A national park is a reserve of land, usually, but not always declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus National parks are a protected area of IUCN category II. Protected areas are locations which receive protection because of their environmental cultural or similar value The largest national park in the world is the Northeast Greenland National Park, which was established in 1974. Northeast Greenland National Park is the largest National park in the world with an area of 972000 square kilometres (375000 square miles making the park larger than
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History
Prologue
In 1810, the English poet William Wordsworth described the Lake District as a "sort of national property in which every man has a right and interest who has an eye to perceive and a heart to enjoy". The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England. The painter George Catlin, in his travels though the American West, wrote in 1832 that the Native Americans in the United States might be preserved "by some great protecting policy of government . George Catlin ( July 26, 1796 &ndash December 23, 1872) was an American painter, author and traveler who specialized in The Western United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American West or simply the West &mdashtraditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States . . in a magnificent park . . . A nation's park, containing man and beast, in all the wild and freshness of their nature's beauty!" Similar ideas were expressed in other countries—in Sweden, for instance, the Finnish-born Baron Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld made such a proposition in 1880. Baron (Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, also known as A E Nordenskioeld (November 18 1832 Helsinki, Finland &mdash August 12 1901 Dalby Skåne The Scottish-American naturalist John Muir was inspirational in the foundation of national parks, anticipating many ideas of conservationism, environmentalism, and the animal rights movement. John Muir ( April 21, 1838 – December 24, 1914) was a Scottish -born American Naturalist, author and early
Establishment
The first effort by any government to set aside such protected lands was in the United States, on April 20, 1832, when President Andrew Jackson signed legislation to set aside four sections of land around what is now Hot Springs, Arkansas to protect the natural, thermal springs and adjoining mountainsides for the future disposal of the US government. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 Hot Springs is the 10th most populous city in the US state of Arkansas, the County seat of Garland County, and the principal city of the Hot It was known as the Hot Springs Reservation. Established from Hot Springs Reservation Hot Springs National Park is a United States National Park in central Arkansas adjacent to the city of Hot However no legal authority was established and federal control of the area was not clearly established until 1877.
The next effort by any government to set aside such protected lands was, again, in the United States, when President Abraham Lincoln signed an Act of Congress on June 30, 1864, ceding the Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoias (later becoming the Yosemite National Park) to the state of California:
"[T]he said State shall accept this grant upon the express conditions that the premises shall be held for public use, resort, and recreation; shall be inalienable for all time. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Yosemite Valley (joʊˈsɛməti yoh-SEM-it-ee) is a world-famous scenic location in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. Mariposa Grove is a sequoia grove located near Wawona California in the southernmost part of Yosemite National Park, at. Sequoiadendron giganteum ( Giant Sequoia, Sierra Redwood, or Wellingtonia) is the sole species in the genus Sequoiadendron California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.
In 1872, Yellowstone National Park was established as the world's first truly national park. When news of the natural wonders of the Yellowstone were first published, the land was part of a territory. Unlike Yosemite, there was no state government that could assume stewardship of the land, so the federal government took on direct responsibility for the park, a process formally completed in October 1, 1890. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It took the combined effort and interest of conservationists, politicians and especially businesses—namely, the Northern Pacific Railroad, whose route through Montana would greatly benefit by the creation of this new tourist attraction—to ensure the passage of the legislation by the United States Congress to create Yellowstone National Park. The Northern Pacific Railway was a railway that operated in the north-central region of the United States.
The 'dean of western writers,' American Pulitzer prize-winning author Wallace Stegner, has written that national parks are 'America's best idea,'—a departure from the royal preserves that Old World sovereigns enjoyed for themselves—inherently democratic, open to all, "they reflect us at our best, not our worst. Wallace Earle Stegner ( February 18, 1909 — April 13, 1993) was an American Historian, Novelist, Short story "[1] Even with the creation of Yellowstone, Yosemite, and nearly 37 other national parks and monuments, another 44 years passed before an agency was created in the United States to administer these units in a comprehensive way - the U. S. National Park Service (NPS). The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation Businessman Stephen Mather pushed hardest for the creation of the NPS, writing then-Secretary of the Interior Franklin Knight Lane about such a need. Franklin Knight Lane ( July 15, 1864 &ndash May 18, 1921) was a Canadian - American Democratic politician Lane invited Mather to come to Washington, DC to work with him to draft and see passage of the NPS Organic Act, which was approved by Congress and signed into law on August 25, 1916. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
The number of areas now managed by the National Park Service in the United States consists of 391 different sites, of which only 58 carry the designation of National Park.
