Nazism
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Nazi eugenics were Nazi Germany's race based social policies that placed the improvement of the race through eugenics at the center of their concerns and targeted those humans they identified as "life unworthy of life" (German Lebensunwertes Leben), including but not limited to the: criminal, degenerate, dissident, feeble-minded, homosexual, idle, insane, religious and weak humans for elimination from the chain of heredity. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 The, abbreviated SA, ( German for "Assault detachment" or "Assault section" usually translated as " stormtroop(ers The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the For the SS division with the nickname Hitlerjugend see 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend The Hitler Youth ( German:, The early timeline of Nazism begins with its origins in 1896 and continues until Hitler's rise to power. Hitler's rise to power began with Hitler's NSDAP as a fringe political party within the government of the Weimar Republic. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers This article gives an overview about Religion in Nazi Germany and the Nazis ' complex and sometimes contradictory relationship with religion The Night of the Long Knives (German) or " Operation Hummingbird " was a Purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July The Nuremberg Rally (officially Reichsparteitag, meaning national party convention was the annual rally of the NSDAP (Nazi Party in the years 1923 to 1938 in Kristallnacht ( literally "Crystal night" or the Night of Broken Glass was a Pogrom in Nazi Germany on November 9–10 1938 The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after In the context of this article the term ex-Nazi, or more correctly ex-Nazi Party member refers either to those few who were once Nazis and resigned from the The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, Nazism developed several theories concerning races They claimed to scientifically measure a strict hierarchy among "human race " at the top was the " Nordic race Gleichschaltung, meaning "coordination" "making the same" "bringing into line" is a Nazi term for the process by which the Historians and biographers note some difficulty in attributing the political beliefs of Adolf Hitler. The National Socialist Program, also referred to as the 25-point program or 25-point plan was developed to formulate the party policies of first the Austrian German Historians political scientists and even philosophers have studied Nazism with a specific focus on its Religious or semi-religious aspects Nazi propaganda is the term that describes the psychologically powerful Propaganda within Nazi Germany, much of which was centered around Jews consistently Nazi architecture was an architectural plan and integral part of the Nazi party 's plans to create a Cultural and Mein Kampf ( English: My Struggle/My Battle) is a book by Adolf Hitler. Nazism developed several theories concerning races They claimed to scientifically measure a strict hierarchy among "human race " at the top was the " Nordic race The racial policy of Nazi Germany refers to the policies and laws implemented by Nazi Germany, asserting the superiority of the so-called " Aryan race " and The Doctors' Trial (officially United States of America v Karl Brandt et al Nazi human experimentation was a series of controversial medical experiments on large numbers of prisoners by the German Nazi regime in its Concentration The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after The Parti national social chrétien was a Canadian Political party formed by Adrien Arcand in February 1934. The German American Bund or German American Federation (German Amerikadeutscher Bund) was an American Nazi organization established in the 1930s The Hungarian National Socialist Party was a political epithet adopted by a number of minor Nazi parties in Hungary before the Second World War. Nasjonal Samling (Norwegian for "National Gathering" or "National Unification" hereafter abbreviated as NS was a fascist party in Norway The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland NSB was a Dutch Fascist and later national socialist National Socialist Bloc (in Swedish: Nationalsocialistiska Blocket) was a Swedish national socialist Political party formed in the Disambiguation you may be looking for the National Socialist Party (UK, a left-wing organisation The National Socialist League was a short lived political movement Danmarks Nationalsocialistiske Arbejderparti (National Socialist Workers’ Party of Denmark or DNSAP, was the largest Danish Nazi party before and during The Ossewabrandwag ("Oxwagon Sentinel" (OB was a nationalist Afrikaner organisation in South Africa, founded in Bloemfontein on February The Arrow Cross Party ( Hungarian: Nyilaskeresztes Párt – Hungarista Mozgalom, literally "Arrow Cross Party-Hungarist Movement" was a Far-right For the militiamen of the Military Frontier, see Uskoci The Ustaša - Croatian Revolutionary Movement ( Croatian: This is a list of words terms concepts and Slogans that were specifically used in Nazi Germany. The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, This article describes semi-religious developments of Nazism after 1945 The völkisch movement is the German interpretation of the populist movement with a romantic focus on Folklore and the "organic" A list of Nazi Party (NSDAP leaders and officials. A Gunter d'Alquen - Chief Editor of the SS official Between 1925 and 1945 the German SS grew from a mere eight members to over a quarter of a million Waffen-SS and well over a million Allgemeine-SS members In the context of this article the term ex-Nazi, or more correctly ex-Nazi Party member refers either to those few who were once Nazis and resigned from the In the context of this article the term ex-Nazi, or more correctly ex-Nazi Party member refers either to those few who were once Nazis and resigned from the Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Nazism developed several theories concerning races They claimed to scientifically measure a strict hierarchy among "human race " at the top was the " Nordic race The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets Eugenics is a social Philosophy which advocates the improvement of Human Hereditary traits through various forms of intervention Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus "Life unworthy of life" (in German: "Lebens unwertes Leben") was a Nazi designation for the segments of populace that according to The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment This article deals with the social-philosophical meaning of degeneration Gleichschaltung, meaning "coordination" "making the same" "bringing into line" is a Nazi term for the process by which the The term feeble-minded was used from the late 19th century through the early 20th century as a loose description of a variety of mental deficiencies including what would now be considered After World War I, in the period known as the Weimar Republic, gay men in Germany, especially in Berlin, enjoyed more freedom and acceptance Laziness (also called indolence) is the lack of desire to perform work or expend effort Traditionally insanity or madness is the behaviour whereby a person flouts societal norms and may become a danger to himself and others This article gives an overview about Religion in Nazi Germany and the Nazis ' complex and sometimes contradictory relationship with religion More than 400,000 people were sterilized against their will, while 70,000 were killed in the Action T4. Compulsory sterilization programs are government policies which attempt to force people to undergo surgical sterilization. Action T4 (Aktion T4 was a program in Nazi Germany spanning October 1939 until August 1941 during which physicians killed 70273 peoplespecified in Hitler's ^[1]

