The Château de Ferrières completed 1855 was a deliberate copy of Mentmore Towers (below). Château de Ferrières is a French Château built between 1855 and 1859 by Baron James de Rothschild. Mentmore Towers is a large Neo-Renaissance English country house in the village of Mentmore in Buckinghamshire. However, the "English Renaissance" style, of Mentmore when transported to France, was given an "Italianate" air.

Mentmore Towers English Neo-Renaissance completed in 1854, was a copy of Wollaton Hall completed in 1588. Mentmore Towers is a large Neo-Renaissance English country house in the village of Mentmore in Buckinghamshire.

"Neo-Renaissance" is an all encompassing style designation that covers many aspects of those 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Grecian (see Greek Revival) nor Gothic (see Gothic Revival) but which instead drew for inspiration upon a wide range of classicizing Italian modes; under the broad designation "Renaissance architecture" nineteenth-century architects and critics included more than the style of buildings which began in Florence and central Italy in the early 15th century, as an expression of Humanism; they also included styles we would identify as Mannerist or Baroque. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries predominantly in northern Europe and the United States The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe in which there was a Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal Mannerism is a period of European art which emerged from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Self-applied style designations were rife in the mid- and later nineteenth century: "Neo-Renaissance" might be applied by contemporaries to some structures that others simply called "Italianate", or when many French Baroque features are present (Second Empire). In the course of the history of Classical architecture, an Italianate style of architecture was a distinct nineteenth-century phase in which Italian sixteenth-century French Baroque and Classicism French Baroque is a form of Baroque architecture that evolved in France during the reigns of Louis XIII (1610-43 Louis This article is about the Second Empire architectural style For France during the reign of Napoleon III of France, see Second French Empire

The varying forms in which architecture developed in different parts of Europe, particularly France and Italy, during the Renaissance period has added further to the difficulties in defining and recognising Neo-Renaissance architecture. When one compares the English Wollaton Hall,^[1] Italian Palazzo Pitti, the French Château de Chambord, and the Russian Palace of Facets — all deemed "Renaissance" — one can appreciate how divergent the same architectural designation can be. The Palazzo Pitti, in English sometimes called the Pitti Palace, is a vast mainly Renaissance Palace in The royal Château de Chambord at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France is one of the most recognizable Châteaux in the world because of its very The Palace of the Facets (Грановитая Палата is a diminutive palace in the Moscow Kremlin which contains what used to be the main banquet reception hall of the

Origin of the Neo-Renaissance

Main article Renaissance architecture. Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe in which there was a

The Palazzo Farnese, Rome 1534 -1545 Designed by Sangallo and Michelangelo. For other palaces with this name see Palazzo Farnese (disambiguation. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, born Antonio Cordiani ( April 12, 1484 - August 3, 1546) was an Italian architect active Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime One of them by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all A patrician family house. The term " patrician " originally referred to a group of elite families in Ancient Rome, including both their natural and ". . its dignified opulence later became the accepted style in Europe for clubs and banks"^[2]

The original Renaissance perspective of architecture is generally accredited to Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 - 1446)^[3] the underlying feature of the work of Brunelleschi and his contemporaries was "order". Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – April 15, 1446) was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. From this came a desire for symmetry and careful proportion. A feature which had not been evident in the preceding medieval and Gothic forms of architecture. This movement grew from a study of the anatomy of nature, in particular the human form, a science first studied by the Greeks.

Neo-Renaissance arcitecture is formed by not only the severe original Italian architecture but by the form in which Renaissance architecture developed in France during the 16th century. During the early years of the 16th century the French were involved in wars in northern Italy, bringing back to France not just the Renaissance art treasures as their war booty, but also stylistic ideas. Related categories Central Italy Southern Italy Insular Italy Northeast Italy Treasure (from Greek θησαυρος Thesaurus, meaning "a treasure of the chest" is a Cognate) is a concentration of riches often one In the Loire valley a wave of chateau building was carried out using traditional French Gothic styles but with ornament in the forms of pediments, arcades, shallow pilasters and entablatures from the Italian Renaissance. Loire Valley (Vallée de la Loire is known as the Garden of France and the Cradle of the French Language. For other senses of this word see Château (disambiguation. A château (plural châteaux) is a Manor house or residence The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th

