Citizendia

Near passerine or higher land-bird assemblage are terms often given to arboreal birds or those most often believed to be related to the true passerines (order Passeriformes) due to ecological similarities; the group corresponds to some extent with the Anomalogonatae of Garrod (1874). Arboreal is a word meaning "related to or resembling trees" Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. All near passerines are land birds. Whether all of these orders represent relatives of the Passeriformes is uncertain, but not well-supported by more recent data; however the bulk of evidence supports the hypothesis that most do indeed form a clade that also includes the Passeriformes. A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor In addition, it is now becoming increasingly clear that "near passerines" and "higher landbirds" are not synonymous, but that the former is more probably a subclade of the latter, and that the latter also includes groups like Falconiformes

The near passerines traditionally comprise the following orders:

Of these, the relationship of the Strigiformes is uncertain, whereas the first three groups almost certainly do not belong here; sandgrouse (Pterocliformes) may not even be higher landbirds. The order Falconiformes is a group of about 290 Species of Birds that include the diurnal birds of prey. Sandgrouse is also the name of the journal of the Ornithological Society of the Middle East - see Sandgrouse (journal The sandgrouse are a The Bird order Columbiformes includes the very widespread and successful Doves and pigeons, classified in the family Columbidae and the Parrots are birds of the roughly 350 Species in 85 genera comprising the order Psittaciformes, found in most warm and tropical regions The Near passerine Bird order Cuculiformes traditionally included three families as below Musophagidae - turacos and allies The Owls are an order of birds of prey. Most are Solitary, and nocturnal, with some exceptions (e The Caprimulgiformes is an order of Birds that includes a number of Birds with global distribution (except Antarctica) The mousebirds are a small group of (possibly Near passerine) Birds which have no real close affinities to other groups though they and the parrots and cockatoos The trogons and quetzals are Birds in the order Trogoniformes which contains only one family the Trogonidae. The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colourful Near passerine Birds including the Kingfishers the Hoopoe, the Bee-eaters the Six families of largely arboreal Birds make up the order Piciformes, the best-known of them being the Picidae which includes the Woodpeckers The Cuculiformes, Piciformes, Coraciiformes (including hornbills) and Trogoniformes seem to be very close to the Passeriformes on the other hand (Johansson & Ericson 2003), and one of these almost certainly is - among the living birds - the sister taxon of the Passeriformes. Hornbills ( family Bucerotidae) are a group of Birds characterized by a long down-curved bill sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible The trogons and quetzals are Birds in the order Trogoniformes which contains only one family the Trogonidae. Cladistics is the hierarchical classification of Species based on evolutionary ancestry

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