Hitler's views on eugenics

Adolf Hitler had read some racial-hygiene tracts during his period of imprisonment in Landsberg Prison. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of Landsberg Prison is a penal facility located in the town of Landsberg am Lech in the southwest of the German state of Bavaria, about 30 miles (65 km The future leader considered that Germany could only become strong again if the state applied to German society the basic principles of racial hygiene and eugenics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Racial hygiene (often labeled a form of " Scientific racism " is the selection by a government of the putatively most physical intellectual and moral persons to raise Eugenics is a social Philosophy which advocates the improvement of Human Hereditary traits through various forms of intervention Hitler believed the nation had become weak, corrupted by the infusion of degenerate elements into its bloodstream. In his opinion, these had to be removed as quickly as possible. He also believed that the strong and the racially pure had to be encouraged to have more children, and the weak and the racially impure had to be neutralized by one means or another.

The concepts of racist ideas of competition, termed social Darwinism in 1944, were discussed by European scientists, and also in the Vienna press during the 1920s, but how exactly Hitler picked up these ideas is uncertain. Social Darwinism is a theory that competition among all individuals groups nations or ideas drives Social evolution in human societies ^[2] In 1876, Ernst Haeckel had discussed the selective infanticide policy of the Greek city of ancient Sparta. Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel ( February 16, 1834 — August 9, 1919)also written von Haeckel, was an eminent German Infanticide is the practice of someone intentionally causing the death of an Infant. The city of Sparta ( Doric Σπάρτα Attic Σπάρτη ^[3] In his Second Book, which was kept unpublished during Nazi Germany, Hitler also praised Sparta, adding that this was because he considered Sparta to be the first "Völkisch State," and endorsed what he perceived to be an early eugenics treatment of deformed children:

Sparta must be regarded as the first Völkisch State. The Zweites Buch ("Second Book" and sometimes "Secret Book" is an unedited transcript of Adolf Hitler 's thoughts on foreign policy written Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The völkisch movement is the German interpretation of the populist movement with a romantic focus on Folklore and the "organic" Eugenics is a social Philosophy which advocates the improvement of Human Hereditary traits through various forms of intervention The exposure of the sick, weak, deformed children, in short, their destruction, was more decent and in truth a thousand times more humane than the wretched insanity of our day which preserves the most pathological subject, and indeed at any price, and yet takes the life of a hundred thousand healthy children in consequence of birth control or through abortions, in order subsequently to breed a race of degenerates burdened with illnesses. ^[4][5]