In England the Renaissance tended to manifest itself in large square tall houses such as Longleat House. This article is about the stately home and related attractions Often these buildings had symmetrical towers which hint at the evolution from medieval fortified architecture. This is particularly evident at Hatfield House built between 1607 and 1611, where medieval towers jostle with a large Italian cupola. Hatfield House is a Country house set in a large park the Great Park on the eastern side of the town of Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England. This is why so many buildings of the early English Neo-Renaissance style often have more of a "castle air" than their European contemporaries, which can add again to the confusion with the Gothic revival style. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began

When in the 19th century Renaissance style architecture into vogue, it often materialised not just in its original form according to geography, but as a hybrid of all its earlier forms according to the whims of architects and patrons rather than geography and culture. If this were not confusing enough, the new Neo-Renaissance then frequently borrowed architectural elements from the succeeding Mannerist period, and in many cases the even later Baroque period. Mannerism and Baroque being two very opposing styles of architecture. Architectural styles classify Architecture in terms of Form, techniques, Materials, time period region etc Mannerism was exemplified by the Palazzo del Te and Baroque by the Wurzburg Residenz. Palazzo del Te or Palazzo Te is a palace in the suburbs of Mantua, Italy. The Würzburg Residenz (Residence is a Palace in Würzburg, Germany.

Thus Italian, French and Flemish Renaissance coupled with the amount of borrowing from these later periods can cause great difficulty and argument in correctly identifying various forms of 19th century architecture. Differentiating some forms of French Neo-Renaissance buildings from those of the Gothic revival can at times be especially difficult, as both styles were simultaneously popular during the 19th century. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began

Birth of the Neo-Renaissance

New Zealand: Otago Boys' High School. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Otago Boys' High School is one of New Zealand's oldest boys' Secondary schools located in Dunedin, New Zealand. R A Lawson's 1885 Neo-Renaissance extravaganza of turrets and gables. Robert Arthur Lawson ( 1 January 1833 &ndash 3 December 1902) was one of New Zealand 's most eminent 19th century architects In Architecture, a turret (from Italian: torretta, little tower Latin: turris, tower is a small Tower that A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof

Russia: The façade of the Vladimir Palace in Saint Petersburg (1867-72) redolent of Alberti's designs. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Vladimir Palace (Влади́мирский дворе́ц Vladimirsky dvorets was the last imperial palace to be constructed in Saint Petersburg, Russia Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Leon Battista Alberti ( February 14, 1404 &ndash April 25, 1472) was an Italian author artist Architect, Poet

Triumphtor, Potsdam, 1851

Czech Republic: Prague, National Theatre 1862. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The Národní Divadlo or the National Theatre in Prague is known as the Alma Mater of Czech Opera, and as the national Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday

John Ruskin's panegyrics to architectural wonders of Venice and Florence contributed to shifting "the attention of scholars and designers, with their awareness heightened by debate and restoration work"^[4] from Late Neoclassicism and Gothic Revival to the Italian Renaissance. John Ruskin (8 February 1819 &ndash 20 January 1900 is best known for his work as an Art critic, sage writer, and Social critic, but is remembered Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and As a consequence a self-consciously "Neo-Renaissance" manner first began to appear circa 1840. By 1890 this movement was already in decline. The Hague's Peace Palace completed in 1913, in a heavy french Neo-Renaissance manner was one of the last notable buildings in this style. The Peace Palace ("Vredespaleis" in Dutch) situated in The Hague, Netherlands, is often called the seat of International law

Charles Barry introduced the Neo-Renaissance to England with his design of the Travellers Club, Pall Mall (1829-32). Sir Charles Barry FRS ( 23 May 1795 &ndash 12 May 1860) was an English Architect, best known for his role England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Travellers Club is a Gentlemen's club standing at 106 Pall Mall, London. Pall Mall (pæl mæl is a street in the City of Westminster, London, situated in SW1 and parallel to The Mall, from St Other early but typical, domestic examples of the Neo-Renaissance include Mentmore Towers and the Château de Ferrières, both designed in the 1850s by Joseph Paxton for members of the Rothschild banking family. Mentmore Towers is a large Neo-Renaissance English country house in the village of Mentmore in Buckinghamshire. Château de Ferrières is a French Château built between 1855 and 1859 by Baron James de Rothschild. Sir Joseph Paxton ( 3 August 1803 &ndash 8 June 1865) was an English Gardener and Architect, best known The Rothschild family (often referred to simply as the Rothschilds) is an international Banking and Finance Dynasty of German The style is characterized by original Renaissance motifs, taken from such Quattrocento architects as Alberti. In art a motif is a repeated idea pattern image or theme Paisley designs are referred to as motifs Leon Battista Alberti ( February 14, 1404 &ndash April 25, 1472) was an Italian author artist Architect, Poet These motifs included rusticated masonry and quoins, windows framed by architraves and doors crowned by pediments and entablatures. Rustication is an architectural term that contrasts with Ashlar, smoothly finished squared block masonry surfaces Quoins are the corner stones of brick or stone walls Quoins may be structural or may be decorative The architrave (also called epistyle or door frame) is a moulded or ornamental band framing a rectangular opening A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the horizontal structure ( Entablature) typically supported by An entablature (ɛnˈtæblətʃɚ Latin, and tabula, a tablet) refers to the superstructure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above If a building were of several floors the uppermost floor usually had small square windows representing the minor mezzanine floor of the original Renaissance designs. However, the Neo-renaissance style later came to incorporate Romanesque and Baroque features not found in the original Renaissance architecture which was often more severe in its design. Regional characteristics of Romanesque architecture|Romanesque art Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc

