically, and a generally interventionist foreign policy based on self-interest and national defense. Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the Agorism is an anarchist Political philosophy founded by Samuel Edward Konkin III that holds the ultimate goal as bringing about a society in which Anarcho-capitalism (also known as Free-market anarchism) is an individualist anarchist Political philosophy that advocates the elimination Autarchism (from Greek, "belief in self rule" is a Political philosophy that upholds the principle of Individual liberty, rejects compulsory Christian libertarianism should not be confused with Libertarian Christianity. Geolibertarianism is a Political movement that strives to reconcile Libertarianism and Georgism (or geoism) Green libertarianism is a Political philosophy that has developed in the United States. Individualist anarchism refers to any of several traditions that hold that "individual conscience and the pursuit of self-interest should not be constrained by any collective Left-libertarianism (or left-wing libertarianism) is a term that has been adopted by several different libertarian political movements and theorists Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent Individualist feminism (sometimes also grouped with libertarian feminism or ifeminism) is a term for feminist ideas which seek to celebrate Free-market anarchism (sometimes called market anarchism) refers to an Individualist anarchist Philosophy that harmonizes the abolition of the state with Market socialism is a term used to denote two different Economic system (s based in Socialism which operate according to Market principles In Civics, minarchism, sometimes called minimal Statism, small government, or limited-government Libertarianism Mutualism, is an Anarchist school of thought, can be traced to the writings of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon that envisioned a society where each person might possess a Paleolibertarianism is a school of thought within American Libertarianism founded by Lew Rockwell and Murray Rothbard, and closely associated Right-libertarianism or right libertarianism is a phrase used to either describe non- Collectivist forms of Libertarianism or a variety of different libertarian Voluntaryism is a Philosophy that opposes anything that it sees as unjustifiably invasive and Coercive. Objectivism is a Philosophy developed by Ayn Rand in the 20th century that encompasses positions on Metaphysics, Epistemology, The Austrian School, also known as the “ Vienna School ” or the “ Psychological School ” is a heterodox school of economics that advocates Classical liberalism (also known as traditional liberalism, Laissez-faire liberalism, Market liberalism or in much of the world Individualist anarchism refers to any of several traditions that hold that "individual conscience and the pursuit of self-interest should not be constrained by any collective thumb| |Broken Liberty Istanbul Archaeology Museum Civil liberties are freedoms that protect the Individual from the Government. Counter-economics is a term originally coined by Samuel Edward Konkin III, a radical Libertarian activist and theorist who defined it as " the study and/or Decriminalization is the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts but regulated permits or fines might still apply (for contrast Economic freedom is freedom to produce trade and consume any goods and services acquired without the use of force fraud or theft A free market is a Market in which property rights are voluntarily exchanged at a price arranged completely by the mutual consent of sellers and buyers Free trade is a system in which the trade of goods and services between or within countries flows unhindered by government-imposed restrictions The question of free will Freedom of contract or contractualism is the idea that individuals should be free to bargain among themselves the terms of their own contracts without government interference The homestead principle (or original appropriation) is part of libertarian and anarcho-capitalist Ethics. Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal Methodological individualism is a philosophical method aimed at explaining and understanding broad society-wide developments as the aggregation of decisions by individuals Laissez-faire ( pronunciation: French,; English,) is a French phrase literally meaning Let do (“allow to do” Liberty, the freedom to act or believe without being stopped by unnecessary force A night watchman state, or a minimal state, is a Form of government in Political philosophy where the government's responsibilities are so minimal they The non-aggression principle (also called the non-aggression axiom, anticoercion principle, or zero aggression principle) is a Deontological Nonintervention or non-interventionism is a foreign policy which holds that political rulers should avoid alliances with other nations and avoid all wars not related to direct Property is any physical or virtual entity that is owned by an individual Self-governance is an abstract concept that refers to several scales of Organization. Self-ownership (or sovereignty of the individual, individual sovereignty or individual autonomy) is the moral or natural right (aka Freedom of a person The subjective theory of value (or theory of subjective value) is