Nazi eugenics program

Nazi propaganda for Nazi Germany's T-4 Euthanasia Program: "This person suffering from hereditary defects costs the community 60,000 Reichsmark during his lifetime. Action T4 (Aktion T4 was a program in Nazi Germany spanning October 1939 until August 1941 during which physicians killed 70273 peoplespecified in Hitler's Fellow German, that is your money, too. "

Further information: Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring & Action T4

The Nazi's based their eugenics program on the United States' programs of forced sterilization. Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring ( Gr Action T4 (Aktion T4 was a program in Nazi Germany spanning October 1939 until August 1941 during which physicians killed 70273 peoplespecified in Hitler's ^[6]

The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring, proclaimed on July 14, 1933 required physicians to register every case of hereditary illness known to them, except in women over forty-five years of age. Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring ( Gr Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Physicians could be fined for failing to comply. In 1934 the first year of the Law's operation, nearly 4,000 people appealed against the decisions of sterilization authorities. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sterilization (also spelled sterilisation) is a surgical technique leaving a male or female unable to reproduce. 3,559 of the appeals failed. By the end of the Nazi regime, over 200 Hereditary Health Courts (Erbgesundheitsgerichten) were created, and under their rulings over 400,000 people were sterilized against their will. ^[7]

The Nazi eugenics policy led to Germans suffering from cerebral palsy and other physical impairments being killed. Cerebral palsy ( CP) is an Umbrella term encompassing a group of non-progressive, non- contagious conditions that cause Physical disability Action T4 (German Aktion T4) was the official name of the Nazi Germany eugenics program which forcefully conducted euthanasia on Germans who were institutionalized or suffering from birth defects. Action T4 (Aktion T4 was a program in Nazi Germany spanning October 1939 until August 1941 during which physicians killed 70273 peoplespecified in Hitler's The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Eugenics is a social Philosophy which advocates the improvement of Human Hereditary traits through various forms of intervention Euthanasia (literally "good death" in Ancient Greek) refers to the practice of ending a life in a painless manner In total, an estimated 200,000 people were killed as a result of the program.

Nazi eugenics institutions

Further information: Hadamar Clinic & Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics

The Hadamar Clinic was a mental hospital in the German town of Hadamar, which was used by the Nazis as the site of their T-4 Euthanasia Program. The Hadamar Clinic was a Psychiatric hospital in the German town of Hadamar, used by the Nazis as the site of their T-4 Euthanasia Program The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology Human Heredity and Eugenics was founded in 1927 The Hadamar Clinic was a Psychiatric hospital in the German town of Hadamar, used by the Nazis as the site of their T-4 Euthanasia Program A psychiatric hospital (previously called insane asylum, mental hospital; or derogatorily looney bin, nut house or Funny Farm) is Hadamar is a small town in Limburg-Weilburg district in Hesse, Germany. The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics was founded in 1927. The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology Human Heredity and Eugenics was founded in 1927 In its early years, and during the Nazi era, it was strongly associated with theories of eugenics and racial hygiene advocated by its leading theorists Fritz Lenz and Eugen Fischer, and by its director Otmar von Verschuer. Fritz A Lenz ( March 9, 1887 in Pflugrade, Pommern &ndash July 6, 1976 in Göttingen) was a German Geneticist Eugen Fischer ( July 5, 1874 &ndash July 9, 1967) was a German professor of Medicine, Anthropology and Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer ( 16 July 1896 – 8 August 1969) was a German human Biologist and eugenicist Under Fischer, the sterilization of so-called Rhineland Bastards was undertaken. Rhineland Bastard was a derogatory term used in Nazi Germany to describe children of mixed German and African parentage