Like all architectural styles the Neo-Renaissance did not appear overnight fully formed but evolved slowly. One of the very first signs of its emergence was the Würzburg Women's Prison, which was erected in 1809 designed by Peter Speeth. Würzburg (ˈvʏɐ̯ʦbʊɐ̯k is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany It included a heavily rusticated ground floor, alleviated by one semicircular arch, with a curious Egyptian style miniature portico above, high above this were a sequence of six tall arched windows and above these just beneath the slightly projecting roof were the small windows of the upper floor. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. A portico is a Porch that is leading to the entrance of a building or extended as a Colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway supported by Columns This building foreshadows similar effects in the work of the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson whose work in the Neo-Renaissance style was popular in the USA during the 1880s. Henry Hobson Richardson ( September 29, 1838 &ndash April 27, 1886) was a prominent American Architect of the 19th Richardson's style at the end or the revival era was a severe mix of both Romanesque and Renaissance features. ^[5] This was exemplified by his "Marshall Field Warehouse" in Chicago (completed in 1887, now demolished). Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States.

However, while the beginning of Neo-Renaissance period can be defined by its simplicity and severity, what came between was far more ornate in its design. This period can be defined by some of the great opera houses of the Europe, such as Gottfried Semper's Burgtheater in Vienna, and his Opera house in Dresden. An opera house is a theater building used for Opera performances that consists of a stage an orchestra pit audience seating and backstage facilities for costumes Gottfried Semper ( November 29 1803 - May 15 1879) was a German Architect, Art critic, and professor of Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German This ornate form of the Neo-renaissance, originating from France^[6] is sometimes known as the "Second Empire" style, by now it also incorporated some Baroque elements. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc By 1875 it had become the accepted style in Europe for all public and bureaucratic buildings. ^[7] In England where Sir George Gilbert Scott designed the London Foreign Office in this style between 1860 and 1875 it also incorporated certain Palladian features. Sir George Gilbert Scott ( 13 July 1811 &ndash 27 March, 1878) was an English Architect of the Victorian Age The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, commonly called the Foreign Office or the FCO, is the British government department responsible for promoting PLEASE DO NOT ADD AN INFO BOX TO THIS PAGE --> Palladian architecture is a European style of Architecture derived from the designs of the Italian

Starting with the orangery of Sanssouci (1851), "the Neo-Renaissance became the obligatory style for university and public buildings, for banks and financial institutions, and for the urban villas" in Germany. An Orangery was a building frequently found in the grounds of fashionable residences from the 17th to the 19th century and given a classicising architectural form Sanssouci is the former summer palace of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, at Potsdam, near ^[8] At Sanssouci in 1851, even the most established Roman idiom of the triumphal arch was abandoned and recast in a neo-Renaissance mode for Friedrich Wilhelm IV in erecting the Triumphtor in the hundred and sixth year, so its inscription states, since the founding of Sanssouci (illustration). A triumphal arch is a structure in the shape of a monumental Archway, in theory built to celebrate a victory in war actually used to celebrate a ruler Among the most accomplished examples of the style were Villa Meyer in Dresden, Palais Borsig in Berlin, Villa Meissner in Leipzig; the German version of Neo-Renaissance culminated in such turgid projects as the Town Hall in Hamburg (1886-97) and the Reichstag in Berlin (completed in 1894). Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany The Reichstag building in Berlin was constructed to house the Reichstag, the first Parliament of the German Empire.

