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Ati woman
Ati woman

The term Negrito refers to several ethnic groups in isolated parts of Southeast Asia. The Ati is a Negrito ethnic group in Panay, which is located in the Visayas (Islands of Panay Negros and Guimaras the central portion of the [1] Their current populations include the Aeta, Agta, Ayta, Ati, Dumagat and at least 25 other tribes of the Philippines, the Semang of the Malay peninsula, the Mani of Thailand and 12 Andamanese tribes of the Andaman Islands of India. The Aeta (pronounced as “eye-ta” Agta or Ayta are an Indigenous people who live in scattered isolated mountainous parts of Luzon, The Ati is a Negrito ethnic group in Panay, which is located in the Visayas (Islands of Panay Negros and Guimaras the central portion of the The various ethnic groups in the Philippines identify themselves based on one or several factors most popularly by parental lineage and Language. The Semang are a Negrito ethnic group of the Malay Peninsula. The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula (Semenanjung Tanah Melayu (คาบสมุทรมลายู is a major Peninsula located in Southeast The Mani are an Ethnic group of Thailand. They are the only Negrito group in Thailand and speak Tonga' (also called Mos a Mon-Khmer language The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Andamanese is a collective term to describe the peoples who are the aboriginal inhabitants of the Andaman Islands, located in the Bay of Bengal The Andaman Islands are a group of islands in the Bay of Bengal, and are part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory of India.

Negritos share some common physical features with African pygmy populations, including short stature and dark skin; however, their origin and the route of their migration to Asia is still a matter of great speculation. Pygmies (singular Pygmy) refers to a member of any human group whose adult males grow to less than 150 cm (4 feet 11 inches in average height or less than 155 cm They are genetically distant from Africans and shown to have separated early from Asians, suggesting that they are either surviving descendants of settlers from an early migration out of Africa, or that they are descendants of one of the founder populations of modern humans. [2]

Contents

Origins

Being among the least-known of all living human groups, the origins of the Negrito people is a much debated topic. The Malay term for them is orang asli, or original people. The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the Orang Asli ( lit, "original peoples" or " Aboriginal peoples " in Malay) is a general term used for any indigenous groups that are They are likely descendants of the indigenous populations of the Sunda landmass and New Guinea, predating the Mongoloid and Australoid peoples who later entered Southeast Asia. The term Indigenous Peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any Ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical Sundaland is a biogeographical region of Southeastern Asia that comprises the Malay Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago islands of Sumatra The term " Mongoloid " is a variation of the word "Mongol" meaning "Mongol-like" The Australoid race is a broad racial classification. The concept's existence is based on the typological method of racial classification. [3] Alternatively, some scientists claim they are merely a group of Australo-Melanesians who have undergone island dwarfing over thousands of years, reducing their food intake in order to cope with limited resources and adapt to a tropical rainforest environment. Anthropologist Jared Diamond in his bestselling book, Guns, Germs, and Steel suggests that the Negritos are possible ancestors of the Aboriginal Australians and Papuans of New Guinea. TemplateInfobox writer --> Jared Mason Diamond (b 10 September, 1937) is an American Evolutionary biologist Guns Germs and Steel The Fates of Human Societies is a 1997 book by Jared Diamond, professor of Geography and Physiology at UCLA This is an article about a class of people as identified and defined within Australian law The Papuans are the speakers of the Papuan languages and indigenous peoples of New Guinea. New Guinea, located just north of Australia, is the world's second largest island, having become separated from the Australian mainland when the area now known

A number of features would seem to suggest a common origin for the Negritos and African pygmies, especially in the Andamanese Islanders who have been isolated from incoming waves of Asiatic peoples. Pygmies (singular Pygmy) refers to a member of any human group whose adult males grow to less than 150 cm (4 feet 11 inches in average height or less than 155 cm The Andamanese is a collective term to describe the peoples who are the aboriginal inhabitants of the Andaman Islands, located in the Bay of Bengal (No other living human population has experienced such long-lasting isolation from contact with other groups [4]. ) These features include short stature, very dark skin, woolly hair, scant body hair and occasional steatopygia. Steatopygia (stiˌætəˈpɪdʒiə is a high degree of Fat accumulation in and around the Buttocks The deposit of fat is not confined to the Gluteal regions The claim that Andamanese pygmoids more closely resemble Africans than Asians in their cranial morphology in a 1973 study added some weight to this theory before genetic studies pointed to a closer relationship with Asians. [4] Other more recent studies have show closer craniometric affinities to Egyptians and Europeans than to Sub Saharan populations such as that of African Pygmies. Walter Neves' study of the Lagoa Santa people had the incidental correlation of showing Andamanese as classifying closer to Egyptians and Europeans than any Sub Saharan population. [5] [6] Multiple studies also show that Negritos from Southeast Asia to New Guinea share a closer cranial affinity with Australo-Melanesians. The Australoid race is a broad racial classification. The concept's existence is based on the typological method of racial classification. [3][7] Further evidence for Asian ancestry is in craniometric markers such as sundadonty, shared by Asian and Negrito populations. Anthropologist Christy Turner identified two patterns Sinodonty and Sundadonty, for East Asia, within the " Mongoloid Dental complex