Further reading

Books

• Aly, G. (1994). Cleansing the Fatherland : Nazi Medicine and Racial Hygiene. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-4824-5
• Baumslag, N. (2005). Murderous Medicine : Nazi Doctors, Human Experimentation, and Typhus. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-98312-9
• Burleigh, M. (1991). The Racial State : Germany 1933-1945. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-39802-9
• Burleigh , M. (1994). Death and Deliverance : 'Euthanasia' in Germany, c. 1900 to 1945. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-41613-2
• Ehrenreich, Eric. The Nazi Ancestral Proof: Genealogy, Racial Science, and the Final Solution. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-253-34945-3
• Friedlander, H. (1995). Henry Friedlander (1930- is an American historian of The Holocaust noted for his arguments in favor of broadening the scope of victims of the Holocaust The Origins of Nazi Genocide. From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2208-6
• Kuntz, D. (2006). Deadly Medicine: Creating the Master Race. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2916-1
• Lifton, R. (1986). THE NAZI DOCTORS : Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. ISBN 0-465-04905-2
• Proctor, R. (2003). Racial Hygiene : Medicine Under the Nazis. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-74578-7
• Spitz, V. (2005). Doctors from Hell : The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans. Sentient Publications. ISBN 1-59181-032-9
• Weikart, R. (2006). From Darwin to Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, And Racism in Germany. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-7201-X
• Weindling, P. J. (2005). Nazi Medicine and the Nuremberg Trials : From Medical War Crimes to Informed Consent. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-3911-X
• Weindling, P. J. et al. (1989). Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42397-X
• Kuhl, S. (2002). The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism Oxford University Press ISBN 0195149785

Academic articles

• Bachrach, S. (2004). "In the name of public health—Nazi racial hygiene". New England Journal of Medicine, 29 July 2004; 351: 417–420. The New England Journal of Medicine ( N Engl J Med or NEJM) is an English-language Peer-reviewed Medical journal published
• Biddiss M. (1997). "Disease and dictatorship: the case of Hitler's Reich" Journal of Royal Society of Medicine, 1997 Jun; 90(6): 342-6. The Royal Society of Medicine (RSM was founded on the 22nd of May 1805 when leading members of the Medical Society of London split
• Cranach, M. (2003). "The killing of psychiatric patients in Nazi Germany between 1939-1945". The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 2003; 40(1): 8-18; discussion 19-28. The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences is a Medical journal that publishes original articles dealing with the bio-psycho-social aspects of Mobility
• Lerner, B. (1995). "Medicine and the Holocaust: Learning More of the Lessons" Annals of Internal Medicine, 15 May 1995; 122: 10: 793–794. Annals of Internal Medicine ( Ann Intern Med) is an academic medical journal published by the American College of Physicians (ACP
• Martin III, Matthew D. , "The Dysfunctional Progeny of Eugenics: Autonomy Gone AWOL", Cardozo Journal of International Law, Vol. 15, No. 2, Fall 2007, pp. 371-421, ISSN 1069-3181.
• O'Mathúna, D. (2006). "Human dignity in the Nazi era: implications for contemporary bioethics". BioMed Central, 2006 Mar 14;7(1):E2. BioMed Central ( BMC) is a UK -based for-profit scientific publisher specialising in Open access publication
• Sofair, A. (2000). "Eugenic sterilization and a qualified Nazi analogy: the United States and Germany, 1930-1945". National Center for Biotechnology Information 2000 Feb 15; 132(4): 312-9. The National Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM a branch of the National Institutes
• Strous, R. D. (2006). "Nazi Euthanasia of the Mentally Ill at Hadamar". American Journal of Psychiatry, January 2006; 163: 27. The American Journal of Psychiatry (AJP is the official journal of the American Psychiatric Association (APA and the most widely read and cited Psychiatric
• Weigmann, K. (2001). "The role of biologists in Nazi atrocities: lessons for today’s scientists". European Molecular Biology Organization, 15 October 2001; 2(10): 871–875. The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO promotes excellence in molecular life sciences in Europe by recognizing and fostering talented scientists
• "Eugenical Sterilization in Germany" Eugenical News 1933, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; vol. 18:5.

Videos

• Burleigh, M. (1991). Selling Murder: The Killing Films of the Third Reich. London: Domino Films.
• Michalczyk, J. J. (1997). Nazi Medicine: In The Shadow Of The Reich. New York: First-Run Features.

See also

References

External links

General reference

• Ethics Of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments
• Life Unworthy of Life
• Medical Experiments of the Holocaust and Nazi Medicine
• Nazi Eugenics Programs
• Nazi Race Laws
• Race and Membership: The Eugenics Movement
• Sterilization Law in Germany
• The History Museum - Nazi Euthanasia
• Victims of the Nazi Era
• Eugenics and the Nazis -- the California connection

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

• Bibliography
• Deadly medicine
• Euthanasia program
• Mentally and physically handicapped
• Nazi Persecution of the Disabled