In Austria, it was pioneered by such illustrious names as Rudolf Eitelberger, the founder of the Viennese College of Arts and Crafts (today known as the University for Applied Arts). Rudolf Eitelberger, full name Rudolf Eitelberger von Edelberg (born 17 April 1817, Olomouc, Moravia; died 18 April Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Arts and crafts comprise a whole host of activities and hobbies that are related to making things with one's own hands and skill The style found particular favour in Vienna where whole streets and blocks were built in the so-called Neo-Renaissance style, in reality a classisizing conglomeration of elements liberally borrowed from different historical periods. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria.

Andrássy Avenue with the Hungarian State Opera House in 1896

Neo-Renaissance was also the favourite style in Kingdom of Hungary in the 1870s and 1880s. Andrássy Avenue ( Andrássy út, literally "Andrássy Road" is an iconic street in Budapest, Hungary, linking Erzsébet tér ("Elizabeth The building of the Hungarian State Opera House (Magyar Állami Operaház is a splendid example of Neo-Renaissance architecture The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 In the fast growing capital, Budapest many monumental public buildings were built in Neo-Renaissance style like Saint Stephen's Basilica and the Hungarian State Opera House. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, St Stephen's Basilica ( Hungarian: Szent István-bazilika) is an Ecclesiastic Basilica in Budapest, Hungary. The building of the Hungarian State Opera House (Magyar Állami Operaház is a splendid example of Neo-Renaissance architecture Andrássy Avenue is an outstanding ensemble of Neo-Renaissance townhouses from the last decades of the 19th century. Andrássy Avenue ( Andrássy út, literally "Andrássy Road" is an iconic street in Budapest, Hungary, linking Erzsébet tér ("Elizabeth The most famous Hungarian architect of the age, Miklós Ybl preferred Neo-Renaissance in his works. Miklós Ybl ( Hungarian: Ybl Miklós; born April 6 1814 in Székesfehérvár; died January 22 1891 in Budapest) was one of Europe

In Russia, the style was pioneered by Auguste de Montferrand in the Demidov House (1835), the first in Saint Petersburg to take "a story-by-story approach to facade ornamentation, in contrast to the classical method, where the facade was conceived as a unit". Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Auguste de Montferrand ( January 23, 1786 &ndash July 10, 1858) was a French Neoclassical Architect who worked primarily Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River ^[9] Konstantin Thon, the most popular Russian architect of the time, used Italianate elements profusely for decorating some interiors of the Grand Kremlin Palace (1837-51). Thon links here For other uses see Thon (disambiguation Konstantin Andreyevich Thon, also spelled Ton (Russian Константин The Grand Kremlin Palace (Большой Кремлёвский дворец Bolshoy Kremlyovskiy Dvorets) also translated Great Kremlin Palace, was built from Another fashionable architect, Andrei Stackensneider, was responsible for Marie Palace (1839-44), with "the faceted rough-hewn stone of the first floor" reminiscent of 16th-century Italian palazzi. Andrei Ivanovich Stackenschneider (Андрей Иванович Штакеншнейдер (1802-1865 also spelled Stuckenschneider, was a Russian architect Mariinsky Palace, also known as Marie Palace (Мариинcкий дворец was the last Neoclassical imperial Palace to be constructed ^[10]

USA: The Breakers, Newport, Rhode Island 1893

The style was further elaborated by architects of the Vladimir Palace (1867-72) and culminated in the Stieglitz Museum (1885-1896). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Breakers is a Vanderbilt mansion located on Ochre Point Avenue NewportRhode IslandUSA, United States on the Atlantic Ocean. Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence The Vladimir Palace (Влади́мирский дворе́ц Vladimirsky dvorets was the last imperial palace to be constructed in Saint Petersburg, Russia The Stieglitz Museum of Decorative and Applied Arts ranks among the most significant Museums in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In Moscow, the Neo-Renaissance was less popular than in the Northern capital, although interiors of the neo-Muscovite City Duma (1890-92) were executed with emphasis on Florentine and Venetian décor. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of While the Neo-Renaissance is associated primarily with secular buildings, Princes Yusupov commissioned the interior of their palace church (1909-16) near Moscow to be decorated in strict imitataton of the 16th-century Venetian churches. Yusupov, (Юсупов or Yusupova, (feminine ru Юсупова is a Russian surname of Tatar (Йосыпов Yosıpov origin Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of

The style spread to North America where as in Europe it was a favourite domestic architectural style of the very wealthy, The Breakers in Rhode Island, a residence of the Vanderbilt family, designed by R M Hunt in 1870 being a prime example. The Breakers is a Vanderbilt mansion located on Ochre Point Avenue NewportRhode IslandUSA, United States on the Atlantic Ocean. Rhode Island ( officially named the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States This article details the family of Cornelius Vanderbilt For other uses see Vanderbilt (disambiguation. During the latter half of the 19th century 5th Avenue in New York was lined with "Renaissance" French chateaux, and Italian palazzi all in one or the other of the Neo-Renaissance styles. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous For other meanings (eg the word's use in place names see Palazzo (disambiguation. Most of these have since been demolished.

