A nature reserve (natural reserve, nature preserve, natural preserve) is a protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. Protected areas are locations which receive protection because of their environmental cultural or similar value Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants animals and other organisms In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all Fauna is all of the Animal life of any particular region or time Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Conservation can be confused with Conversation and vice versa Research is defined as Human activity based on Intellectual application in the investigation of Matter. Nature reserves may be designated by government institutions in some countries, such as the United Kingdom, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions, regardless of nationality. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. National Nature Reserve is a United Kingdom government Conservation designation for a Nature reserve of national significance for biological or earth science Institutions are structures and mechanisms of Social order and Cooperation governing the Behavior of a Set of Individuals Nature reserves fall into different IUCN categories depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws. A wildlife reserves is a protected area of importance for wildlife, which is reserved and managed for conservation. It is possible to do morally acceptable, non-invasive research on captive wild animals in instances where such animals are unfit for survival in the wild (e. g. too tame for rehabilitation, injured or deformed) and therefore sanctuary life offers them a chance at life which would otherwise not be possible.
Contents |
History
The first country in the world to have a nature reserve (a wildlife sanctuary) was Sri Lanka, in the third century BC. An animal sanctuary is a facility where Animals are brought to live and be protected for the rest of their lives Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island However, dating back to antiquity there are various cultural practices that equate roughly to the establishment and maintaining of reserved areas for biota including fish, waterfowl and other animals. These would often have a religious underpinning - for example the 'evil forest' areas of West Africa were forbidden to humans, who were threatened with spiritual attack if they went there. Sacred areas taboo from human entry to fishing and are known by many ancient cultures worldwide. [1].
In the modern era, the Drachenfels (Siebengebirge) is credited as being the first nature reserve. The Drachenfels ( German for “Dragon's Rock” ˈdʁaχənˌfɛls is a mountain (321 m ft in the Siebengebirge mountain range near Bonn, Germany The site was bought by the Prussian State in 1836 to protect it from further quarrying. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The first major nature reserve was Yellowstone National Park, followed by the Royal National Park near Sydney, Australia and Il'menskii zapovednik of Soviet Russia in 1920 - the first of its kind set up by a federal government entirely for the scientific study of nature (Weiner, Douglas. The Royal National Park is a National park in New South Wales, Australia, 29 km south of Sydney. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 1988. Models of Nature: University of Pittsburgh Press. page 29).
National reserves in various countries
New Zealand
In New Zealand a number of separate distinctions are made for the term nature reserves. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Wilderness areas, National Parks, scenic reserves, scientific reserves and forest parks are all types of nature reserves with varying degrees of protection. Wilderness is generally defined as a Natural environment on Earth that has not been significantly modified by Human activity The fourteen National parks of New Zealand are administered by the Department of Conservation. A comparatively new concept in wildlife preservation, pioneered in New Zealand, is the Ecological Island. An Ecological Island is not necessarily an Island surrounded by water but is an area of land isolated by natural or artificial means from the surrounding land where
Poland
In 1918 there were 39 natural reserves in Poland. Cascade Head is a headland and UNESCO biosphere reserve and United States Forest Service A biosphere reserve is an international Conservation designation given by UNESCO under its Programme on Their number increased to 211 by 1939. As of 2003, Poland has 1368 natural reserves of different sizes. Their areas range from 0. 5 to 5000 ha. Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, Most of the reserves are located in the South of Poland.