an economic theory of value that holds that "to possess value an object must be both useful A tax resister resists or refuses payment of a Tax because of opposition to the institution collecting the tax or to some of that institution’s policies The libertarian movement consists of the various individuals and institutions who expound or promote the ideas and causes of Libertarianism. Libertarianism is a Political philosophy that emphasises the Liberty of the individual and seeks to minimize or even abolish the State. Many countries and subnational political entities have libertarian political parties. Libertarian theories of law build upon classical liberal and individualist anarchist doctrines Adherents of different ideologies have criticized Libertarianism for various reasons Civil libertarianism is a strain of political thought that supports Civil liberties, or who emphasizes the supremacy of Individual rights and Personal freedoms For the revolt in Brazil, see Constitutionalist Revolution. The term Constitutionalism is a word with a variety of meanings A libertarian Democrat is a person who subscribes to libertarian philosophy while typically voting for and being involved with the United States Democratic Party. A libertarian Republican (LR is a person who subscribes to libertarian philosophy while typically voting for and being involved with the United States Republican Party Libertarian transhumanism is a Political philosophy synthesizing Libertarianism and Transhumanism. Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the Neoconservatism (or Neocon is a Right-wing political philosophy that emerged in the United States from the rejection of the Social liberalism, Moral relativism Incrementalism is a method of working by adding to a project using many small (often unplanned changes instead of a few (extensively planned large jumps
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Definition
Neolibertarianism is a post-9/11 ideological offshoot of libertarianism that incorporates neoconservative ideas on foreign policy, including the use of preventive military force. Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the Neoconservatism (or Neocon is a Right-wing political philosophy that emerged in the United States from the rejection of the Social liberalism, Moral relativism It also holds that nearly all other issues should remain in the jurisdiction of local political entities: state/provincial and municipal governments, communities, and individuals. Neolibertarians are sometimes described as "pro-capitalist conservatives" or "libertarians who support the War on Terror. Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U " Some libertarian celebrities that fit into this neolibertarian category include talk radio personalities Larry Elder, Neal Boortz, and comedian Dennis Miller. Laurence Allen "Larry" Elder is an African-American radio and television personality Neal A Boortz Jr (born April 6 1945 is an American radio host, author and Libertarian Political commentator. Dennis Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American Stand-up comedian, political/sports commentator, and television/radio personality
Neolibertarians generally believe that the drawing of an arbitrary boundary such as a border does not exclude those outside of it from the inalienable human right of liberty. They believe that if Liberty is a self-evident, inalienable right, then it can be legitimately imposed by force upon those who live beyond the jurisdiction of a particular national government.
Evolution of the term
The term neolibertarian is undergoing a shift in meaning post-9/11 and post-Iraq War. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign Originally it indicated a libertarian who embraced the alliance with the New Left, now called left-libertarianism or left-rothbardianism, whereas now it is often used to describe a libertarian who favors an interventionist foreign policy, as opposed to a non-interventionist course of action. The New Left were the Left-wing movements in different countries in the 1960s and 1970s that unlike the earlier leftist focus on union activism instead adopted a Left-libertarianism (or left-wing libertarianism) is a term that has been adopted by several different libertarian political movements and theorists Nonintervention or non-interventionism is a foreign policy which holds that political rulers should avoid alliances with other nations and avoid all wars not related to direct In this sense the term is related to neoconservative. Neoconservatism (or Neocon is a Right-wing political philosophy that emerged in the United States from the rejection of the Social liberalism, Moral relativism
Similar terms
The creation of the term republitarian is usually attributed to Larry Elder, an American political pundit, radio talk show host, and author who defines "republitarian" as "a member of the Republican Party who holds libertarian ideals. Laurence Allen "Larry" Elder is an African-American radio and television personality " [1] Another example would be Neal Boortz, who describes himself as a neolibertarian. Neal A Boortz Jr (born April 6 1945 is an American radio host, author and Libertarian Political commentator. Another similar term is liberventionist, the term used by non-interventionist libertarians to describe interventionist libertarians.