Features of the Neo-Renaissance

A Renaissance staircase at the Château de Chambord completed in 1547. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere The royal Château de Chambord at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France is one of the most recognizable Châteaux in the world because of its very Variations of this design became a popular feature of the Neo-Renaissance. (See Waddesdon illustrated right)

One of the Neo-Renaissance staircase-towers at Waddesdon Manor modelled in the 1870s on the staircase turret (illustrated left) at the Château de Chambord

One of the most widely copied features of Renaissance architecture were the great staircases from the chateaux of Blois and Chambord. Waddesdon Manor is a country house in the village of Waddesdon, in Buckinghamshire, England. In Architecture, a turret (from Italian: torretta, little tower Latin: turris, tower is a small Tower that The royal Château de Chambord at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France is one of the most recognizable Châteaux in the world because of its very The Royal Château de Blois is located in the Loir-et-Cher département in the Loire Valley, in France. The royal Château de Chambord at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France is one of the most recognizable Châteaux in the world because of its very ^[11] Blois had been the favourite residence of the French Kings throughout the renaissance. List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below The Francis I wing, completed in 1524, of which the staircase is an integral part was one of the earliest examples of French Renaissance. Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 French Renaissance is a recent term used to describe a cultural and artistic movement in France from the late 15th century to the early 17th century ^[12] French renaissance architecture was a combination of the earlier Gothic style coupled with a strong Italian influence represented by arches, arcades, ballustrading and, in general, a more flowing line of design than had been apparent in the earlier Gothic. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. The Chateau de Blois's triumphal staircase was imitated almost from the moment of its completion, and was certainly the predecessor of the "double staircase" (sometimes attributed to Leonardo da Vinci) at the Château de Chambord just a few years later. Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( April 15 1452 – May 2 1519 was an Italian Polymath, having been a scientist Mathematician, Engineer The royal Château de Chambord at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France is one of the most recognizable Châteaux in the world because of its very A Grand Staircase whether based on that of Blois, or the Villa Farnese was to become one of the features of Neo-Renaissance design. For the similarly named structure on the RMS Titanic, see Grand Staircase of the Titanic For the stairs in the White House see Grand The Villa Farnese, also known as Palazzo Farnese or Villa Caprarola, is a Mansion in the town of Caprarola in the Province of Viterbo It became a common feature for the staircase to be not just a feature of the internal architecture but also the external. But whereas at Blois the stairs had been open to the elements in the 19th century new and innovative use of glass was able to give protection from the weather, giving the staircase the appearance of being in the true renaissance open style, when it was in fact a truly internal feature. Further and more adventurous use of glass also enabled the open and arcaded Renaissance courtyards to be reproduced as lofty halls with glazed roofs. This was a feature at Mentmore Towers and on a far larger scale at the Warsaw University of Technology, where the large glazed court contained a monumental staircase. Warsaw University of Technology ( Polish: Politechnika Warszawska) is the largest academic school of technology in Poland, and one of the largest in The "Warsaw University of Technology staircase", though if Renaissance in spirit at all, is more in the lighter, more columned style of Ottaviano Nonni's (named il Mascherino) staircase designed for Pope Gregory XIII at Rome's Palazzo Quirinale in 1584, thus demonstrating that architects wherever their location were selecting their Neo-Renaissance styles reardless of geography

Neo-Renaissance and Gothic

The Nationalmuseum in Stockholm in "Italian Renaissance" style "Florentine and Venetian". A column in Structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural Ottaviano Nonni, called Il Mascherino ( 1536 - August 6, 1606) was an Italian architect sculptor and painter born in Bologna and History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Pope Gregory XIII (January 7 1502 &ndash April 10 1585 born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope from 1572 to 1585 The Quirinal Palace (known in Italian as the Palazzo del Quirinale or simply the Quirinale) is the Official residence of the President Nationalmuseum ( Swedish: "National Museum" is the national gallery of Sweden, located on the peninsula Blasieholmen in central Stockholm ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the ^[13]

A Neo-Renaissance doorway illustrates the Gothic influence on the French Renaissance. In this case the Venetian floral Gothic. A Renaissance segmented arched door is beneath the Gothic point

