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Nationality law is the branch of a country's legal system wherein legislation, custom and court precedent combine to define the ways in which that country's nationality and citizenship are transmitted, acquired or lost. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty Nationality law is often discussed or studied along with immigration law (for those immigrant-receiving countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) and with refugee or asylum law. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race Right of asylum (or political asylum) is an ancient Judicial notion under which a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in his

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Common principles

Nationality laws in Continental Europe are mostly based upon the Napoleonic Code which established that for purposes of nationality, that of the father was primary. The Napoleonic Code, or Code Napoléon (originally called the Code civil des Français) is the French Civil code, established under For many years, therefore, in Europe and in former European colonies, women could not transmit their nationality to their children born in wedlock (those children born outside of marriage could often acquire their mother's nationality as there were provisions so that no child would be stateless). A stateless person is someone with no Citizenship or Nationality. Many of these laws have since been changed, with the Arab states being an exception. In many Arab states, women married to foreigners cannot transmit their nationality to their children. [1] Many countries also have provisions stating that native-born children of accredited foreign diplomatic staff/officers do not acquire that nationality.

Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states:

  1. Everyone has the right to a nationality. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR) is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly ( 10 December 1948 at Palais
  2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

Today, nationality law is based either on jus soli or jus sanguinis, or on a combination of the two. Jus soli ( Latin for "right of the soil" or somewhat figuratively "right of the territory" or birthright citizenship, is a Right Jus sanguinis ( Latin for "right of blood" is a Social policy by which Nationality or Citizenship is not determined by place of birth Jus soli is the principle in which a child born in a country's territorial jurisdiction acquires that country's nationality (Ex: United States, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, France [including in its overseas dependencies]). Birthright citizenship in the United States of America follows from a hybrid rule of Jus soli and Jus sanguinis. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The French Overseas Departments and Territories ( French: départements d'outre-mer and territoires d'outre-mer or DOM-TOM) consist broadly of In jus sanguinis, either the father or mother must normally be a citizen of the country in question in order for the child to be a citizen (e. g. Israel, Switzerland). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation

Nationality issues in post-colonial context

Often in post-colonial situations, sorting out the nationalities of settlers, colonists and subjects was difficult and often a highly politically-charged process, particularly in the United Kingdom and in so-called settler colonies of Africa, such as South Africa, Rhodesia (now called Zimbabwe), Uganda and Hong Kong. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent ( Unilateral Declaration of Independence See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders For example see History of British nationality law

