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1 nautical mile =
SI units
1. 8520 km 1852. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand 0 m
US customary / Imperial units
1. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International US customary units, also known in the United States as English units or Imperial units (in reference to the British Empire) (but see English Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of units first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824 1508 mi 6076. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States 1 ft

A nautical mile or sea mile is a unit of length. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Length is the long Dimension of any object The length of a thing is the distance between its ends its linear extent as measured from end to end It corresponds approximately to one minute of latitude along any meridian. A minute of arc, arcminute, or MOA is a unit of angular measurement, equal to one sixtieth (1/60 of one degree. Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi ( Φ) gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body north or south of the This article is about the geographical concept For other uses of the word see Meridian. It is a non-SI unit used especially by navigators in the shipping and aviation industries. A navigator is the person onboard a ship or aircraft responsible for its Navigation. Shipping is physical process of Transporting goods and Cargo. Aviation refers to activities involving man-made flying devices ( Aircraft) including the people organizations and regulatory bodies involved with them [1] It is commonly used in international law and treaties, especially regarding the limits of territorial waters. International law is the term commonly used for referring to the system of implicit and explicit agreements that bind together nation-states in adherence to recognized values and standards A Treaty is an agreement under International law entered into by actors in international law namely States and International organizations. Territorial waters, or a territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most It developed from the geographical mile. The geographical mile is a unit of length determined by 1 minute of arc along the Earth 's Equator, approximately equal to 1855

Contents

Definition

The international standard definition is: 1 nautical mile = 1,852 metres exactly. International standards are Standards developed by international Standards organisations International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International [1]

Unit symbol

There is no widely accepted international standard symbol for the unit nautical mile. The preferred abbreviation of the IEEE is nmi,[2] while M is used by the BIPM[1] and the maritime authorities of the USA[3] and Canada. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers or IEEE (read eye-triple-e) is an international Non-profit, professional organization The International Bureau of Weights and Measures ( Bureau international des poids et mesures, in French) is an international Standards organization, one [4] For aviation use, the preferred abbreviation of the ICAO is NM. The International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO) an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation [5] The abbreviation nm, though conflicting with the SI symbol for the nanometre, is also in widespread use. A nanometre ( American spelling: nanometer, symbol nm) ( Greek: νάνος nanos dwarf; μετρώ metrό count) is a

Conversions to other units

One nautical mile converts to:

History

Historical definition - 1 nautical mile
Historical definition - 1 nautical mile

The nautical mile was historically defined as a minute of arc along a meridian of the Earth, making a meridian exactly 180×60 = 10,800 historical nautical miles. A minute of arc, arcminute, or MOA is a unit of angular measurement, equal to one sixtieth (1/60 of one degree. This article is about the geographical concept For other uses of the word see Meridian. [6] It can therefore be used for approximate measures on a meridian as change of latitude on a nautical chart. Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi ( Φ) gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body north or south of the A nautical chart is a graphic representation of a maritime area and adjacent Coastal regions The originally intended definition of the metre as 10-7 of a half-meridian makes the mean historical nautical mile exactly (2×107)/10,800 = 1,851. 851851… historical metres. Based on the current IUGG meridian of 20,003,931. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, or IUGG, is a Non-governmental organisation dedicated to the scientific study of the Earth using 4585 (standard) metres the mean historical nautical mile is 1,852. 216 m.

The historical definition differs from the length-based standard in that a minute of arc, and hence a nautical mile, is not a constant length at the surface of the Earth but gradually lengthens with increasing distance from the equator, as a corollary of the Earth's oblateness, whence the need for "mean" in the preceding sentence. An oblate Spheroid is a rotationally symmetric Ellipsoid having a polar axis shorter than the diameter of the equatorial circle whose plane This length equals about 1,861 metres at the poles and 1,843 metres at the Equator, a variation of one percent. [7]

Other nations had different definitions of the nautical mile. This variety in combination with the complexity of angular measure described above along with the intrinsic uncertainty of geodetically derived units mitigated against the extant definitions in favor of a simple unit of pure length. International agreement was achieved in 1929 when the International Extraordinary Hydrographic Conference held in Monaco adopted a definition of one (1) international nautical mile as being equal to 1,852 metres exactly, in excellent agreement (for an integer) with both the above-mentioned values of 1,851. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO was originally established in 1921 as the International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque To help compare different Orders of magnitude this page lists Lengths between 1 km and 10 km (103 and 104 m) 851 historical metres and 1,852. 216 standard metres.