Strictly speaking there are no similarities between Renaissance architecture and the Gothic. However, as the French Renaissance evolved from the addition of Renaissance ornament to Gothic based buildings, and also some architecture such as the courtyard of the Doge's Palace were constructed during the period of transition, occasionally some Gothic influences can be discerned. During the Neo-Renaissance period competent architects usually avoided all reference to the Gothic drawing instead on a variety of other classically based styles. However, there are exceptions and on occasions the two divergent styles were mixed. When this happened the chosen form of Gothic was often the floral Venetian Gothic. One example of this is The Nationalmuseum in Stockholm, completed in 1866. Nationalmuseum ( Swedish: "National Museum" is the national gallery of Sweden, located on the peninsula Blasieholmen in central Stockholm ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the It was designed by Friedrich August Stüler, who also built the Neues Museum in Berlin. Friedrich August Stüler ( January 28, 1800 &ndash March 18, 1865) was an influential Prussian Architect and builder Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.

In the background to the right of the National Museum in the illustration is seen the Nordic Museum (1888-1907), by Isak Gustaf Clason, in a high-gabled Northern Renaissance style reminiscent of the Dutch-influenced Danish Frederiksborg Palace (c. This article is about the Nordic Museum in Stockholm For the Nordic Museum in the Ballard district of Seattle, Washington see Nordic Heritage Museum Isak Gustaf Clason (1856-1930 was a Swedish Architect. Biography Clason studied Engineering and later Architecture at the The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in Northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy. Frederiksborg Palace is a Palace in Hillerød, Denmark. It was built as a royal residence for King Christian IV, and is now known as The Museum 1600).

Baroque influences in the Neo-Renaissance

Paris Hôtel de Ville completed circa 1880 in an unequivocal French Neo-Renaissance style. The Hôtel de Ville ( French for " City Hall " in Paris, France, is the building housing the City of Paris's administration

The staircase at the Warsaw University of Technology with strong Baroque influences

A common Baroque feature introduced into the Neo-Renaissance was the "imperial staircase" (a single straight flight dividing into two separate flights). Warsaw University of Technology ( Polish: Politechnika Warszawska) is the largest academic school of technology in Poland, and one of the largest in Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Paxton's staircase at Mentmore Towers and that at the Warsaw University of Technology (designed by Bronisław Rogóyski and Stefan Szyller in the late 19th century) both rise from pastiches of true Renaissance courtyards, yet both staircases seem more akin to Balthasar Neumann's great Baroque staircase at the Würzburg Residenz than anything found in a true Renaissance Palazzo. The word pastiche describes a literary or other artistic Genre. ( January 27, 1687 - August 19, 1753) was a German military engineer and Architect who developed a refined brand of The Würzburg Residenz (Residence is a Palace in Würzburg, Germany. Yet the apparent Baroque style staircase at Mentmore is not without a Renaissance influence, its first flight is similar to "The staircase of the Giants" at the Venetian Doge's Palace which rises from a courtyard constructed when the Venetian Gothic was being uncomfortably merged with Renaissance style. The Doge's Palace is a gothic Palace in Venice. In Italian it is called the Palazzo Ducale di Venezia. Similarly to that at Mentmore, the Staircase of the Giant's terminates on to an arcaded loggia. Perhaps not ironically the Hall and Staircase at Mentmore were designed by Paxton to display furniture formerly housed in the Doge's Palace.

Paris has many buildings in a combined style of Neo-Renaissance and Baroque, such as the Opera Garnier, which seem to fit into neither category. The Palais Garnier, also known as the Opéra de Paris or Opéra Garnier, but more commonly as the Paris Opéra, is a 2200-seat However, the Parisian Hôtel de Ville is firmly in the true Renaissance style as it evolved in France, complete with the steeply pitched roofs and towers. The Hôtel de Ville ( French for " City Hall " in Paris, France, is the building housing the City of Paris's administration The rebuilding completed circa 1880 faithfully reproduced the Renaissance architectural details of the previous Hôtel de Ville. ^[14] In another corner of the world far removed from Paris, the Writers' building in Kolkata was refaced according to the latest fashion in 1880. Writers' Building ( Bengali: মহাকরণ Mahakaran) is the Secretariat of the West Bengal State Government and is located in This building is amazing in its design. Loggias of Serlian arches form deceptively an almost Indian appearance, yet they sit beneath a Mansard roof. PLEASE DO NOT ADD AN INFO BOX TO THIS PAGE --> Palladian architecture is a European style of Architecture derived from the designs of the Italian A Mansard or Mansard roof in Architecture refers to a style of Hip roof characterized by two slopes on each of its four sides with the lower slope being In what at first glance appears an Eastern building, yet on closere examination is a classic example of Palladianism combined with French Renaissance, an almost unique example of this style of Neo-Renaissance. PLEASE DO NOT ADD AN INFO BOX TO THIS PAGE --> Palladian architecture is a European style of Architecture derived from the designs of the Italian