It has been suggested that the craniometric similarities to Asians could merely indicate a level of interbreeding between Negritos and later waves of people arriving from the Asian mainland. This hypothesis is not supported by genetic evidence that has shown the level of isolation populations such as the Andamanese have had. Some studies have suggested that each group should be considered separately however as the genetic evidence refutes the notion of a specific shared ancestry between the "Negrito" groups of the Andaman Islands, Malay Peninsula, and Philippines. [8]

While earlier studies such as that of WW Howell allied Andamanese craniometrically with Africans they did not have recourse to genetic studies. [3] Later genetic and craniometric (mentioned earlier) studies have found more genetic affinities with Asians and Polynesians. [4] A study on blood groups and proteins in the 1950s suggested that the Andamanese were more closely related to Oceanic peoples than Africans. A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of Blood based on the presence or absence of inherited Antigenic substances on the The Andamanese is a collective term to describe the peoples who are the aboriginal inhabitants of the Andaman Islands, located in the Bay of Bengal Genetic studies on Philippine Negritos, based on polymorphic blood enzymes and antigens, showed they were similar to surrounding Asian populations. [4]

Genetic testing places all the Onge and all but two of the Great Andamanese in the mtDNA Haplogroup M, found in East Africa, East Asia, and South Asia, suggesting that the Negritos are at least partly descended from a migration originating in eastern Africa as much as 60,000 years ago. In Human genetics, Haplogroup M is a Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA haplogroup. This migration is hypothesized to have followed a coastal route through India and into Southeast Asia. Analysis of mtDNA coding sites indicated that these Andamanese fall into a subgroup of M not previously identified in human populations in Africa and Asia; these findings suggest an early split from these populations. [4]


See also

Notes

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. Kunlun Nu ( - "The K’un-lun Slave" or "The Negrito Slave" was a Wuxia romance written by P’ei Hsing ( (c The Proto-Australoids were a hypothetical ancient Hunter-gatherer people descended from the first major wave of modern humans to leave Africa 100000 years ago Pygmies (singular Pygmy) refers to a member of any human group whose adult males grow to less than 150 cm (4 feet 11 inches in average height or less than 155 cm This is a list of articles that are related to African and black people The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

  1. ^ Snow, Philip. The Star Raft: China's Encounter With Africa. Cornell Univ. Press, 1989 (ISBN 0801495830)
  2. ^ Kashyap VK, Sitalaximi T, Sarkar BN, Trivedi R 2003. Molecular relatedness of the aboriginal groups of Andaman and Nicobar Islands with similar ethnic populations. The International Journal of Human Genetics, 3: 5-11.
  3. ^ a b c Getting Here: The Story of Human Evolution, William Howells, Compass Press, 1993
  4. ^ a b c d e Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; et al (21 January 2003). "Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population". Current Biology 13, Number 2: 86-93(8).  
  5. ^ 2 Fig. 2 Morphological Affinities, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, <http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/102/51/18309/Fig. 2> 
  6. ^ Morphological Afinities, averaging graphs A through D, onedroprule. org, <http://onedroprule.org/forum/127/nevesfinal.jpg> 
  7. ^ David Bulbeck, “Races of Homo sapiens: if not in the southwest Pacific, then nowhere”, World Archaeology (Taylor & Francis) 38 (1): 109–132 year=2006, ISSN 0043-8243, doi:10.1080/00438240600564987, <http://backintyme.com/admixture/bulbeck01.pdf> 
  8. ^ Catherine Hill1 (2006), “Phylogeography and Ethnogenesis of Aboriginal Southeast Asians”, Molecular Biology and Evolution (Oxford University Press), <http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/msl124v1.pdf> 

Further reading

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