Examples of nationality law (Citizenship) in specific countries

See also: Category:Nationality_law

Europe

EUROPEAN UNION


NON EUROPEAN UNION

Africa

Americas

Asia & the Middle East

Oceania

Other

See also



This article concerns the history of British nationality law. Austrian citizenship is based primarily on the principle of Jus sanguinis. Belgian citizenship is based on a mixture the principles of Jus sanguinis and Jus soli. Bulgarian nationality law is governed by the Constitution of Bulgaria (article 25 and 26 of 1991 and the citizenship law of 1968 (with changes made in British nationality law is the law of the United Kingdom concerning Citizenship and other categories of British Nationality. The Cypriote nationality law dates back from 1967. It is mainly based on Jus sanguinis. The Czech Republic citizenship law is based on the principles of Jus sanguinis. Danish nationality law is ruled by the Constitutional act of Denmark (of 1953) and the Consolidated Act of Danish Nationality (of 2003, with amendment in Estonian citizenship is based primarily on the principle of Jus sanguinis. Dutch nationality law is based primarily on the principle of Jus sanguinis. Citizenship in Finland can be obtained on the basis of birth Marriage of parents Adoption, or the place of birth French nationality law is historically based on the principle of Jus soli, according to Ernest Renan 's definition opposed to the German German citizenship is based primarily on the principle of Jus sanguinis. Nationality law of Greece is based on the principle of Jus sanguinis. Hungarian nationality law is based on the principles of Jus sanguinis. Irish nationality law is the law of Republic of Ireland governing citizenship Nationality law in Italy, like that of many European countries favors Jus sanguinis. Lithuanian nationality law automatically grants citizenship to persons born within the current borders of Lithuania. The Luxembourgian nationality law is ruled by the Constitution of Luxembourg. Maltese nationality law is based primarily on the principles of Jus sanguinis, although prior to 1 August 1989 the principle of Jus soli Polish nationality law is based upon the principles of Jus sanguinis. Portuguese nationality law is the legal set of rules that regulate acces to Portuguese citizenship which is acquired mainly through descent from a Portuguese parent Romanian nationality law is based on the 1991 Romanian Citizenship law Slovak nationality law is based on the principles of Jus sanguinis. Slovenian nationality law is based primarily on the principles of Jus sanguinis, in that descent from a Slovenian parent is the primary basis for acquisition of Slovenian citizenship Spanish citizenship is acquired mainly through descent from a Spanish parent Naturalisation in Spain or marriage to a Spanish citizen Swedish nationality law determines entitlement to Swedish citizenship. Citizenship of the European Union was introduced by the Maastricht Treaty signed in 1992 Belarusian citizenship is membership in the political community of the Republic of Belarus. Icelandic nationality law is based upon the principles of Jus sanguinis. Norwegian nationality law is based on the principle of Jus sanguinis. The Russian nationality law consists of the Constitution of Russian Federation (of 1993) the Federal act on citizenship of Russian Federation (of 2002, with the Swiss citizenship is the status of being a citizen of Switzerland and it can be obtained by birth marriage or Naturalisation. Citizenship of Ukraine is governed by the Law on Citizenship of Ukraine and by the Ukrainian Constitution. The Egyptian Nationality Law is based on a mixture the principles of Jus sanguinis and Jus soli with some alterations The Republic of Liberia was founded by free Americans of African origin who formed the American Colonization Society and returned to establish a republic on African Moroccan Nationality law is the subject of the Moroccan Dahir ( Decree) of September 6 1958 official Bulletin Number 2394 South Africa rewrote its Nationality law since the end of Apartheid in 1994 and the establishment of majority rule in the country under the African National Congress Argentine nationality law is based on the principle of Jus soli. Barbados achieved Independence from the United Kingdom in 1966 as a Commonwealth with HM the Queen Elizabeth II remaining the head of state Brazilian nationality law is based on the principle of Jus soli. Canadian citizenship is typically obtained by birth in Canada or birth abroad when at least one parent is a Canadian citizen or by adoption abroad by at least one Canadian citizen Chilean nationality law is based on both principles of Ius soli and Ius sanguini. Paraguayan nationality law is based on the principle of Jus soli. According to the Peruvian Constitution and Nationality legislation passed in 1996 as well as an executive order declared in 1997 Peruvian Nationality can be passed by birth Article I section 8 clause 4 of the United States Constitution expressly gives the United States Congress the power to establish a uniform rule of naturalization For other uses see Chinese nationality. The Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China ( regulates Citizenship in the People's Indian citizenship and nationality law: The Constitution of India provides for a single citizenship for the entire country Israel's nationality law defines the terms through which one can be granted Citizenship of the state of Israel. Japanese nationality is generally governed by the Nationality Law of 1950 The Kazakhstani nationality law is ruled by the Constitution of Kazakhstan and the Law on Citizenship (of 1991, with updates in 2002) To become a Citizen of Malaysia, a person must meet the requirements of the Malaysia Citizenship Rules 1964. The Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal regulates provisions for Nepali citizenship in Articles 8 9 and 10 Philippine nationality law is currently based upon the principles of Jus sanguinis and therefore descent from a parent who is a citizen / national The Nationality Law of the Republic of China (regulates Citizenship in the Republic of China (Taiwan Singaporean nationality law is derived from the Constitution of Singapore and is based on Jus sanguinis and a modified form of Jus soli The government of the Republic of Korea does not permit Dual citizenship after the age of 21 Turkish nationality law, is based primarily on the principle of Jus sanguinis. Australian nationality law is based primarily on the principle of Jus soli. New Zealand citizenship was created on 1 January, 1949, by the British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948. Samoa has been an independent sovereign State since 1962. Prior to that, it was administered by New Zealand. Nationality and citizenship in the Kingdom of Tonga are currently defined and regulated by the Nationality (Amendment Act 2007. Naturalized TRNC ( Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus) Citizens are persons granted TRNC Citizenship by the Government of the Turkish Republic The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus ( TRNC) (Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti KKTC) commonly called Northern Cyprus (Kuzey Kıbrıs though its Jus soli ( Latin for "right of the soil" or somewhat figuratively "right of the territory" or birthright citizenship, is a Right Jus sanguinis ( Latin for "right of blood" is a Social policy by which Nationality or Citizenship is not determined by place of birth Multiple citizenship, or multiple nationality is a status in which a person is concurrently regarded as a Citizen under the laws of more than one state. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty A passport is a document issued by a national government which certifies for the purpose of international travel the identity and nationality of its holder Second-class citizen is an informal term used to describe a person who is systematically discriminated against within a State or other political jurisdiction
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