Neo-Renaissance Interiors

True Renaissance: The Villa Farnese: the curved staircase, tall segmented windows, and marble balustrading. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere The Villa Farnese, also known as Palazzo Farnese or Villa Caprarola, is a Mansion in the town of Caprarola in the Province of Viterbo A baluster (according to OED derived through the French balustre, from Italian balaustro, from balaustra, "pomegranate flower" Were all features frequently reproduced in the 19th century revival

As mentioned above, the Neo-Renaissance style was in reality an eclectic blending of past styles, which the architect selected on the whims of his patrons. In the true Renaissance era there was a division of labour between the architect, who designed the exterior highly visible shell, and others — the artisans — who decorated and arranged the interior. Division of labour or specialization is the specialization of cooperative labour in specific circumscribed tasks and roles intended to increase the Productivity ^[15] The original Italian mannerist house was a place for relaxation and entertaining, convenience and comfort of the interior being a priority; in the later Baroque designs, comfort and interior design were secondary to outward appearance. Interior design is a practice concerned with anything that is found inside a space - walls windows doors finishes textures light furnishings and furniture This was followed by the Neoclassical period, which gave importance to the proportions and dignity of interiors, but still lost the comfort and internal convenience of the mannerist period. Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century both as a reaction against the Rococo It was during the Neo-Renaissance period of the 19th century that the mannerist comforts were re-discovered and taken a step further. Not only did the improved building techniques of the 1850s allow the glazing of formerly open loggias and arches with the newly invented sheets of plate glass, providing the first "picture windows", but also the blending of architectural styles allowed interiors and exteriors to be treated differently. Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many Loggia is the name given to an Architectural feature originally of Italian design which is often a gallery or Corridor generally on the ground An arch is a structure that spans a space while supporting weight (e It was at this time that the concept of "furnishing styles" manifested itself, allowing distinctions to be made between interior rooms and external appearances, and indeed between the various rooms themselves. ^[16] Thus the modern concept of treating a room individually, and differently from its setting and neighbours, came into its infancy. Classic examples of this are the great Rothschild house in Buckinghamshire, hybrids of various Renaissance chateaux, and 16th century English country houses, all with interiors ranging from "Versailles" to "Medici", and in the case of Mentmore Towers a huge central hall, resembling the arcaded courtyard of a Renaissance villa, conveniently glazed over, furnished in Venetian style and heated by a fireplace designed by Rubens for his house in Antwerp^[17]

Legacy

Provincial Neo-Renaissance English style: the NatWest Bank at Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, England is an example of the provincial and unaccomplished manner in which Neo-Renaissance architecture evolved as it gained in popularity. Of all the landowners in the Buckinghamshire area none have had more impact on the landscape than the Rothschild family. Cross-genre (Also known as Hybrid) is a term that refers to Fiction or media, such as movies, Books Music, or Video For other senses of this word see Château (disambiguation. A château (plural châteaux) is a Manor house or residence The English country house is generally accepted as a large House or Mansion, once in the ownership of an individual who also usually owned another Great Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the National Westminster Bank Plc, or NatWest as it is commonly known is a Commercial bank in the United Kingdom which has been part of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group Bedfordshire (abbreviated Beds) is a County in England that forms part of the East of England region. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Like thousands of other Neo-Renaissance buildings it sits unremarkably in a small provincial market town.

By the beginning of the 20th century Neo-Renaissance was a commonplace sight on the main streets of thousands of towns, large and small around, the world. In southern Europe the Neo-Renaissance style began to fall from favour circa 1900. The term Southern Europe can have four definitions geographical political climatic phytogeographic However, it was still extensively practiced in the 1910s in Saint Petersburg and Buenos Aires by such architects as Leon Benois (picture), Marian Peretyatkovich (picture), or Francisco Tamburini (picture). Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern Leon Benois ( Russian: Леонтий Николаевич Бенуа, 1856-1928 was a Russian architect son of Nicholas Benois, brother of Marian Marianovich Peretyatkovich (Мариа́н Мариа́нович Перетя́ткович 23 August, 1872 — 22 May, 1916) was a

