Native American Studies (or American Indian or Indigenous American or First Nations studies) is an interdisciplinary academic field that examines the history, culture, politics, issues and contemporary experience of Native peoples in North America. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Increasingly, debate has focused on the differences rather than the similarities between other Ethnic studies disciplines such as African American studies, Asian American Studies, and Latino/a Studies. Ethnic studies is an academic discipline dedicated to the study of Ethnicity. African American studies is a subset of Black studies or Africana studies. Asian American Studies is an academic discipline which studies the experience of people of Asian ancestry in America Latino studies is an academic discipline which studies the experience of people of Hispanic ancestry in America In particular, the political sovereignty of many indigenous nations marks substantive differences in historical experience from that of other racial and ethnic groups in the United States and Canada. Drawing from numerous disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, history, literature, political science, and gender studies, Native American Studies scholars consider a variety of perspectives and employ diverse analytical and methodological tools in their work. Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems Gender studies is a field of Interdisciplinary study which analyzes the phenomenon of Gender.
Some practitioners advocate for decolonization of indigenous peoples, political autonomy, and the establishment of a discipline dedicated to alleviating contemporary problems facing indigenous peoples. Indigenous Decolonization is a process that Indigenous people whose communities were grossly affected by colonial expansion Genocide and Cultural The term Indigenous Peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any Ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical An autonomous area is an area of a Country that has a degree of Autonomy, or freedom from an external authority
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History
Since first contact with Europeans, the Native historical experience in the Americas was marked by forceable and sometimes willing attempts at assimilation into mainstream European American culture. Beginning with missionaries and leading up to federally controlled schools the aim was to educate American Indians so that they could go back to their communities and facilitate the assimilation process. As cited by David Beck in his article "American Indian Higher Education before 1974: From Colonization to Self-Determination," the schools were used as a tool for assimilation. Their main focus was not intellectual but to give training for industrial jobs or domestic jobs.
The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s-1960s contested mainstream methods of assimilationist indoctrination and the substance of what was being taught in K-12 schools and universities througout the United States. American Indian students, coupled with sympathetic professors, assisted in creating new programs with new aims. Rather than being focused on Indians going back to their communities to educate along the lines of assimilation there was a move to educate for empowerment. Programs that did community outreach and focused on student retention in campuses have risen out of that movement. Furthermore, the programs in schools created a new interpretation for American Indian history, sociology, and politics.
Academic Journals
American Indian Quarterly
American Indian Culture and Research Journal
Well-Known Scholars
- Taiaiake Alfred (Kanien’kehaka/Kahnawake Mohawk)
- Roger Buffalohead (Ponca)
- Ward Churchill
- Elizabeth Cook-Lynn (Crow Creek Sioux)
- Vine Deloria, Jr. (Standing Rock Sioux)
- Philip Deloria (Standing Rock Sioux)
- Donald Fixico (Sac & Fox, Shawnee, Creek, & Seminole)
- Jack Forbes (Powhatan-Renape-Lenape)
- Daniel Heath Justice (Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma)
- Arnold Krupat
- Devon A. Mihesuah (Choctaw)
- Greg Sarris
- Andrea Smith (Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma)
- Russell Thornton (Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma)
- Gerald Vizenor (White Earth Anishinaabe)
- Robert Allen Warrior (Osage)
- Jace Weaver (Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma)
- David E. The Wicazo Ša Review is a bi-annual interdisciplinary journal of Native American Studies. Gerald Taiaiake Alfred, born in Tiohtiáke ( Montréal) in 1964 is a Kanien’kehaka intellectual and a professor at the University of Victoria (UVic The Ponca ( Páⁿka iyé: Páⁿka or Ppáⁿkka ˈpːãŋkːa are a Native American Tribe. Ward LeRoy Churchill (born October 2 1947 is an American writer and political activist. Elizabeth Cook-Lynn (born 1930 is a Crow Creek Lakota Sioux editor essayist poet novelist and academic whose trenchant views on Native American The Crow Creek Indian Reservation is located in parts of Buffalo, Hughes, and Hyde counties on the Vine Deloria Jr ( March 26, 1933 – November 13, 2005) was an American Indian author theologian historian and activist The Standing Rock Indian Reservation is a Lakota Indian reservation in North Dakota and South Dakota in the United States. The Standing Rock Indian Reservation is a Lakota Indian reservation in North Dakota and South Dakota in the United States. The Shawnee, or Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are a people native to North America. The Seminole are a Native American people originally of Florida and now residing in Florida and Oklahoma. The Powhatan (also spelled Powatan and Powhaten) or Powhatan Renape (literally the "Powhatan Human Beings" is the name of a The shannon (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans were in the 17th century organized bands of Native American peoples with shared cultural and linguistic Daniel Heath Justice is an enrolled citizen of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma and the author of Our Fire Survives the Storm A Cherokee Literary History ( University The Cherokee (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ a-ni-yv-wi-ya, in the Cherokee language) are a people native to North America, who at the time of European contact Devon Abbott Mihesuah (born 2 June 1957) is a Choctaw historian and writer and a previous editor of the American Indian Quarterly. The Choctaw are a Native American people originally from the Southeastern United States ( Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana) Greg Sarris is a college Professor, author screenwriter and current Chairman of the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria. Andrea Lee Smith is a Cherokee Intellectual, feminist, and anti-violence activist. The Cherokee (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ a-ni-yv-wi-ya, in the Cherokee language) are a people native to North America, who at the time of European contact The Cherokee (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ a-ni-yv-wi-ya, in the Cherokee language) are a people native to North America, who at the time of European contact Gerald Robert Vizenor (born 1934) is a Native American ( Anishinaabe) writer and an enrolled member of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe The White Earth Band of Ojibwe, also known as the White Earth Nation or Gaa-waakabiganikaag Anishinaabeg, is a Native American tribe located The Cherokee (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ a-ni-yv-wi-ya, in the Cherokee language) are a people native to North America, who at the time of European contact Wilkins (Lumbee)
- Robert A. The Lumbee are a Native American tribe of North Carolina, though their origins are disputed Williams, Jr. (Lumbee)
- Craig Womack (Muskogee)
External links
Programs/Departments
- Colgate University N.A. Studies Colgate University
- Cornell University N.A. Studies Cornell University
- Dartmouth College N.A. Studies Dartmouth College
- Haskell Indian Nations University N.A. Studies Haskell Indian Nations University
- Humboldt State University N.A. Studies Humboldt State University
- University of Arizona N.A. Studies University of Arizona
- University of California, Berkeley N.A. Studies University of California, Berkeley
- University of California, Davis N.A. Studies University of California, Davis
- University of California, Irvine N.A. Studies University of California, Irvine
- University of California, Los Angeles N.A. Studies University of California, Los Angeles
- University of Hawaii, Manoa Center for Hawaiian Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign N.A. Studies University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
- University of Iowa N.A. Studies University of Iowa
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst N.A. Studies University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- University of Montana N.A. Studies University of Montana
- University of New Mexico N.A. Studies University of New Mexico
- University of North Carolina, Pembroke N.A. Studies University of North Carolina, Pembroke
- University of Oklahoma N.A. Studies University of Oklahoma
- University of Washington N.A. Studies University of Washington
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