Since the 1929 agreement, all nations have now adopted the international definition. The United States, formerly using a value of 1,853. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 248 m (6,080. 2 ft), did not however adopt this definition until July 1, 1954. [6]

British nautical mile (admiralty)

The British definition of the nautical mile originally related to the length on the surface of the Earth just south of Great Britain. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands It was not specified according to a calibrated measurement of the Earth, but chosen as exactly 800 feet longer than a statute mile, namely 6,080 feet. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States For disambiguation, this is sometimes called the "admiralty mile" after the British Admiralty. The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. The precise definition of the foot varied slightly around the world until the international yard, always equal to exactly three feet, was standardized at exactly 0. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit A yard (abbreviation yd) is a unit of Length in several different systems including English units Imperial units and United 9144 m in 1959, making the admiralty mile exactly 1,853. 184 m. The Royal Hydrographic Office of the United Kingdom converted to the international definition in 1970. A hydrographic office is an organization which is devoted to acquiring and publishing hydrographic information The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

US navy nautical mile (rocketry)

As a simpler approximation, designers of radar systems for ballistic and cruise missiles for use by the United States Navy in the 1950s would take 6,000 feet (1,828. A cruise missile is a guided Missile that carries an explosive payload and uses a lifting wing and a propulsion system usually a Jet engine, to allow 8 m) as their equivalent of a nautical mile. In the past, some ship-borne computer systems developed for the Royal Navy also used the "data mile" of 6,000 feet, and the more unusual "foot*", equivalent to about nine inches, defined as 6,000/8,192 feet (223 mm). A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service)

Associated units

The derived unit of speed is the knot, defined as one nautical mile per hour. Speed is the rate of motion, or equivalently the rate of change in position often expressed as Distance d traveled per unit of The hour (symbol h) is a unit of Time. It is not an SI unit but is accepted for use with the SI The term "log" is used to measure the distance a vessel has moved through the water, it can also be used to measure the speed through the water (see chip log) as the speed and distance are directly related. A chip log, also called common log, ship log or just log, is a Navigation tool used by Mariners to estimate Speed of a vessel

The term knot and log originally are derived from the practice of using a "log" tied to a knotted rope as a method of gauging speed of a ship. The log would be thrown into the water and the rope trailed behind the ship. The number of knots that passed off the ship and into the water in a given time would determine the speed in "knots". The present day measurement of knots and log are determined using a mechanical tow, electronic tow, retractable hull-mounted unit, doppler, ultrasonics, or GPS. Basic concept of GPS operation A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signals sent by the constellation of GPS Satellites high above the Earth [8][9]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Section 4.1 Table 8 in the International System of Units 8th ed. Conversion of units refers to conversion factors between different Units of measurement for the same Quantity. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States To help compare different Orders of magnitude, the following list describes various Lengths between 1 (2006) by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures ( Bureau international des poids et mesures, in French) is an international Standards organization, one
  2. ^ IEEE guidelines for authors
  3. ^ Positions, Distances, Directions, Compass; Office of Coastal Survey, NOAA, USA
  4. ^ POSITIONS, DISTANCES, DIRECTIONS, COMPASS, Ministry of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada
  5. ^ NOTIFICATION OF ANNEX DIFFERENCES (Presented by Australia)International Civil Aviation Organisation, Sixth Meeting of CNS/MET Sub Group of APANPIRG, Bangkok, Thailand, 15 to 19 July 2002,
  6. ^ a b Louis E. Barbrow and Lewis V. Judson (1976). Appendix 4 The international nautical mile (PDF). Weights and Measures Standards of the United States, A brief history. NIST Physics Laboratory. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
  7. ^ "For a point on the spheroid of the IAU System at geodetic latitude (Φ): 1 degree of latitude [=] (110. 575 + 1. 110 sin2Φ km. " Seidelmann, P. K. (Ed. ), (1992), Explanatory supplement to the Astronomical almanac, Sausalito, CA: University Science Books, 700.
  8. ^ Origin of Naval Terminology. Naval Historical Center, US Naval Dept. Library (May 03, 2006).
  9. ^ David, Fairhall (2005). "Pass your day skipper (2nd Edition)"

External links

Dictionary

nautical mile

-noun

  1. (nautical) By international convention, a unit of measure equal to 1852 meters. Abbreviated as "nmi".
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