In England it was so common that today one finds "Renaissance Italian Palazzi" serving as banks or municipal buildings in the centres of even the smallest and most obscure towns. Often these buildings now have an air of neglect, or been thoughtlessly altered and extended in a variety of incongruous styles. It has been said "It is a well-known fact that the nineteenth century had no art style of its own. "^[18] While to an extent this may be true, the same could be said if most eras until the early 20th century, the Neo-Renaissance in the hands of provincial architects did develop into a style not always instantly recognisable as a derivative of the Renaissance. In this less obvious guise the Neo-Renaissance was to provide an important undercurrent in totalitarian architecture of various countries, notably in Stalinist architecture of the Soviet Union, as seen in some pavilions of the All-Soviet Exhibition Centre. Stalinist architecture (also referred to as Stalin 's Empire style Stalinist Gothic, or Socialist Classicism The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 All-Russian Exhibition Centre (Всероссийский выставочный центр is a permanent general-purpose Trade show in Moscow, Russia

Neo-Renaissance Russian style: a little recorded, Neo-Renaissance building showing Baroque and Rococo influences in Yaroslavl, Russia. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Rococo is a style of 18th century French art and Interior design. Yaroslavl (Яросла́вль is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located north-east of Moscow.

However, on the western side of the Iron curtain, the style, by now, a commonplace sight in most towns, was little built after 1900. The " Iron Curtain " was the symbolic ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II until the end In the small relatively obscure market town of Leighton Buzzard in England, a 19th century building sits almost unnoticed, its windows rotting, still used as a bank. "Leedon" redirects here For the record label see Leedon Records. Few passersby realise it is a provincial 19th century re-incarnation of the much photographed and architecturally appreciated "Palazzo Farnese" in Rome. It is a testament to the provincial architecture of England that this "Italian Renaissance Palazzo" is sited directly opposite another Victorian bank. This bank is a high roofed and gabled French renaissance style, by one of the country's greatest Victorian architects Alfred Waterhouse, that two such diverse buildings, at opposing ends of the same architectural style can sit, unremarkably, sandwiched between a collection of Georgian and Palladian buildings in the same small street. Alfred Waterhouse (19 July 1830 – 22 August 1905 was an English Architect, particularly associated with the Victorian Gothic revival. Georgian architecture is the name given in most English -speaking countries to the set of Architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840 PLEASE DO NOT ADD AN INFO BOX TO THIS PAGE --> Palladian architecture is a European style of Architecture derived from the designs of the Italian This is evidence indeed of the popularity and acceptance that the Neo-Renaissance style achieved. This wide-spread pattern and acceptance can be found in towns, wherever western culture has pervaded - from places as diverse and far afield as Yaroslavl to Dunedin. Yaroslavl (Яросла́вль is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located north-east of Moscow. Dunedin (dəˈneɪdɪn) Ōtepoti in Maori is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the principal city of the region of Neo-Renaissance architecture, because of its diversity, is perhaps the only style of architecture to have existed in so many forms, yet still common to so many countries.

Gottfried Semper's Dresden Semper Opera House of 1870, incorporating both Baroque and Renaissance architectural features. Gottfried Semper ( November 29 1803 - May 15 1879) was a German Architect, Art critic, and professor of Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German The Semperoper is the Opera house of the Saxon State Opera Dresden (German Sächsische Staatsoper Dresden) and the Concert hall of the Sächsische Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere

See also

References

External links

• Rosanna Pavoni, editor (1997) Reviving the Renaissance: The Use and Abuse of the Past in Nineteenth-Century Italian Art and Decoration in Series: Cambridge Studies in Italian History and Culture (Cambridge University Press) ISBN 0521481511. The first assessment of the Renaissance Revival in post-Unification Italy. Book synopsis
• Marek Zgórniak, Wokół neorenesansu w architekturze XIX wieku, Kraków 1987. ISBN 83-233-0187-5. General study. See abstract on the author's page.
• Lessenich, Rolf P. Ideals Versus Realities: Nineteenth-Century Decadent Identity and the Renaissance. English Neo-Renaissance in its cultural context.
• Marshall Field Warehouse, Chicago
• "History & styles: The other neo-styles of the 19th century" – Neo-Renaissance in the context of eclectic revival styles in church architecture of the Netherlands, 1850-1900. Church architecture or ecclesiastical architecture refers to the Architecture of buildings of Christian churches
• "Neo-Renaissance (1881-1921)" Neo-Renaissance building in Katowice, Poland. Katowice (Katovice Kattowitz is a City in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica