For the saint, see Saint Nearchus. Saint Nearchus (Nearchos was an Armenian Martyr and Saint. He was a Roman army officer and friend of Saint Polyeuctus, whom he had

Nearchus (or Nearchos) (c. 360 - 300 BC) was one of the officers, a navarch, in the army of Alexander the Great. Navarch ( ναύαρχος, pronounced návarkhos) is a Greek word meaning "leader of the ships" which in some states became the title of an office Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' His celebrated voyage from India to Susa after Alexander's expedition in India is preserved in Arrian's account, the Indica. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Susa ( Biblical שושן ( Shushan) also Greek: Σοῦσα Transliterated as Sousa; Latin Susa) Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For others with this name see Arrianus (disambiguation. Lucius Flavius Arrianus 'Xenophon' (ca Indica is the name of an ancient book about India written by Arrian, one of the main ancient historians of Alexander the Great.

A native of Lato^[1] in Crete, his family settled at Amphipolis in Macedonia at some point during Philip’s reign (we must assume after Philip took the city in 357 BC), at which point Nearchus was probably a young boy. Lato ( Ancient Greek:) was an ancient city of Crete, the ruins of which are located approximately 3 km from the small town of Kritsa. Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the Amphipolis (Ἀμφίπολις &ndash Amphípolis) was an ancient Greek city in the region once inhabited by the Edoni people Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most Philip II of Macedon, ( Greek: Φίλιππος Β' ο Μακεδών &mdash φίλος = friend + ίππος = Horse Events By place Persian Empire Rhodes falls to the Persian Satrap Mausolus of Halicarnassus. He was almost certainly older than Alexander, as were Ptolemy, Erigyius, and the others of the ‘boyhood friends’^[2] ; so depending on when Androtimos came to Macedonia Nearchus was quite possibly born on Crete. For the astronomer see Ptolemy; for others named "Ptolemy" or "Ptolemaeus" see Ptolemy (disambiguation. Erigyius (in Greek Eριγυιoς; died 328 BC a Mytilenaean, son of Larichus was an officer in Alexander the Great 's Army

Nearchus, along with Ptolemy, Erigyius and Laomedon, and Harpalus, was one of Alexander’s ‘mentors’ – and he was exiled by Philip as a result of the Pixodarus affair (A 3. For the astronomer see Ptolemy; for others named "Ptolemy" or "Ptolemaeus" see Ptolemy (disambiguation. Erigyius (in Greek Eριγυιoς; died 328 BC a Mytilenaean, son of Larichus was an officer in Alexander the Great 's Army Laomedon (in Greek Λαoμέδων; lived 4th century BC) native of Mytilene and son of Larichus was one of Alexander the Great 's Harpalus son of Machatas was an aristocrat of Macedon and boyhood friend of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC Pixodarus (in Greek Πιξώδαρoς ruled 340&ndash335 BC a prince or king of Caria, was the youngest of the three sons of Hecatomnus, all of whom The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural 6. 5; P 10. P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː 4). It is not known where the exiles went, but they were recalled only after Philip’s death, on Alexander’s accession.

After their recall, these men were held in the highest honour. Nearchus was appointed as satrap of Lycia and Pamphylia in 334/3 BC (A 3. See also the related deity Satrapes. Satrap (Persian ساتراپ was the name given to the governors of the Provinces of ancient "Sidyma" redirects here For the Moth Genus named thus see Sidyma (moth. Origins of the Pamphylians There can be little doubt that the Pamphylians and Pisidians were the same people though the former had received colonies from Greece and other The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural 3. 6), one of the earliest of Alexander's satrapal appointments. In 328 BC he was relieved of his post and rejoined Alexander in Bactria, bringing with him reinforcements (A 4. Events By place Macedonian Empire At Maracanda Alexander murders Clitus, one of his most trusted commanders friend and foster-brother "Bactrian" redirects here For the camel see Bactrian camel. The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural 7. 2; C 7. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː 10. 4, but does not mention Nearchus himself). After the siege of Aornus Nearchus was sent at the head of a reconnaissance mission – especially to find out about elephants (A 4. The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural 30. 5-6).

Map showing voyages of Nearchus and the campaigns of Alexander until shortly after acquiring the Persian Empire - from A History of the Ancient World, George Willis Botsford Ph. D. , The MacMillan Company, 1913

In 326 BC, Nearchus was made admiral of the fleet that Alexander had built at the Hydaspes (A 6. "Hydaspes" redirects here For the historic battle see Battle of the Hydaspes. The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural 2. 3; Indica 18. Indica is the name of an ancient book about India written by Arrian, one of the main ancient historians of Alexander the Great. 10). However, his trierarchy was a financial responsibility – that is, Nearchus put up the money for the boats (Heckel, p. 229); and there were plenty of other trierarchs in the Indus fleet who were not natural born sailors. The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd

During the voyage some of the ships were damaged, and Nearchus was instructed to remain behind to oversee repairs, before continuing down the river. This perhaps indicates some knowledge of shipbuilding, but he could hardly have been the only one qualified.