Presently, republitarians are represented in the Republican party by the Republican Liberty Caucus, joining such codified groups within the GOP such as the Log Cabin Republicans and the College Republicans. The Republican Liberty Caucus is a political action organization dedicated to promoting the ideals of individual rights limited government and free enterprise within the Republican The Log Cabin Republicans ( LCR) is a federated gay and lesbian political organization in the United States with state chapters and a national office in The College Republicans is a national organization for College and University students who support the Republican Party of the United States
History of neolibertarianism
The first neolibertarians to use the term did so in response to the Iraq war. The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia Jonathan Henke began popularizing the term "Neolibertarian" on the weblog he created, QandO [2], along with Dale Franks and Bruce McQuain. Jonathan Henke (born 1974 is an American Political blogger. Currently Henke serves as the New Media Director for the Republican Communications Office (an office of the Dale Franks (1964-) is an American author radio personality and political military and economic affairs analyst Distancing themselves from the generally anti-war response of the Libertarian Party (LP) and the mainstream libertarian movement, Henke and his fellow neolibertarians set out their reasons for supporting a vigorous war on terror and an effort to secure the freedom of Iraqis. The term anti-war usually refers to the opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The Libertarian Party is a United States political party founded on December 11 1971 The libertarian movement consists of the various individuals and institutions who expound or promote the ideas and causes of Libertarianism. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U Incrementalism in general is a common hallmark of neolibertarians, who tend to avoid over-association with the LP itself. Incrementalism is a method of working by adding to a project using many small (often unplanned changes instead of a few (extensively planned large jumps A hallmark is a mark or series of marks struck on items made of precious metals &mdash Platinum, Gold, Silver and in some nations Palladium The most obvious neolibertarian instance of taking a practical course to serve a moral goal is the Iraq war, though this is a common approach to many political issues.
Some neolibertarians consider themselves extremely idealistic - holding deep convictions about the inalienability of liberty across borders. This branch generally believes that no country has a right to vote or mandate against liberty in the public sector, and that those who believe that the right to liberty ends at borders are no better than those who believe that only some WITHIN a country have a right to it; they believe that convictions about the importance of liberty holds no value unless it is applied to every human being on earth, regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, or nationality.
Some neolibertarians see themselves as pragmatic and calculated compared to idealistic, ivory-tower paleolibertarians. In Western civilization, Idealism is the philosophy which maintains that the Ultimate nature of reality is ideal or based upon ideas values essences The so-called Academic elitism is a charge sometimes levied at Academic institutions and academics more broadly use of the term " Ivory tower " often carries with it Paleolibertarianism is a school of thought within American Libertarianism founded by Lew Rockwell and Murray Rothbard, and closely associated Others would cast themselves in the role of committed to pragmatism only in service of idealism and would say their foreign principles are more idealistic than the paleolibertarian-favored isolationism. Pragmatism generally considered to have originated in the late nineteenth century with Charles Peirce, who first stated the Pragmatic maxim. Since anti-war libertarians see themselves as the idealists and because neolibertarians embrace pragmatism in method if not in goal, the vision of neolibertarians as pragmatic tends to be over-emphasized.
To describe neolibertarians, Dale Franks says this: [3]
- When given a set of policy choices,
- The choice that maximizes personal liberty is the best choice. Dale Franks (1964-) is an American author radio personality and political military and economic affairs analyst Liberty, the freedom to act or believe without being stopped by unnecessary force
- The policy choice that offers the least amount of necessary government intervention or regulation is the best choice.