Russia
There are around 100 nature reserves (Russian: заповедник, zapovednik) in Russia, covering some 330,000 km² (~127,400 sq mi), or about 1. The status of the protected areas in Russia (the official Russian term Особо охраняемые природные территории literally "Specially Protected Natural Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages 4% of the country's total area. A few of them predate the October Revolution of 1917, but most have been created during the Soviet Union era. The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 There are also natural protected areas where only certain species are protected, or only certain activities are prohibited; those are known as zakaznik (Russian: заказник). Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages
United Kingdom
At the end of March 2004, there were 215 NNRs (National Nature Reserves) in England with a total area of 879 square kilometres. The Daintree Rainforest is a Tropical rainforest near Daintree Queensland, on the coast north of Cairns in Tropical far north of A national park is a reserve of land usually declared and owned by a national Government, protected from most Human development and pollution England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The Reserves are scattered through England, from Lindisfarne in Northumberland to The Lizard in Cornwall. Lindisfarne () (variant spelling Lindesfarne is a Tidal island off the north-east coast of England. Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west The Lizard is a Peninsula of Cornwall, and contains the most southerly point of mainland Cornwall and of the island Great Britain, Lizard Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar Nearly every rural county has at least one. Derbyshire Dales NNR lies within the Peak District National Park. History The area that is now Derbyshire was first visited probably briefly by humans 200000 years ago during the Aveley Interglacial as evidenced by a Middle The Peak District is an upland area in central and northern England, lying mainly in northern Derbyshire, but also covering parts of Cheshire, Greater The reserve consists of five separate limestone valleys Lathkill, Cressbrook, Monk's, Long and Hay. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 In Geology, a valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is These five dales represent some of the best examples of wildlife and geology in the White Peak. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Many NNRs contain nationally important populations of rare flowers, ferns and mosses, butterflies and other insects, and nesting and wintering birds. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also A fern is any one of a group of about 20000 Species of Plants classified in the phylum or division Pteridophyta, also known as Filicophyta Mosses are small soft Plants that are typically 1–10 cm (0 A butterfly is an Insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Examples include unique alpine plants at Upper Teesdale and the beautiful field of fritillary lilies at North Meadow Cricklade, Wiltshire. Alpine plants are Plants whose natural habitat is mountain slopes above the Tree line approaching the line of perpetual snow Etymology The county formerly 'Wiltonshire' or 'Wiltunscir' (9th century is named after the former county town of Wilton (itself named after the River Wylye
There are now over 1050 LNRs (Local Nature Reserves) in England. They range from windswept coastal headlands, ancient woodlands and flower-rich meadows to former inner city railways, long abandoned landfill sites and industrial areas now re-colonised by wildlife. In total they cover almost 40,000 ha - an impressive natural resource which makes an important contribution to England's biodiversity. A good example is Rye Harbour Nature Reserve in East Sussex where a network of footpaths enables visitors to explore shingle, saltmarsh, saline lagoon, reedbed and grazing marsh habitats.
United States
In the U.S. the United States Fish and Wildlife Service is responsible for managing many nature reserves including National Wildlife Refuges. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the National Wildlife Refuge is a designation for certain Protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. State and local governments administer others and some belong to private trusts, which are funded through personal donations.
See also
- Biodiversity
- Biosphere Reserve
- Conservation designation
- Country park
- Local Nature Reserve
- Marine park
- National park
- Pocket park
- Protected area
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds reserves (UK)
- The Wildlife Trusts partnership
- Special Protection Area
- The Nature Conservancy
- Wildlife corridor
- Wildlife refuge
References
Biodiversity is the variation of Life forms within a given Ecosystem, Biome or for the entire Earth. A biosphere reserve is an international Conservation designation given by UNESCO under its Programme on A conservation designation is a name and/or acronym which explains the status of an area of land in terms of conservation or protection. A country park is an area designated for people to visit and enjoy recreation in a countryside environment A Local Nature Reserve or LNR is a Statutory designation made under Section 21 of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 by principal See also Marine reserve as many areas called parks are wholly or partly marine conservation reserves A marine park is a Park consisting A national park is a reserve of land usually declared and owned by a national Government, protected from most Human development and pollution A pocket park or mini-park is a small park accessible to the general public Protected areas are locations which receive protection because of their environmental cultural or similar value The Wildlife Trusts partnership, or simply The Wildlife Trusts, is a partnership of 47 local Wildlife trusts in the United Kingdom plus the Isle of A Special Protection Area or SPA is a designation under the European Union directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds The Nature Conservancy is a US charitable Environmental organization working to preserve the Plants, Animals, and natural communities A wildlife corridor or green corridor is a strip of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities (such as roads development or logging A wildlife refuge, also called a wildlife sanctuary, may be a naturally-occurring sanctuary such as an Island, that provides protection for Species fromDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic