For nation-building in the sense of deliberate efforts by a foreign power to construct institutions of national government, see State-building
Nation-building refers to the process of constructing or structuring a nation using the power of the state. State-building is a term used in state theory It describes the construction of a functioning state This process aims at the unification of the people or peoples within the state so that it remains politically stable and viable in the long run. Nation-building can involve the use of propaganda or major infrastructure development to foster social harmony and economic growth.
Overview
Originally, nation-building referred to the efforts of newly-independent nations, notably the nations of Africa, to reshape colonial territories that had been carved out by colonial powers without regard to ethnic or other boundaries [1] [2]. These reformed states would then become viable and coherent national entities.
Nation-building included the creation of superficial national paraphernalia such as flags, anthems, national days, national stadiums, national airlines, national languages, and national myths. A national symbol is a Symbol of any entity considering itself and manifesting itself to the world as a national community – namely sovereign states, but also A national flag is a Flag that symbolises a country The flag is flown by the government but usually can be flown by Citizens of that country as well The term anthem means either a specific form of Anglican church music (in Music theory and religious contexts or more generally a song (or composition of The National Day is a designated date on which celebrations mark the Nationhood of a Nation or non-sovereign Country. A national language is a Language (or language variant, ie Dialect) which has some connection - de facto or de jure - with See also National mysticism A national myth is an inspiring narrative or Anecdote about a nation's past At a deeper level, national identity needed to be deliberately constructed by moulding different groups into a nation, especially since colonialism had used divide and rule tactics to maintain its domination. See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism In Politics and Sociology, divide and rule (derived from Latin divide et impera) (also known as divide and conquer) is a combination
One of the most successful nation-building efforts has been in Singapore, where it has a mixture of Chinese, Tamil, Malay, Eurasian and other races. Singapore
However, many new states were plagued by "tribalism", rivalry between ethnic groups within the nation. The internal social structure of a tribe can vary greatly from case to case but due to the small size of tribes it is always a relatively simple structure with few (if any significant social This sometimes resulted in their near-disintegration, such as the attempt by Biafra to secede from Nigeria in 1970, or the continuing demad of the Somali people in the Ogaden region of Ethiopia for complete independence. The Republic of Biafra was a Secessionist state in south-eastern Nigeria. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled Ogadēn ]] is the international name of the Somali Regional State in Ethiopia. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page In Asia, the disintegration of Pakistan into Pakistan and Bangladesh is another example where ethnic differences, aided by geographic distance, tore apart a post-colonial state. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially The Rwandan genocide as well as the recurrent problems experienced by the Sudan can also be related to a lack of ethnic, religious, or racial cohesion within the nation. The Rwandan Genocide was the 1994 mass killing of hundreds of thousands of Rwanda 's minority Tutsis and the moderates of its Hutu majority Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. It has often proved difficult to unite states with similar ethnic but different colonial backgrounds. Whereas successful examples like Cameroon do exist, failures like Senegambia Confederation demonstrate the problems of uniting Francophone and Anglophone territories. The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central and western Africa. The Senegambia Confederation was a loose Confederation between the West African countries of Senegal and its neighbour The Gambia, which is almost The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French -speaking typically as primary language whether referring to individuals groups or places An Anglophone (or anglophone) is someone who speaks the English language.
More recently, nation-building has come to be used in a completely different context, with reference to what has been succinctly described by its proponents as "the use of armed force in the aftermath of a conflict to underpin an enduring transition to democracy. " In this sense nation-building, better referred to as state building, describes deliberate efforts by a foreign power to construct or install the institutions of a national government, according to a model that may be more familiar to the foreign power but is often considered foreign and even destabilising. State-building is a term used in state theory It describes the construction of a functioning state Nation-building is typically characterised by massive investment, military occupation, transitional government, and the use of propaganda to communicate governmental policy.
References
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