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Tomb wall depicting Nefertari, the great royal wife of pharaoh Ramesses II.
Tomb wall depicting Nefertari, the great royal wife of pharaoh Ramesses II.

Nefertari (Nefertari Merytmut or Mut-Nefertari) (c. 1300–1250 BC) was the Great Royal Wife (or principal wife) of Ramesses the Great. M23-N41X1-wrt Great Royal Wife or Chief King's Wife ( Ancient egyptian: ḥmt nswt wrt Nefertari means Beautiful Companion. She is one of the best known Egyptian queens, next to Cleopatra, Nefertiti and Hatshepsut. Cleopatra VII Philopator (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ; January 69 BC &ndash 30 BC was a Hellenistic ruler of Egypt Nefertiti (pronounced at the time something like *nafratiːta (c Hatshepsut (or Hatchepsut, hætˈʃɛpsʊt meaning Foremost of Noble Ladies, was the fifth Pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of Her lavishly decorated tomb, QV66, is the largest and most spectacular in the Valley of the Queens. For the New York prison see The Tombs. A Tomb is a repository for the remains of the dead. QV66 is the tomb of Nefertari, the Great Wife of Ramesses II, in Egypt 's Valley of the Queens. The Valley of the Queens, also known as Biban el-Harim (بيبان الحريم Biban el-Sultanat (بيبان السلطانات and Wadi el-Melikat

Contents

Biography

Although Nefertari’s origins are unknown, discoveries from her tomb, including a cartouche of Pharaoh Ay, suggest she may have been related to the 18th Dynasty, which included King Tut, Nefertiti, Akhenaten and Ay. At age thirteen Nefertari married Ramesses, only fifteen, before he ascended the throne, and remained the most important of his eight wives in Upper Egypt for at least the next twenty years. Upper Egypt (صعيد مصر Sa'id Misr) is a narrow strip of land that extends from the cataract boundaries of modern-day Aswan to the area between By the 1240s BC her prominence appears to wane, and her images by the Pharaoh's side become scarce.

Nefertari had at least four sons and two daughters, although none of these children succeeded the throne. Ramesses’ heir was Prince Merneptah, his 13th son by another wife, Isetnofret. Merneptah (or Merenptah) was the fourth ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. Isetnofret (or Isis-nofret or Isitnofret) ( Ancient Egyptian: "the beautiful Isis" was one of the Great Royal Wives of Pharaoh Ramesses sired at least forty-eight to fifty sons during his long reign. She died sometime during the Regnal Year 25 of Ramesses' reign, and Isetnofret became his new principal wife.

Status

Nefertari was quite probably the only Egyptian royal wife, other than Queen Tiy, to be deified during her lifetime. Tiye (c 1398 BC &ndash 1338 BC also spelled Taia, Tiy and Tiyi) was the daughter of Yuya and Tjuyu (also spelled Thuyu Ramesses' temple at Abu Simbel also has a smaller temple nearby dedicated to Nefertari and the goddess Hathor—a very unusual act, as temples were usually dedicated to deities, not mortals. Abu Simbel ( أبو سنبل or ar '''أبو سمبل''' is an Archaeological site comprising two massive rock Temples in southern Egypt In Egyptian mythology, Hathor (Pronounced Hah-Thor ( Egyptian for house of Horus) was originally a personification of the Milky Way

Her status is confirmed by the fact that she was depicted as part of her husband’s entourage, even during important voyages such as a trip to Nubia to commission a new temple built at Abu Simbel. This article is about the region in Africa for other uses see Nubia (disambiguation. Abu Simbel ( أبو سنبل or ar '''أبو سمبل''' is an Archaeological site comprising two massive rock Temples in southern Egypt Nefertari is also depicted as being equal in size to Ramesses, a rarity indicating her importance to the pharaoh.

Her prominence is further supported by cuneiform tablets from the Hittite city of Hattusas (today Boghazkoy, Turkey), containing Nefertari's correspondence with the king Hattusilis and his wife Pudukhepa. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established Hattusa (URU Ḫa-at-tu-ša 𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 Unicode cuneiform article to display these cuneiform characters--> Boğazkale is a district of Çorum Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches She appears to have been instrumental in maintaining peace between Egyptians and Hittites, which eventually led to Ramesses' marriage to a Hittite princess. This article is about the contemporary North African ethnic group The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established

Ramesses’ unusual affection for his wife, as written on her tomb's walls, shows that some Egyptian marriages were not simply matters of convenience or means to accumulate greater power and alliances, but were based around emotional attachment. Poetry written by Ramesses about his dead wife is featured on some of the walls of her burial chamber. ("My love is unique—no one can rival her, for she is the most beautiful woman alive. Just by passing, she has stolen away my heart. ")

Titles

Queen Nefertari—
Wife of Ramesses II
–(Tomb of Nefertari) in hieroglyphs
Image:Hiero_Ca1.svg





Image:Hiero_Ca2.svg

Nefertari's full range of titles were wrt ḥswt (great of praise), bnrt mrwt (sweet of love), ḥmt nswt wrt (Great Royal Wife), nbt im3t (lady of charm), ḥmt nswt wrt mryt. Egyptian hieroglyphs (ˈhaɪərəʊɡlɪf from Greek grc-Grek ἱερογλύφος " sacred carving " also hieroglyphic = grc-Grek M23-N41X1-wrt Great Royal Wife or Chief King's Wife ( Ancient egyptian: ḥmt nswt wrt f (Great Royal Wife, his beloved), nbt t3wy (lady of the two lands), ḥnwt t3w nbw (lady of all lands), ḥmt k3 nẖt (wife of the strong bull), ḥmt-nṯr (god's wife) ḥnwt šmḥw mẖw (lady of Upper and Lower Egypt). Ramesses referred to his beloved wife as "the one for whom the sun shines. " She was also often referred to as Nefertari Merit-en-Mut, meaning "the Lovely One, Beloved of Mut. Mut, which means mother, was an Ancient Egyptian Mother goddess with multiple aspects that changed over the thousands of years of the culture "

Nefertari's Children

Ramesses II fathered at least 50 children during his lifetime. Not all of their names are known, and in many cases their mothers are difficult to establish with any kind of certainty. These children of Ramesses have been attributed to Nefertari by various authors; however, the list is by no means conclusive.

In Popular Culture

External links

References

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