However, he remained in command of the fleet for the voyage from the Indus to the Persian Gulf, which he recorded in detail (and which was used extensively for Arrian’s Indica). The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the For others with this name see Arrianus (disambiguation. Lucius Flavius Arrianus 'Xenophon' (ca Indica is the name of an ancient book about India written by Arrian, one of the main ancient historians of Alexander the Great. Again, although he was the admiral, in command of the fleet, great seamanship was not required – the naval responsibilities were Onesicritus’. Onesicritus (Ὀνησίκριτος a Greek historical writer (lived c During the voyage, Nearchus was reputedly the first Greek commander to visit Bahrain, which was called Tylos by the Greeks. The Kingdom of Bahrain (in مملكة البحرين,, literally Kingdom of the Two Seas) is an Island country in the Persian Gulf Bahrain was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. His visit marked the start of Bahrain's inclusion within the Hellenic world, which culminated in the worship of Zeus (as the Arab sun god, Shams) and Greek being spoken as the language of the upper classes.

After many adventures, Nearchus arrived in Carmania, meeting up with Alexander after the latter’s crossing of the Gedrosian desert. Kermān is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the south-east of the country Gedrosia (dʒɨˈdroʊʒə Γεδρωσία is the ancient name of an area that corresponds to today's Balochistan Alexander sent him off to complete his voyage – he went as far as the Euphrates before turning back to rejoin Alexander at Susa, in early 324 BC. The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת Susa ( Biblical שושן ( Shushan) also Greek: Σοῦσα Transliterated as Sousa; Latin Susa) Events By place Macedonian Empire On returning to Susa, Persia, Alexander the Great punishes those who he considers

Nearchus married the daughter of Barsine and Mentor (A 7. Barsine (in Greek Βαρσίνη; c 363&ndash309 BC was daughter of Artabazus, Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, and wife of Mentor of Rhodes (Μέντωρ ὁ Ῥόδιος (c 385 BC – 340 BC was a Greek Mercenary who fought both for and against Artaxerxes III of Persia The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural 4. 6), and received a crown as recognition of his exertions (A 7. The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a (eɪ plural 5. 6). He then took the fleet up to Babylon, where he gave Alexander the Chaldeans’ warning not to enter the city (P 73. Babylon was a City-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː 1-2). Nearchus had a place in Alexander’s final plans, as he was to be the admiral of the Arabian invasion fleet; but the plans were cut short by the king’s death.

In the initial arguments over the rule of the empire Nearchus supported Heracles, Alexander’s son by Barsine – the king’s mistress was now his mother-in-law. Heracles of Macedon (ca 327 BC - 309 BC was a reputed illegitimate son of Alexander the Great of Macedon by Barsine, daughter of Satrap Barsine (in Greek Βαρσίνη; c 363&ndash309 BC was daughter of Artabazus, Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, and wife of Once order broke down he joined Antigonus’ camp. Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-eyed" (382 BC - 301 BC son of Philip from Elimeia, was a Macedonian nobleman general and Satrap His last mention is as an adviser to Demetrius in 313/2 BC (D 19. Demetrius I (337-283 BC Greek: Δημήτριος) called Poliorcetes (Greek Πολιορκητής) ("The Besieger" son of D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː 69. 1); what happened after that is not known, although he probably retired to write his history.

Ancient authorities: Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri, vi. Anabasis Alexandri, the Campaigns of Alexander by Arrian is the most important source on Alexander the Great. 19, 21; vii. 4, 19, 20, 25: Plutarch, Life of Alexander, 10, 68, 75: Strabo, xv. Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus ( Greek: Μέστριος Πλούταρχος c Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. pp. 721, 725; Diodorus Siculus, xvii. 104: Justin, xiii. Justin (Latin Marcus Junianius (or Junianus) Justinus) was a Latin historian who lived under the Roman Empire. 4.

References

External links

• Arrian, The Indica translated by E. Iliff Robson.
• Pothos.org:Nearchus by Marcus Pailing
• Livius, Nearchus by Jona Lendering
• The Trierarchs of Nearchus by livius.org
• Nearchus the Cretan and the Foundation of Cretopolis[1]