- The policy choice that provides rational, market-based incentives is the best choice. A free market is a Market in which property rights are voluntarily exchanged at a price arranged completely by the mutual consent of sellers and buyers In Economics, an incentive is any factor (financial or non-financial that provides a motive for a particular course of action or counts as a reason for preferring one choice
- In foreign policy, neolibertartianism would be characterized by,
- A policy of diplomacy that promotes consensual government and human rights and opposes dictatorship. Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states Informed consent is a legal condition whereby a person can be said to have given Consent based upon an appreciation and understanding of the facts implications Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled A dictatorship is usually defined as an autocratic Form of government in which the Government is ruled by a Dictator.
- A policy of using US military force solely at the discretion of the US, but only in circumstances where American interests are directly affected. A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking This article is about the generic foreign affairs term See The National Interest for the political journal
Putting a different spin on it, the website "Neo-Libertarian" says that neo-libertarianism: [4]
- . . . means making a political commitment to combat the initiation of force and fraud by the most effective and moral route possible; paleo-libertarians deal in words and thoughts, while neo-libertarians commit themselves to expanding freedom from the rhetorical world to the real world. It's the difference between saying something for freedom and doing something for freedom.
- Moreover, it's a commitment to the universality of freedom; just as calling oneself 'The Government' cannot legitimately add to one's natural rights, drawing an invisible line on a map and calling it 'The Border' cannot legitimately subtract from one's natural rights. A map is a visual representation of an area—a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that space such as objects, Regions, and Themes People in foreign lands have the same natural rights as people in the house next door; neo-libertarianism is about finding the most practical ways to stop infringements against the liberty of those around the globe, including the use of force if necessary, just as we would use local police and courts to stop infringements of liberty next door.
- Put more succinctly: Individuals are the only morally significant unit of political economy. As commonly used, individual refers to a Person or to any specific object in a collection Political economy originally was the term for studying production buying and selling and their relations with law custom and government Individuals are imbued with infinite liberties circumscribed only by the rights of others to not be coerced or defrauded. The central right of humanity is the right to resist an aggressor, even if you aren't the victim.
Historical roots
Historically, the neolibertarian/paleolibertarian debate was more a question of incrementalism vs. a no-compromise, strict adherence to a principled position in matters of government interference, and the paleolibertarians' rejection of the Vietnam era alliance with the New Left in favor of an alliance with paleoconservatives. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia The New Left were the Left-wing movements in different countries in the 1960s and 1970s that unlike the earlier leftist focus on union activism instead adopted a Paleoconservatism (sometimes shortened to paleo or paleocon when the context is clear is a term for an anti-communist and Anti-authoritarian As the definition of the terms and the debate has shifted, today the divide is far more between neolibertarians and much of the rest of the libertarian movement. The most crucial and watershed issue in this divide has been the Iraq War. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign anarcho-capitalists, paleolibertarians, minarchists, and "mainstream" Libertarian Party types generally came out very strongly against the Iraq war specifically and war in general, consistent with libertarians' historical support of either a non-interventionist or isolationist foreign policy (on both principled and practical grounds), while some Libertarian Party members, neolibertarians, and libertarian Republicans generally were in favor of the war. Anarcho-capitalism (also known as Free-market anarchism) is an individualist anarchist Political philosophy that advocates the elimination Paleolibertarianism is a school of thought within American Libertarianism founded by Lew Rockwell and Murray Rothbard, and closely associated In Civics, minarchism, sometimes called minimal Statism, small government, or limited-government Libertarianism The Libertarian Party is a United States political party founded on December 11 1971 War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units Nonintervention or non-interventionism is a foreign policy which holds that political rulers should avoid alliances with other nations and avoid all wars not related to direct Isolationism is a Foreign policy which combines a non-interventionist military policy and a political policy of Economic nationalism ( Protectionism A libertarian Republican (LR is a person who subscribes to libertarian philosophy while typically voting for and being involved with the United States Republican Party The debate ignited has been one of the most bitter in the 40-plus year history of the modern libertarian movement. The libertarian movement consists of the various individuals and institutions who expound or promote the ideas and causes of Libertarianism.
