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Natural Horn in the V&A Museum, London.
Natural Horn in the V&A Museum, London. The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design housing a permanent collection

The natural horn is is a musical instrument that is the ancestor of the modern-day horn, and is differentiated by its lack of valves. It consists of a mouthpiece, some long coiled tubing, and a large flared bell. Pitch changes are made through a few different techniques:

This instrument was used extensively until the emergence of the valved horn in the early 19th century.

Handhorn Technique

Main article: Hand-stopping

The natural horn has several gaps in its harmonic range. Hand-stopping is a technique by which a Natural horn can be made to produce notes outside of its normal harmonic series. In order to play chromatically, in addition to crooking the instrument into the right key, two additional techniques are required: bending and hand-stopping. Hand-stopping is a technique by which a Natural horn can be made to produce notes outside of its normal harmonic series. Bending a note is achieved by modifying the embouchure to raise or lower the pitch fractionally, and compensates for the slightly out of pitch "wolf tones" which all brass instruments have. The embouchure is the use of facial muscles and the shaping of the lips to the Mouthpiece of a Wind instrument. Hand-stopping is a technique whereby the player can modify the pitch of a note by up to a semitone (or sometimes slightly more) by inserting a cupped hand into the bell. Both change the timbre as well as the pitch.

Natural Horn Repertoire

The List of compositions for French horn includes many pieces that were originally written with the natural horn in mind. This is a selected list of Musical compositions that feature a prominent part for (French horn, sorted by era and then by composer Since the modern horn was just becoming used in the early to mid 19th century, music written before that always employed the natural horn. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar This includes substantial contributors to the horn repertoire such as Mozart, Beethoven, Telemann, Weber and many others. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. Georg Philipp Telemann (March 14 1681 &ndash June 25 1767 was a German Baroque music Composer, born in Magdeburg. Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber ( 18 December 1786 in Eutin, Holstein, Germany - 5 June 1826 in London Others are more ambiguous. For example Brahms was certainly writing much of his major works after this time, but he did not care for the valved horn and wrote for natural horn. Johannes Brahms ( pronounced ˈbʁaːms (May 7 1833 &ndash April 3 1897 was a German Composer Near the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century almost all music was written for the modern valved horn. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on

Natural Horn and The Modern Horn

Below lists natural horn keys with their corresponding fingering on the modern horn. If a piece of music says the key on the left you can press the key combination on the right on the modern horn to get the correct tube length. (marked none where no fingering on a standard double horn creates an equivalent length):

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