Following the idea established in Yellowstone there soon followed parks in other nations. In Australia, the Royal National Park was established just south of Sydney in 1879. Protected areas of Australia include Commonwealth and off-shore Protected areas managed by the Australian government as well as protected areas within each of the six states The Royal National Park is a National park in New South Wales, Australia, 29 km south of Sydney. In Canada, Banff National Park (then known as Rocky Mountain National Park) became its first national park in 1885. This is a list of National Parks of Canada. Canadian National Parks preserve both spectacular and representative areas of the country located in every one of the nation's 13 Banff National Park (ˈbæmf is Canada's oldest national park, established in 1885 in the Canadian Rockies. New Zealand had its first national park in 1887. The fourteen National parks of New Zealand are administered by the Department of Conservation. In Europe the first national parks were a set of nine parks in Sweden in 1909. The National parks of Sweden are managed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency ( Naturvårdsverket) Europe has 370 national parks at the moment. [2] In 1926, the government of South Africa designated Kruger National Park as the nation's first national park. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Kruger National Park is the largest Game reserve in South Africa.
After World War II, national parks were founded all over the world. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Vanoise National Park in the Alps was the first French national park, created in 1963 after public mobilization against a touristic project. Vanoise National Park (Parc national de la Vanoise is a French National park in the Alps, created in 1963 after mobilization from the Environmentalist Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel
Features preserved
National parks are usually located in places which have been largely undeveloped, and often feature areas with exceptional native animals, plants and ecosystems (particularly endangered examples of such), biodiversity, or unusual geological features. An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants animals and micro-organisms( Biotic factors in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( Biodiversity is the variation of Life forms within a given Ecosystem, Biome or for the entire Earth. Occasionally, national parks are declared in developed areas with the goal of returning the area to resemble its original state as closely as possible.
In some countries, such as England and Wales, areas designated as a national park are not wilderness, nor owned by the government, and can include substantial settlements and land uses which are often integral parts of the landscape. The national parks of England and Wales are areas of relatively undeveloped and scenic landscape that are designated under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949
Park mandates
Most national parks have a dual role as offering a refuge for wildlife and as serving as popular tourist areas. Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants animals and other organisms Managing the potential for conflict between these two roles can become problematic, particularly as tourists often generate revenue for the parks which, in turn, are spent on conservation projects. Parks also serve as reserves for substantial natural resources, such as timber, minerals and other valuable commodities. Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific The balance of the demand for extraction of these resources, against the damage this might cause, is often a very important challenge in national park management. National parks have been subject to illegal logging and other exploitation, sometimes because of political corruption, or lack of law enforcement. Illegal logging is the harvest transportation purchase or sale of timber in violation of national Laws The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal including The term " exploitation " may carry two distinct meanings The act of utilizing something for any purpose Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain For example, Lorentz National Park in Indonesia has no dedicated staff of guards. Lorentz National Park is located in the Indonesian province of Papua, formerly known as Irian Jaya (western New Guinea) This threatens the integrity of many valuable habitats. A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species.
Other sites designated for preservation
Some countries also designate sites of special cultural, scientific or historical importance as national parks, or as special entities within their national park systems. Other countries use a different scheme for historical site preservation. Some of these sites, if they meet the criteria required, are awarded the title World Heritage Site by the UNESCO. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16
In many countries, local governmental bodies may be responsible for the maintenance of park systems. Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. Some of these are also called national parks.
See also
- List of national parks (arranged in lists by country)
- National monument
- Conservation movement
- Conservation
- Federal lands
- International Network of Geoparks
- International Park
- National Forest
- Sustainable development
- United Nations Environment Programme
- Fossil Park
External links
- National Parks Worldwide
- UNESCO — Man and the Biosphere Programme (Biosphere Reserves)
- World Heritage Sites
- UN Protected Areas database
- EUROPARC Federation — Europe's protected areas
- European National Parks Centre (ENPC)
- National Park of China
Dictionary
national park
-noun
- An area of land reserved by the national government for recreational use.
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