Conservatism and neolibertarianism
Neolibertarianism derives a great deal from neoconservatism, a brand of conservatism favoring intervention in foreign affairs. Neoconservatism (or Neocon is a Right-wing political philosophy that emerged in the United States from the rejection of the Social liberalism, Moral relativism Neolibertarianism also overlaps to a lesser extent with paleoconservatism and other brands of conservatism, although it does not historically originate from them. Paleoconservatism (sometimes shortened to paleo or paleocon when the context is clear is a term for an anti-communist and Anti-authoritarian As with other forms of libertarianism, neolibertarianism shares with conservatives generally an aversion to federal social programs and interference in markets, and differs with conservatives generally with regard to a number of personal and social freedoms.
Criticism
A common critique of neolibertarians is that their core beliefs contain in themselves an inconsistency -- how can a government powerful and interventionist enough to fix problems abroad be trusted not to try to "solve" problems at home? Historically, there are no known examples of a State with "big" government abroad and limited government domestically. Critics often quote Randolph Bourne: "War is the health of the State. Randolph Silliman Bourne ( May 30, 1886 – December 22, 1918) was a progressive writer and public intellectual born in Bloomfield " Neolibertarians typically respond to this criticism by saying that they only support military engagements that remove impediments to capitalism and consensual government, and only in the most extreme situations.
Neolibertarians also argue that a policy of either neutrality or isolationism is, in some cases, antithetical to both American interests, and counterproductive to ensuring the spread of both consensual governance and free-market capitalism. In short, neolibertarians believe that war, irrespective of the powers it bestows upon the state, is, when faced with an existential threat, preferable to national extinction, and that a dogmatic anti-war policy is not only ineffective, but actively immoral, in that it denies that a responsibility exists to fight for personal liberty and consensual government.
Noninterventionist libertarians respond that a principle of self-defense and overwhelming military superiority adequately addresses legitimate threats against national security. Further, they argue that liberty is more likely to spread around the world through peace and commerce than through external military force.
This is an area where neolibertarians and neoconservatives slightly differ. Where neoconservatives strongly support the building of democratic governments in the wake of militarily defeated governments, neolibertarians are equally concerned with letting individual liberty, including free-market capitalism, operate after any military victory. A free market is a Market in which property rights are voluntarily exchanged at a price arranged completely by the mutual consent of sellers and buyers Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where If capitalism is allowed to operate, they argue, the former subjects of militarily defeated governments will naturally arrange governments (whatever the form) which are, if only out of political expediency, more friendly to their subjects' newfound economic freedoms--and personal liberties--and therefore much less likely to jeopardize the benefits which neolibertarians believe capitalism and consensual government offers.
Moreover, neolibertarians argue that consensual government alone is not, in and of itself, a solution to extremism. Neolibertarians argue that it is not enough that a government be democratic, but that it also must be classically liberal. As Dale Franks notes:
[Democracy] is a wonderful method for ascertaining what the people want, and selecting leaders to carry out the people's will. Dale Franks (1964-) is an American author radio personality and political military and economic affairs analyst It is not, however, in and of itself, a particularly good way of ensuring that what people want is the right thing.
Neolibertarians, therefore, advocate a more holistic solution than neoconservatives, in that it incorporates both personal and economic liberty as an antidote to Totalitarianism. Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a concept used to describe Political systems where a State regulates nearly every aspect of public and private Neolibertarians believe that political and economic liberty are naturally complementary and mutually reinforcing, and that a concentration on political liberalization alone is not a complete answer to reforming totalitarian states.
Libertarian pundit Anthony Gregory criticizes neolibertarians who "still believe that the government, which supposedly can’t do anything right, can still wage war correctly. "[5]
Prominent neolibertarians
See also
- Neoconservatism
- Neoliberalism
- Paleoconservatism
- Paleoliberalism
- Paleolibertarianism
- The New Libertarian - Online journal relating to neolibertarianism
External resources
References
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